This document discusses derivational morphology and word formation in English. It covers four main types of word markers: 1) Noun markers, which form new nouns from other parts of speech like -ship and -ity. Examples include citizenship and ideology. 2) Verb markers, which form new verbs like -en and -ize. Examples include widen and modernize. 3) Adjective markers, which form new adjectives like -ic, -ous, and -ing. Examples include alcoholic, dangerous, and boring. 4) Adverb markers, which form new adverbs like -ly. An example is smoothly. The document provides examples of affixes that can derive

1. Derivations
English Morphology
Ade Sudirman, S.Pd.

2. Introduction
 Derivational
morphology is a branch of
morphology
dealing
with
wordformation. (Trask.1993)
 The process of obtaining new words by
adding affixes to existing words or stem
occurs. Affixes are bound morphemes
which can only attach to word or stem.
The
process
changes
the
new
semantically and grammatically.

3. 1. Noun Markers
Noun
is a word that names a
person, place, thing or idea
(Spears:1991).
Exp:
 Bobby;
 London;
 Board;
 Freedom.

4. Noun Markers (cont....)
 Cy
= democracy
 Ion = proclamation
 Ty = celebrity
 Ship = citizenship
 Al = proposal
 Er = teacher
 Or = actor
 Ce
= confidence
 Ing = smiling
 ate = directorate
 logy = ideology
 -0 = wish
 Ist = dentist

5. Noun Markers (cont....)
In English word-formation, a noun derives
from a noun, a verb and an adjective but
not an adverb. If a noun form is from an
identical word class, the meaning may
change but its grammatical category
remains the same.
(Noun is derived from Noun)
Company = companion;
Independence = independency;
Philosophy = philosopher;
Friend = friendship.

6. Noun Markers (cont....)

7. 2. Verb Markers
A verb is a word conveying action or a
state of being; the core of the predicate
and in modern linguistics, the core of the
sentence (Spears: 1991).
-en = widen, blacken; (adj/suffix)
-ize = harmonize, modernize; (adj/suffix)
en- = endanger, enjoy; (N/prefix)
-0 = glue, tie.(zero marking)
-en = fasten (adv/suffix)

8. 3. Adjective Marker
Adjective is a member of a group of words that
are used to modify, supplement, add to, or restrict
the meaning of nouns or nominal (Spears: 1991).
-ic = alcoholic, organic; (N/suffix)
-ous = dangerous; (N/suffix)
-ing = boring; (N/suffix)
-ed = educated; (V/suffix)
-ive = protective; (V/suffix)
-al = instrumental; (N/suffix)
-ial = influential; (adj/suffix)
-0 = black, sad.( adj/-)

9. 4. Adverb Marker
Spears (1991) argues that an adverb is a
word or phrase that modifies a verb,
adjective, another adverb and
sentence.
-ly = smoothly;
Very = very rarely;
-0 = fast, late.

11. Find out four markers of
word-formation and
their examples !!

12. The end
Thank you