Smallpox is a contagious viral disease that was eradicated through global vaccination efforts by 1979. It is caused by variola virus and results in a characteristic rash of pustules that leave scars. The disease has an incubation period of 7 to 17 days and spreads through respiratory droplets. Past outbreaks caused millions of deaths annually, but vaccination programs were successful in eliminating the virus worldwide.

2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
SMALLPOX
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

3. An acute contagious
viral disease, with
fever and pustules
that usually leave
permanent scars.
It was effectively
eradicated through
vaccination by 1979.

4. • Smallpox is a very serious illness
caused by a virus called the
variola (say: vair-ee-OH-luh) virus.
• Smallpox gets its name from the
pus-filled blisters (or pocks) that
form during the illness.

5. • Smallpox was
an infectious
disease caused by
either of
two virus variants
, Variola
major and Variola
minor.

6. SMALLPOX VIRUS

7. • It has an incubation period of
between 7 and 17 days after
exposure and only becomes
infectious once the fever
develops.

8. • The disease is also known by
the Latin names Variola or Variol
a vera, derived
from varius ("spotted")
or varus ("pimple")

9. DISEASE BURDEN
• As recently as 1967, the World
Health Organization (WHO)
estimated that 15 million people
contracted the disease and that
two million died in that year.

10. TRANSMISSION
• Smallpox is contagious. That
means the virus can spread to
others.
• It spreads through tiny drops of
an infected person's saliva (spit)
when the person coughs, talks,
or sneezes.

11. • Smallpox usually passes from
person to person during close,
face-to-face contact.

12. • Breathing in the virus from a
cough, sneeze, or saliva (spit) of
someone with smallpox.
• Touching skin that has smallpox
skin blisters

13. • Touching contaminated body
fluids or objects such as bedding
or clothing.
• Breathing in the virus in a room,
bus, or train shared with
someone who has smallpox

14. • Sharing a razor, tableware, or a
toothbrush with someone who
has smallpox

15. DIAGNOSIS
• If someone does get smallpox, a
doctor can recognize the disease
because it causes a special kind
of rash.
• The rash shows up as blisters on
the skin that fill with fluid and
crust over.

16. • This might sound like
chickenpox, but the blisters look
different from the blisters of
chickenpox.

17. • Smallpox was localized in
small blood vessels of the skin
and in the mouth and throat. In
the skin it resulted in a
characteristic maculopapular
rash and, later, raised fluid-
filled blisters.

18. • V. major produced a more
serious disease and had an
overall mortality rate of 30–35
percent.

19. • The other symptoms of
smallpox are like those of
many other less serious
illnesses: fever,headache,
backache, and feeling tired.

20. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• After exposure to the smallpox
virus, it usually takes 7-17 days
until illness begins.
• Fever (>38.3 C /101 F)

21. • Smallpox generally begins with
fever, headaches, body aches,
and weakness on day 1. Then:

22. • Day 2-3: small, round pox
(blisters) appear and spread on
the face, arms, legs, and inside
the mouth.
• Day 7: the pox turn into bigger
blisters and fill with pus.

23. BLISTERS

24. • Day 12: the blisters crust over;
stomach pain and confusion can
also occur.
• Week 3-4: the blisters turn into
scabs and fall off, leaving pitted
scars on the skin

25. • Long-term effects of smallpox
include scars, blindness, and
deformed hands and feet.

26. BLINDNESS

28. PREVENTION
• A vaccine (say: vak-SEEN), a type
of shot, can prevent infection
with the virus that causes
smallpox.
• Years ago, people were
vaccinated against smallpox.

30. • Today, smallpox vaccines aren't
given because nobody has had
the disease for many years.
• Scientists also are working to
make more vaccine to have on
hand for the future (in case of
outbreak).

31. TREATMENT
• There are no pills that can treat
smallpox, but scientists are doing
research to try to develop
medicine for the disease.

32. • If someone does become
infected with the smallpox virus,
getting the vaccine within a few
days of becoming infected can
lessen the disease's symptoms.

34. • India was declared smallpox free
on 5 July 1975.
• It was effectively eradicated
(globally) through vaccination by
1979.

35. SMALLPOX VIRUS HAS NOT
BEEN COMPLETELY
DESTROYED.!!!!!!

36. • Stocks are still held at Govt
Research Centres in the Russian
Federation and at the US.

38. THANK YOU