This document provides an introduction to environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as a process that ensures environmental factors are considered early in project planning. The key points covered are:
- EIA identifies, predicts, and evaluates environmental impacts of development projects before decisions are made.
- Projects in agriculture, construction, industry, electricity and more may require an EIA.
- The EIA process involves screening, scoping, assessment, review, decision making, and post-approval monitoring.
- Methods used in EIAs include scoping, impact prediction, alternative comparisons, and the Leopold matrix.
Environment impact Assessment (EIA) in Ugandakayondo alex
The definition of an EIA, its purpose, The lead agency involved, the various stages undertaken and where or not EIA is needed. the presentation summarizes the EIA process in Uganda.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Developing Guidelines for Public Participation on Environmental Impact Assess...Ethical Sector
On 24 February 2016, MCRB and PACT MPE (Mekong Partnership for Environment) co-organised a discussion in Yangon of public participation in EIA with the objectives of sharing experience which could be used to guide development of regional guidelines on public participation in EIA for the Mekong region (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam) as well as planned public participation guidelines for the implementation of Myanmar’s new EIA procedures.
U Than Aye, (Yangon office of ECD, MOECAF) gave a presentation on the public participation provisions of the Myanmar government’s EIA Procedures which were adopted on 29 December 2015, highlighting the requirements for consultation and disclosure at different stages of the EIA and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) processes; and the resource constraints and faced by MOECAF.
Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is a process which ensures that all environmental matters are taken into account quite early in the project at planning process itself.It takes into consideration not only technical and economic considerations but also, traditional aspects like impact on local people, biodiversity etc.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making Ashwani Kumar
Public participation can be defined as a continuous, two way communication process which involves promoting full public understanding of the processes and mechanisms through which environmental problems and needs are investigated and solved by responsible agencies; keeping the public fully informed about the progress of studies or implications of the project
Environmental Impact Assessment and Meaningful Citizen ParticipationPublic Affairs Centre
A presentation by Prarthana Rao, Public Affairs Centre, on Environmental Impact Assessment and Meaningful Citizen Participation. The presentation was made at a colloquium on Citizen Voices in Environmental Governance on August 23, 2012 organised by the Public Affairs Centre in Bangalore, India.
Environment impact Assessment (EIA) in Ugandakayondo alex
The definition of an EIA, its purpose, The lead agency involved, the various stages undertaken and where or not EIA is needed. the presentation summarizes the EIA process in Uganda.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Developing Guidelines for Public Participation on Environmental Impact Assess...Ethical Sector
On 24 February 2016, MCRB and PACT MPE (Mekong Partnership for Environment) co-organised a discussion in Yangon of public participation in EIA with the objectives of sharing experience which could be used to guide development of regional guidelines on public participation in EIA for the Mekong region (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam) as well as planned public participation guidelines for the implementation of Myanmar’s new EIA procedures.
U Than Aye, (Yangon office of ECD, MOECAF) gave a presentation on the public participation provisions of the Myanmar government’s EIA Procedures which were adopted on 29 December 2015, highlighting the requirements for consultation and disclosure at different stages of the EIA and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) processes; and the resource constraints and faced by MOECAF.
Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is a process which ensures that all environmental matters are taken into account quite early in the project at planning process itself.It takes into consideration not only technical and economic considerations but also, traditional aspects like impact on local people, biodiversity etc.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making Ashwani Kumar
Public participation can be defined as a continuous, two way communication process which involves promoting full public understanding of the processes and mechanisms through which environmental problems and needs are investigated and solved by responsible agencies; keeping the public fully informed about the progress of studies or implications of the project
Environmental Impact Assessment and Meaningful Citizen ParticipationPublic Affairs Centre
A presentation by Prarthana Rao, Public Affairs Centre, on Environmental Impact Assessment and Meaningful Citizen Participation. The presentation was made at a colloquium on Citizen Voices in Environmental Governance on August 23, 2012 organised by the Public Affairs Centre in Bangalore, India.
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
Environment Impact Assessment: Significance, Process And Problemsinventionjournals
India is the seventh largest country in the world by geographical area. The huge population burden also brings with it a whole spectrum of social issues that have environmental implications. Any developmental endeavour requires not only the analysis of the need of such a project, the monetary costs and benefits involved but most important, it requires a consideration and detailed assessment of the effect of a proposed development on the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies are inevitably undertaken to evaluate potential negative impacts as well as to formulate Environmental Management Plans to overcome the identified impacts. This research review paper focus on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) significance, process and impact assessment problems. The environment impact assessment significance reveals that, EIA should be made with the purpose for determining the current status of the environment and identifying impact of critical activities on environmental parameters.The results also reveal that EIA process concentrate on problems, conflicts and natural resource constraints which might affect the viability of a developmental activities. It also predicts how the project could harm to people, their homeland and their livelihoods. The results also state that, improper screening and unable to address the right issues are major drawback of the impact assessment process, where everyone has to consider it for decision making process. Hence, The EIA is a proven management tool used extensively by governments and NGO’s for project planning and approval. The Government bodies should look into the EIA significance and provide guidelines and checklist for understating an EIA for all the activities which deteriorate the environmental quality in general, to be more specific the projects and location of mining, landfills etc.
Environmental assessment is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review. An impact assessment may propose measures to adjust impacts to acceptable levels or to investigate new technological solutions (Encyclopedia, 2015).
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
1. Introduction to Environmental
Impact Assessment
(EIA)
Dr. S.P. Nissanka
Professor in Crop Science
Director
Centre for Environmental Studies (CES)
University of Peradeniya
spn@pdn.ac.lk
2. Structure
• What is EIA ?
• Why we need EIA ?
• Who need EIA?
• Determination of Significant Impact
• EIA process
• Methods used in EIA
• Outputs od EIA
• EIA directives
• Case study
• Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs)
• How to become a licenses EI Assessor?
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3. Abbreviations
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
CEA : Central Environmental Authority
PAA : Project Approving Agency
PP : Project Proponent
CES : Centre for Environmental Studies
TOR : Terms of Reference
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
SIA : Social Impact Assessment
NEA : National Environmental Act
SEA : Strategic Environmental Assessment
NEAP : National Environmental Action Plan
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4. What is the EIA ?
“(EIA) is a process which ensures that all environmental matters are taken into
account quite early in the project at planning process itself. It takes into
consideration not only technical and economic considerations but also, the
values of natural resources (biodiversity) , traditional aspects like impact on
local people etc.”
“The process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical,
social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major
decisions being taken and commitments made!
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5. Why we need EIA ?
• EIA is intended to prevent or minimize potentially adverse environmental impacts
and enhance the overall quality of a project. The main benefits and advantages of
EIA are:
• Lower project costs in the long-term
• Increased project acceptance
• Improved project design
• Informed decision making
• Environmentally sensitive decisions
• Increased accountability and transparency
• Reduced environmental damage
• Improved integration of projects into their environmental and social settings
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6. Which type of projects under go EIA?
/ Who need EIA ? 1
• Agriculture
• Construction (road networks, buildings, dams, etc.)
• Industries
• Electricity projects
• Waste management projects
• Any developmental projects around protected areas / nature reserves/
sensitive area
• Clean Development Mechanism CDM projects
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7. What are the requirements to meet for
an EIA ? / Who need EIA ? 2
Project types Possible environmental impacts
Hydro power project Destruction of natural forests
Displacement of inhabitants
Loosing habitats for wild animals
Road development project Destruction of natural forests
Obstructions of animal corridors
Waste disposal project Ground water pollution
Air pollution through toxic gas emission
Plantation project Destruction of natural forests
Loosing habitats for wild animals
Chemical manufacturing plant Ground water pollution
Threat of explosion
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8. Criteria for IEE/EIA – Determination of
„Significant Impacts“
Significant Impacts determined based on;
1. Context
Significance of an action should be analyzed in
several contexts
2. Intensity
The severity, magnitude or nature of impact likely from a
proposed project
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9. EIA Process
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1. Screening
(Determining
whether an EIA /
IEE is required for
a project)
2. Scoping
(Determining the
scope of the EIA /
IEE study and
issuing of Terms of
Reference)
3. Preparation of
the EIA / IEE
report
4. Review of the
EIA / IEE report
The review
involves both
public and
technical review
5. EIA / IEE
Decision
Granting approval
with terms and
conditions or
rejection with
reasons
6. Post approval
monitoring
4.1. Public review (applicable only for EIAs) The project
proponent needs to respond to the public comments
received.
4.2. Technical review
Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
UniversityofPeradeniya
11. Project Approving Agencies (PAA)
• EIA process is implemented through designated “Project Approving Agencies
(PAA)” led by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA).
• The PAAs are EIA administrative agencies that are responsible for guiding the
EIA for projects and for issuing EIA approval or rejection. A single PAA is
appointed as the appropriate PAA for each EIAby the CEA.
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12. EIA Team - Assessors
EIA
Team
Agriculturist
Botanist
Environmenta
l Economist
Environmenta
l Law
Specialist
Zoologist
Anthropologis
t
Environmenta
l Engineer
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UniversityofPeradeniya
13. Technical Evaluation Committee (TEC)
• A temporary Technical Evaluation Committee should be formed for each
IEE/EIAfor which a PAA is the responsible agency.
• Comprises with technical experts
• Committee prepares a “TEC Report” to be used in decision making
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UniversityofPeradeniya
14. EIA Report - Public Consultation
• The EIA reports are required to be open for public inspection and comment for
a mandatory period of 30 days.
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Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
UniversityofPeradeniya
15. Methods Used in EIA
Scoping
• DELPHI Techniques
• To collect expert´s knowledge
• Check List Approach
• Simple & Descriptive
Impact Prediction
• Simulation Models
• Physical models
• Analogue models
• Mathematical models/computational models
Comparison of Alternatives
• Leopold Matrix
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16. Leopold Matrix
Actions and Environmental
Parameters in the Leopold Matrix
Discussion
Refer: page number 36 – 37 of the EIA text book (printed paper)
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UniversityofPeradeniya
17. Actions and Environmental Parameters -
Leopold Matrix
Actions Environmental Items
A. Modification of Habitat
B. Land transformation and construction
C. Resource extraction
D. Processing
E. Land altering
F. Resource renewal
G. Changes in the traffic
H. Waste replacement
I. Chemical Treatment
J. Accidents
K. Others
A. Physical – Chemical characteristics
1. Earth
2. Water
3. Atmosphere
4. Processes
B. Biological conditions
1. Flora
2. Fauna
C. Cultural factors
1. Land use
2. Recreations
3. Aesthetic and human interest
4. Cultural status
5. Manufactured facilities
D. Ecological relationships
E. Others
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17
18. Leopold Matrix - Environmental
Parameters; B. Biological Conditions
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UniversityofPeradeniya
Biological Conditions
1. FLORA
a. Trees
b. Shrubs
c. Crops
d. Micro flora
e. Aquatic plants
f. Endagered species
g. Barriers
h. Corridors
2. FAUNA
a. Birds
b. Land animals
c. Fish and shellfish
d. Benthic organisms
e. Insects
f. Micro fauna
g. Endangered species
h. Barriers
i. Corridors
19. Output of EIA – negative & positive
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• Environmental impacts do not only include negative impacts. Not only should
positive impacts of a project be taken into account in the assessment,
• but ideally the assessment should also be aimed at enhancing positive
benefits through project design and implementation.
• Consequently, EIAs have also been termed a “proactive management tool
with technical input”
Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
UniversityofPeradeniya
20. EIA Directive
The EIA should identify, describe and assess the direct and indirect effects of a
project on the following factors:
• Human beings
• Fauna and flora
• Soil, Water & Air
• Climate and the landscape
• Material Assets
• Cultural Heritage
• Interaction between all above factors
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UniversityofPeradeniya
21. A Case Study
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Upper Kothmale Hydro PowerProject
What are the Significant Environmental Impacts?
Does it need a IEE or EIA?
Who are the PAAs?
How to initiate the EIA process?
Who should involve the EIA process?
Discussion
Refer: page number 33of the EIA text book (printed paper)
Note: this project was „Not Approved“ for the second time (status as at 31st December 1996)by the CEA (as the
PAA). Later had the approvel under certain directives & conditions.
Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
UniversityofPeradeniya
22. Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
• Social impact assessments are generally aimed at analyzing, monitoring
and managing the social consequences of development activities.
• Integrated within environmental assessments these are often called ESIAs
and Strategic Environmental and Social Assessments (SESAs).
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23. Public Participation in EIA Process
• National Environmental Law & public participation in the EIA process
• Effectiveness of public participation
• Famous Examples;
• Upper Kotmale Hydropower Project
• Colombo – Katunayake Expressway Project
• Port City Project ???
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UniversityofPeradeniya
24. Strategic Environmental Assessments
(SEAs)
“ The objective of these tools is to make sure that all critical information to
predict future impact on the environment is supplied and considered in the
decision-making process.
While EIAs assess planned physical developments, SEAs target the strategic
planning level, such as government plans, programmes or policies.
Both aim to avoid the implementation of any activity or strategic planning
document with significant negative impacts on the environment, as well as an
enhancement of positive impacts. “
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UniversityofPeradeniya
25. How to become a licensed EI Assessor?
•Academic Qualifications
•Professional Experience
•Professional Training on EIA
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Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
UniversityofPeradeniya
26. 10 Day Training
Programme on EIA
organized by:
Centre for Environmental
Studies (CES)
12th programme – coming soon …
Professional Training on EIA?
27. Final thought!
“Man did not weave the web of life, he is
merely a strand in it. Whatever he does
to the web, he does to himself.”
- Chief-Seattle
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Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
UniversityofPeradeniya
28. Thanks for the
attention!
Dr. S.P. Nissanka
Professorin Crop Science
Director
Centre for EnvironmentalStudies (CES)
University of Peradeniya
spn@pdn.ac.lk