This chapter describes some of the simplest techniques and methods for EIA, and gives information to
help choose the most appropriate method for a given situation.
Detailed description of Environmental Impact Assessment - Historical Background - Objectives - Assessment procedure - Necessity in Water resources projects - Environmental discourse on DAM construction - Case study
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, considering natural, Social and Economic aspects.
Factor considered for Environment Impact assessment (EIA) in legal procedure ...Himanshu Goyal
This PPT is about the factor that one need to consider for getting an EIA in mining project.This report describe all of the above factor for vedanta mining project EIA report with through analysis given in notes section. It also describe the various laws that one need to compile with in Indian Scinerio.And finally analyse the shortcoming of the procedure and the flaws in it.
This chapter describes some of the simplest techniques and methods for EIA, and gives information to
help choose the most appropriate method for a given situation.
Detailed description of Environmental Impact Assessment - Historical Background - Objectives - Assessment procedure - Necessity in Water resources projects - Environmental discourse on DAM construction - Case study
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, considering natural, Social and Economic aspects.
Factor considered for Environment Impact assessment (EIA) in legal procedure ...Himanshu Goyal
This PPT is about the factor that one need to consider for getting an EIA in mining project.This report describe all of the above factor for vedanta mining project EIA report with through analysis given in notes section. It also describe the various laws that one need to compile with in Indian Scinerio.And finally analyse the shortcoming of the procedure and the flaws in it.
Environmental impact assessment and life cycle assessment and their role in s...Arvind Kumar
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by DR. I.D. MALLDepartment of Chemical Engg.Indian Institute of Technology, RoorkeeRoorkee- 247667
Planning and environmental impact assessment (EIA)tesdev
Planning and environmental impact assessment (EIA).
Towards efficient and effective EIAs and how GIS can help.
Janet Burns
RSK Principal Environmental Consultant
a general term that can reflect various types of evaluations intended to identify environmental compliance and management system implementation gaps, along with related corrective actions.
In this way they perform an analogous (similar) function to financial audits.
Summarization of Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology by Dr. I.M. Mis...Arvind Kumar
Summarization of Environmental Impact
Assessment Methodology by Dr. I.M. Mishra
Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Dean, Saharanpur Campus
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
발표자: 최윤제(고려대 석사과정)
최윤제 (Yunjey Choi)는 고려대학교에서 컴퓨터공학을 전공하였으며, 현재는 석사과정으로 Machine Learning을 공부하고 있는 학생이다. 코딩을 좋아하며 이해한 것을 다른 사람들에게 공유하는 것을 좋아한다. 1년 간 TensorFlow를 사용하여 Deep Learning을 공부하였고 현재는 PyTorch를 사용하여 Generative Adversarial Network를 공부하고 있다. TensorFlow로 여러 논문들을 구현, PyTorch Tutorial을 만들어 Github에 공개한 이력을 갖고 있다.
개요:
Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)은 2014년 Ian Goodfellow에 의해 처음으로 제안되었으며, 적대적 학습을 통해 실제 데이터의 분포를 추정하는 생성 모델입니다. 최근 들어 GAN은 가장 인기있는 연구 분야로 떠오르고 있고 하루에도 수 많은 관련 논문들이 쏟아져 나오고 있습니다.
수 없이 쏟아져 나오고 있는 GAN 논문들을 다 읽기가 힘드신가요? 괜찮습니다. 기본적인 GAN만 완벽하게 이해한다면 새로 나오는 논문들도 쉽게 이해할 수 있습니다.
이번 발표를 통해 제가 GAN에 대해 알고 있는 모든 것들을 전달해드리고자 합니다. GAN을 아예 모르시는 분들, GAN에 대한 이론적인 내용이 궁금하셨던 분들, GAN을 어떻게 활용할 수 있을지 궁금하셨던 분들이 발표를 들으면 좋을 것 같습니다.
발표영상: https://youtu.be/odpjk7_tGY0
Environmental impact assessment methodology by Dr. I.M. Mishra Professor, Dep...Arvind Kumar
Environmental impact assessment methodology by Dr. I.M. Mishra Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering Dean, Saharanpur Campus Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Deep learning an Introduction with Competitive LandscapeShivaji Dutta
This gives an introduction to Neural Networks to CNN, RNN, Reinforcement Learning to what competitive tools are out there. Also a comparison of the various frameworks from Tensorflow, Caffe, Chainer and Pytorch. We also capture the work done by various other companies in the enterprise tools space, web service offerings from Google, Sales Force and Amazon. End we mention the various Heroes of the Deep Learning space.
Introduction of PyTorch
Explains PyTorch usages by a CNN example.
Describes the PyTorch modules (torch, torch.nn, torch.optim, etc) and the usages of multi-GPU processing.
Also gives examples for Recurrent Neural Network and Transfer Learning.
Environmental Impact Assessment - University of WinnipegJohn Gunter
On Wednesday, March 11th I conducted a guest lecture at the University of Winnipeg 4th year Science Environmental Impact Assessment class. The course explores the methodology of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Students learn about various types of EIA, the components of EIA review, the regulatory aspects of EIA, and how to complete their own EIA. Students are expected to undertake EIA examples in both written and oral form.
Developing Guidelines for Public Participation on Environmental Impact Assess...Ethical Sector
On 24 February 2016, MCRB and PACT MPE (Mekong Partnership for Environment) co-organised a discussion in Yangon of public participation in EIA with the objectives of sharing experience which could be used to guide development of regional guidelines on public participation in EIA for the Mekong region (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam) as well as planned public participation guidelines for the implementation of Myanmar’s new EIA procedures.
U Than Aye, (Yangon office of ECD, MOECAF) gave a presentation on the public participation provisions of the Myanmar government’s EIA Procedures which were adopted on 29 December 2015, highlighting the requirements for consultation and disclosure at different stages of the EIA and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) processes; and the resource constraints and faced by MOECAF.
Slides from my talk at Facebook Developer Circle: Pune Launch on Aug 19 2017. Supplementary code available here: https://github.com/mayurbhangale/pytorch_notebook
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review. An impact assessment may propose measures to adjust impacts to acceptable levels or to investigate new technological solutions (Encyclopedia, 2015).
Environment impact Assessment (EIA) in Ugandakayondo alex
The definition of an EIA, its purpose, The lead agency involved, the various stages undertaken and where or not EIA is needed. the presentation summarizes the EIA process in Uganda.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. Introduction
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a systematic analysis of
projects, policies, plans or programmes to determine their potential
environmental impacts, the significance of such impacts and to
propose measures to mitigate the negative ones. The underlying key
principles of EIA are that every person is entitled to a clean and
healthy environment and that every person has a duty to enhance,
safeguard the environment. EIA is both a planning and decision-
making tool. As a planning tool, EIA presents methodologies and
techniques for identifying, predicting and evaluating potential
environmental impacts of projects, policies, plans and programmes
in the project cycle (planning, implementation and
decommissioning phases). The EIA process presents decision-
makers with the information necessary to determine whether or not
a project should be implemented.
4. Principles of EIA
The other main principles of EIA are: •
Environmental concerns must be accounted for in all
development activities • Public participation in the
development of projects, policies, plans and
programmes important • Recognition of social and
cultural principles traditionally used in the
management of the environment and natural
resources • International cooperation in the use and
wise management of shared resources • Intra-
generational and inter-generational equity •
Polluter-pays principle • The precautionary principle
5. Objectives of EIA
The overall objective of EIA is to ensure that environmental
concerns are integrated in all development activities in order
to contribute to contribute to sustainable development. The
specific objectives are: a) To identify potential environmental
impacts of proposed projects, policies, plans and programmes
b) To assess the significance of these impacts c) To assess the
relative importance of the impacts of alternative plans,
designs and sites; d) To propose mitigation measures for the
significant negative impacts of the project on the
environment; e) To generate baseline data for monitoring and
evaluation of how well the mitigation measures are being
implemented during the project cycle; f) To present
information on the impact of alternatives; g) To present
results of the EIA in such a way that they can guide informed
decisionmaking.
6. Screening of activities
Screening involves determining whether or not an EIA study is
required for a particular development activity. This depends on the
significance of the project’s environmental impacts. The significance
itself depends on such factors as: the sensitivity of the area likely to
be affected; public health and safety; the possibility of uncertain,
unique or unknown risks; the possibility of having individually
insignificant but cumulatively significant impacts; whether the
proposed activity affects protected areas, endangered or threatened
species and habitats; size, working methods, project activities
including their duration and proposals for waste disposal etc. A
hybrid of approaches involving lists and thresholds, amongst others,
are used to establish which activities should be assessed for
environmental impacts. This is the initial phase in the EIA process.
The screening exercise usually involves the following
7. Screening of activities
Project and site description • Collection of baseline
data • Data analysis • Evaluation of significance of
environmental impacts • Evaluation of alternatives •
Consultation and public participation; • Preparation
of a project report; • Review of project report and •
Approval process
8. Site and Project Description
Comprehensive site description includes the
following aspects: • Location of the project • Soils
and geology • Water resources, • Drainage • Climate,
• Vegetation, • Land use, • Population characteristics,
• Infrastructure, and • Justification for selecting the
site
9. Site and Project Description
Also comprehensive information is required on: •
Nature of the proposed project • Project activities •
Materials to be used in the project • Project outputs
including waste
10. Collection of Baseline Data
Baseline data should be identified, collected and used to
describe the status of the project site before any activity
related to project implementation commences. The
baseline data are used to assess potential impacts on
health, safety, the environment and the community.
Environmental data collection programmes must be kept
within manageable proportions taking into consideration
the length of time available for the study. It is also
advisable to infer, extrapolate, or predict environmental
conditions and responses from baseline information or
from other similar cases where actual data is lacking.
11. Data Analysis and Evaluation of Alternatives
In analyzing data, the following methods may be
used: checklist, matrix, threshold limit, overlay, etc.
In evaluating alternatives, emphasis should be on the
following: project, location, technology, scale, etc.
12. Consultation and Public Participation
It is important that all persons likely to be affected
by the project are consulted for their concerns.
Information regarding all project activities within
the project cycle (planning implementation,
decommissioning), materials to be used, products,
waste and waste disposal, economic and social
benefits should be provided. The views of the public
on all these activities should be incorporated in the
project report.
13. Preparation of the Project Report
An Environmental Impact Assessment Expert should
prepare the project report. In addition to these
Guidelines, the EIA expert should familiarize
himself/herself with the Environmental (Impact
Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2002.
14. Contents of the Project Report
A project report should include the following details: (a) Name of the
proponent, PIN number, address and contact person (b) Title of the project
(c) Objectives and scope of the project (d) Nature of the project; (e)
Location of the proposed project, including the physical area that may be
affected by the project’s activities; (f) Types of activities that will be
undertaken during the project construction, operation and
decommissioning phases; (g) Design(s) of the project; (h) Materials to be
used, products and by-products, including waste to be generated by the
project and the method(s) of their disposal; (i) Potential environmental
impacts of the project; (j) Mitigation measures to be taken during and after
implementation of the project; (k) An action plan for the prevention and
management of foreseeable accidents during the project cycle; (l) A plan to
ensure the health and safety of the workers, and neighboring communities;
(m) Economic and social benefits to the local community and the nation in
general; (n) Project budget; (o) Views of the public about the project,
indicating representativeness of the potentially affected people; and (p) An
environmental management plan (EMP) for the entire project cycle.
15. Submission of the Project Report
On completion, the proponent shall submit the
project report to the Authority for review.
16. The Review Process
The aim of the review exercise is to ensure the that
following major aspects have been 8 adequately
addressed in the report: • Impact identification •
Impact assessment • Adequacy of proposed
mitigation measures • Adequate consideration of
project alternatives • Evidence and adequacy of
consultation and public participation •
Implementation process and procedures •
Comprehensiveness of the environmental
management plan
17. Decision-Making
Where the Authority is satisfied that the project will
not have significant environmental impacts or that
the proposed mitigation measures are adequate to
address the identified impacts, the Authority may
issue the EIA License with conditions of approval, if
any. If the project will have significant
environmental impacts and the project report does
not disclose adequate mitigation measures, the
Authority shall require the proponent to undertake
an environmental impact assessment study, which
will assist in determining whether an EIA License
can be issued.
18. Scoping of impacts
A project that the Authority considers should be subjected to an EIA
study must first undergo a scoping study. Scoping is a procedure
used to determine the range of issues to be addressed in the EIA
study; it also is the process of identifying the significant issues,
which are related to the proposed project. Its main objective is to
focus the EIA on the key issues, while ensuring that indirect and
secondary effects are not overlooked and eliminating irrelevant
impacts. Thus, scoping identifies the key concerns, evaluates them,
organizes and presents them to aid decision-making. Like in
screening, scoping hinges on the issue of significance. It is during
scoping that the Terms of Reference (TOR) for an EIA Study are
formulated. Impacts are predicted from the scoping exercise using
one or several techniques e.g. ad-hoc methods, checklists, matrices,
networks, overlays, cost-benefit analysis, etc.
19. Objectives of Scoping
The specific objectives of scoping are to: • Identify
key issues of concern • Ensure focus on key issues
during the EIA study • Facilitate focused specialist
studies • Determine the assessment methods to be
used. • Identify all affected persons. • Provide an
opportunity for consultation and public
participation. • Facilitate identification of
alternatives. • Facilitate early agreement on
contentious issues. • Save time and money.
20. Steps to be considered in scoping
Scoping must ensure continuous consultation between the
proponent, the experts, the public (especially potentially
affected persons) and the Authority. Consequently, the
following steps are involved: • Develop a communication plan
(decide who to talk to and when) • • • • • • Assemble
information that will be the starting point of discussion Make
the information available to those whose views are to obtained
Find out what issues people are concerned about. Make a long
list Look at the issues from a technical perspective in
preparation for further study Organize the information
according to issues (grouping, combining and setting
priorities) Develop a strategy for addressing and resolving
each key issue, including information requirements and terms
of reference for further studies
21. Assembling Relevant
Existing Information Information should be
collected on the nature of the project, including the
list of potential environmental impacts and practical
alternatives accompanied by maps, drawings and
other aids for further understanding of the proposed
project. The information will help in formulating
appropriate mitigation measures and will form the
basis for further discussion. Affected persons should
be consulted, involved and made to understand all
the issues of concern relating to the project, which
should be compiled into a comprehensive list.
22. Identifying and Prioritizing Issues of
Environmental Concern
Once the issues have been identified and grouped,
their scientific validity needs to be carefully
evaluated and their significance analyzed. If certain
issues of technical nature remain unresolved, a
specialist discussion panel or workshop can be
organized at an appropriate venue to resolve the
issues.
23. Consultation and Public Participation (CPP)
Consultation and public participation is an
important tool for those conducting a scoping
exercise. It should be planned to focus on the
affected persons. Methods for involving affected
persons and for collecting information include: a)
Securing written submissions from Lead Agencies
and the public b) Public opinion c) Holding
community meetings and public hearings d)
Conducting preliminary field study/site visits e)
Conducting workshops/seminars. f) Establishing
inter-sector task forces
24. Contents of the Scoping Report
The Terms of Reference for an EIAS shall be
contained in a scoping report that will be submitted
to the Authority for approval. TOR prepared during a
scoping exercise should provide specific guidelines
for undertaking the EIA study. The scoping results
will include, but will not limited to, the following
aspects:
25. Introduction
An introduction should state the purpose of the
Terms of Reference. It should also describe the
project and identify the project proponent. The
introduction should cite the EIA regulations being
followed including the procedure to be followed in
preparing the EIA report.
26. Project Background
The project background will give the give the
following information: • History of the project • • • • •
• • • Parties involved Justification of the project A
description of the project area Relevant policy,
legislative and planning framework Identification of
associated projects, or any other planned within the
region which may compete for the same resources
The project products, by–products and processes at
both implementation and operation phases
Resources required for successful implementation
and operation of the project A brief history of the
project including the options considered
27. Project Objectives This section will indicate the goals
and specific objectives of the project
28. Existing Environmental Conditions Description of
the project area, ecological zoning as well as the state
of environment in the project area and its
surrounding should be given. It should also be
established whether the current environmental
condition is in its natural state or it has already
suffered degradation. If the latter is true, the causes
of the original degradation should be established and
if possible, the state of the environment before the
observed degradation
29. Existing Environmental Conditions
Description of the project area, ecological zoning as well
as the state of environment in the project area and its
surrounding should be given. It should also be
established whether the current environmental condition
is in its natural state or it has already suffered
degradation. If the latter is true, the causes of the original
degradation should be established and if possible, the
state of the environment before the observed degradation
30. Proposed Project Activities
The scoping Report shall disclose all proposed
project activities identified in the project cycle
31. Identification of Environmental Impacts
A distinction should be made between significant
positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect
impacts, and immediate and long–term impacts.
Also, identify impacts which are unavoidable and/or
irreversible.
32. Social Analysis of the Project Alternatives
Identify potential alternatives to the proposed project.
Compare alternatives with respect to site, technology,
product mix, scale, potential environmental impacts,
capital and operating costs, suitability under local
conditions, and institutional, training, and monitoring
requirements. Indicate which impacts are irreversible or
unavoidable and those that can be mitigated. The
alternatives should include a “no project” alternative, in
order to demonstrate environmental conditions without
it.
33. Consultation and Public Participation
It should also be spelt out how the affected
community will be involved in the project
formulation either through public meetings
“barazas”, questionnaires and direct interviews 11
depending on the interest groups identified at the
initial environmental impact assessment.
34. Social Analysis
Evaluate the economics of the project and establish
its viability in terms of the expected environmental
concerns and measures. Environmental costs should
be treated as part and parcel of the necessary
investment costs The communities' capacity to pay
or shoulder the necessary cost or impact of
environmental conservation measures should also be
established.
35. Possible Analysis Information Gaps
Indication should be given on how the information
gathered will be evaluated to give optimum results.
Required or necessary comparisons should also be
spelt out and where possible areas of further
investigation for continued monitoring should be
identified.
36. Proposed Mitigation
Measures Recommend feasible and cost–effective
measures to prevent or reduce significant negative
impacts to acceptable levels
37. Environmental Impact Assessment Study (EIAS)
An EIA Study shall address all the issues contained
in the TOR developed by the proponent in
consultation with the lead agency and the Authority.
The EIA study shall be undertaken by EIA experts
registered by the Authority. The EIA study shall be
the responsibility of the proponent.
38. The steps of the EIA study will include:-
1. Assemble the team of experts 2. Examine the TORs for each
expert and • assign responsibilities to each member of the
team • specify that the lead expert shall be responsible for the
study • agree on time schedules 3. Plan field work including
consultations and public participation and provision for: •
collection of baseline data and information • awareness
creation • generation of primary data • ecological, socio-
cultural and economic surveys • designing of EMP to
implement the mitigation measures and involving all the
affected persons. 4. Report writing
39. Project Impact Identification
This will involve naming all sources of impacts, e.g.
smoke emissions, water consumption, construction
jobs, using checklist or questionnaires. These will be
matched with possible receptors of the impacts e.g.
crops, communities using the same water.
40. Prediction
The impacts on the environment and the local
communities will be analysed. The analysis shall
examine biological, social, economic, and physical
anthropological effects of the project. The analytical
process will involve use of physical, socio–cultural,
mathematical, and economic models including an
evaluation of costs and benefits. The models will
require expert judgment for accurate predictions.
41. Evaluation Presentation and Interpretation
The evaluation will compare impacts of different options
in order to facilitate selection of the best option. This will
involve determining the importance of impacts relative
to one another. The presentation should include cross–
tabulation diagrams, graphics and maps. The degree of
severity of these impacts will be assessed in economic
terms through use of techniques such as the cost benefit
analysis that must take into account both qualitative and
quantitative aspects.
42. Mitigation Measures
The detailed report will identify fully the proposed
measures that shall be implemented to address the
identified adverse effects. Similarly, the effectiveness
of these measures towards achieving desired
objectives shall be assessed. A wide range of options
will be proposed to prevent, reduce, remedy, or
compensate for the various adverse effects
43. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
Based on the baseline data of the EIA, a
comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan
should be designed. This would be important in
implementation and operation stages of project as a
measure of compliance. 13 The EIAS reports are
prepared on behalf of project proponents by
Environmental Impact Assessment Experts legally
registered by the Authority.
44. Format of an EIA Study Report
A proponent shall submit to the Authority, an environmental impact assessment study report
incorporating but not limited to the following information:- (a) a proposed location of the
project; (b) a concise description of the national environmental legislative and regulatory
framework, baseline information, and any other relevant information related to the project; (c)
the objectives of the project; (d) the technology and processes to be used, in the implementation
of the project; (e) the materials to be used in the construction and implementation of the
project; (f) the products, by products and waste generated by the project; (g) a description of
the potentially affected environment; (h) the environmental effects of the project including the
social and cultural effects and the direct, indirect, cumulative irreversible, short-term and long-
term effects anticipated; (i) alternative technologies and processes available and reasons for
preferring the chosen technology and processes; (j) analysis of alternatives including project
site, design and technologies and reasons for preferring the proposed site, design and
technologies. (k) an environmental management plan proposing the measures for eliminating,
minimizing or mitigating adverse impacts on the environment; including the cost, time frame
and responsibility to implement the measures; (l) provision of an action plan for the prevention
and management of foreseeable accidents and hazardous activities in the cause of carrying out
activities or major industrial and other development projects; (m) the measures to prevent
health hazards and to ensure security in the working environment for the employees and for the
management of emergencies; (n) an identification of gaps in knowledge and uncertainties
which were encountered in compiling the information; (o) An economic analysis of the project;
(p) An indication of whether the environment of any other state is likely to be affected and the
available alternatives and mitigating measures; and such other matters as the Authority may
require.
45. Screening
Screening is the process of deciding on whether an EIA is required. This
may be determined by size (eg greater than a predetermined surface area
of irrigated land that would be affected, more than a certain percentage
or flow to be diverted or more than a certain capital expenditure).
Alternatively it may be based on site-specific information. For example,
the repair of a recently destroyed diversion structure is unlikely to
require an EIA whilst a major new headwork structure may. Guidelines
for whether or not an EIA is required will be country specific depending
on the laws or norms in operation. Legislation often specifies the criteria
for screening and full EIA. All major donors screen projects presented
for financing to decide whether an EIA is required.
The output from the screening process is often a document called
an Initial Environmental Examination or Evaluation (IEE). The main
conclusion will be a classification of the project according to its likely
environmental sensitivity. This will determine whether an EIA is needed
and if so to what detail.