Esters are formed from the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols, with the loss of a water molecule. Their names are derived from the parent alcohol and acid, with the endings changed to -yl and -oate respectively. Esters have physical properties between their precursor alcohols and acids, such as higher boiling points than alkanes but lower than alcohols. They are soluble in both water and non-polar solvents like cyclohexane. Esters occur naturally in fruits and flowers, responsible for flavors and scents, and as fats and oils. Ethyl ethanoate is used as a solvent for printing inks and paints.
Introduction to Alcohols.
1. What are Alcohols ?
2. Functional Group
3. Classification
4. Monoatomic, diatomic alcohols
5. Monohydric, dihydric alcohols
6. Nomenclature of Alcohols
Ester is one of the functional groups in organic chemistry. It is formed by combining alcohols and carboxylic acids in a process called esterification.
Introduction to Alcohols.
1. What are Alcohols ?
2. Functional Group
3. Classification
4. Monoatomic, diatomic alcohols
5. Monohydric, dihydric alcohols
6. Nomenclature of Alcohols
Ester is one of the functional groups in organic chemistry. It is formed by combining alcohols and carboxylic acids in a process called esterification.
In chemistry, alcohols are organic compounds that carry at least one hydroxyl functional group bound to their aliphatic substructure. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol, which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages.
Zhengzhou Batong Industrial Co., Ltd. is located in Xingyang City, Zhengzhou. Established in 2011, With a registered capital of 29 million RMB, Batong is mainly engaged in the storage and trade of hazardous chemicals. Our total operating income in 2020 has beyond 1.5 billion RMB. We are aimed at providing the professional and efficiency solutions to global customers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Esters
Esters are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid
with an alcohol e.g.
CH3COOH
+
Ethanoic acid
CH3OH
Methanol
=
CH3COOCH3 + H2O
Methyl ethanoate
3. Naming esters: methyl ethanoate
The
first part of the ester name comes from
the parent alcohol with the - anol changed to
– yl and the second part of the name comes
from the parent acid with the - oic acid
changed to – oate.
9. Physical properties
Soluble
in water and non-polar solvents
such as cyclohexane
As the number of carbon atoms in a
molecule of the ester increases, solubility in
water decreases, while solubility in
cyclohexane increases
10. Occurrence and uses of esters
Occur
naturally in fruits – are responsible for
their flavours and flowers – are responsible for their
pleasant smells
Fats and oils are naturally occurring esters of
long chain carboxylic acids
Ethyl ethanoate is used as a solvent for
printing inks and paints
