This document discusses esters. It defines esters as being produced when an alcohol reacts with an organic or inorganic acid, using the example of ethyl acetate being formed from ethanol and acetic acid. Esters are derived from carboxylic acids, with the hydrogen in the carboxyl group being replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Esters can be prepared from carboxylic acids or acid anhydrides. They have characteristic sweet smells and are used in food flavorings and perfumes.
Ester is one of the functional groups in organic chemistry. It is formed by combining alcohols and carboxylic acids in a process called esterification.
Ester is one of the functional groups in organic chemistry. It is formed by combining alcohols and carboxylic acids in a process called esterification.
Examples of Ester in Food Flavouring by UNKNOWN ( Minggu Sains & Matematik S...mrlyasri
In conjunction of SM SAINS SERI PUTERI " 2014 Science & Mathematics Week",group UNKNOWN,prepared a slideshow,explaining about EXAMPLES OF ESTER IN FOOD FLAVOURING .
Examples of Ester in Food Flavouring by UNKNOWN ( Minggu Sains & Matematik S...mrlyasri
In conjunction of SM SAINS SERI PUTERI " 2014 Science & Mathematics Week",group UNKNOWN,prepared a slideshow,explaining about EXAMPLES OF ESTER IN FOOD FLAVOURING .
Biochemistry: Reaction Mechanisms of Esters.
Esters are among the most widespread of all naturally
occurring compounds. Many simple esters are pleasant-smelling liquids that are responsible for the fragrant odors of fruits and
flowers. For example, methyl butanoate is found in
pineapple oil, and isopentyl acetate is a constituent of
banana oil. The ester linkage is also present in animal fats and in
many biologically important molecule.
Ethers is a popular JavaScript library and a framework-agnostic library for interacting with the Ethereum blockchain. It provides developers with an easy-to-use and intuitive set of tools and functionalities to build decentralized applications (DApps) that interact with Ethereum.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. What is Ester?
Ester is produced when an alcohol reacts with an organic or
inorganic acid
For ex:- Formation of ethyl acetate by reaction of ethanol and
acetic acid
CH3COOH + C2H50H CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
3. Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid
contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the hydrogen in
this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. The most
commonly discussed ester is ethyl ethanoate. In this case, the
hydrogen in the -COOH group has been replaced by an ethyl
group. The formula for ethyl ethanoate is:
4. esters are derived from a carboxylic acid and
an alcohol
R and R' denote any alkyl or aryl group. R can also be
a hydrogen atom
5. Preperation Of Ester
(1)From Carboxylic Acid
Esters are generally prepared by refluxing the acid with
alcohol in the presence of small amount of minerals acids as
catalysts.
Example: 5-10% Concentrated sulphuric acid. The reaction is
reversible and its known as Esterification
7. Chemical Properties
(1)Hydrolysis
Esters are Hydrolysed by acid or alkleis to from alcohols and acids
or there sodium salts
E.X: ethyle acetate is hydrolysed as under
9. Physical Properties of Ester
Esters are covalent compounds(2 atoms sharing pair of more then one
electrone) which are only springly soluble in water.
Esters are useally volatile, pleasant smelling liquid.
Esters are neutral towards litmus
Esters are colourless natural liquids.
10. What’s that Smell?
Their bouquet is often floral or fruity.
Esters have strong, sweet smells.
This means they are used in food flavourings & perfumes.
Also, very good at dissolving organic compounds so often used as
solvents
Esters Fragrance
Ethyl Methanoate Raspberries
3-methylbutyl ethanoate Pears
ethyl 2-methylbutanoate apples
phenylmethyl ethanoate jasmine
11. Uses
As solvents for cellulose, oils, gums, resins, etc…
In making artificial flavours and essences.
