This document discusses topic sentences and concluding sentences in paragraphs. It explains that a topic sentence has two parts: a topic and controlling idea. It provides examples of different types of topic sentences. The document also discusses the purpose of concluding sentences, which is to close the paragraph in a way that does not leave the reader expecting more. It notes there are three main types of concluding sentences: ones that restate the topic sentence, ones that summarize the main points, and ones that include a personal comment. Finally, the document shows an example outline format for organizing a paragraph with a topic sentence, three supporting points, and a concluding sentence.

1. Topic and Concluding Sentences
Writing IV
Ade Sudirman, S.Pd

2. How to Decide a Topic and a Controlling
Idea?
Topic sentence has two parts: a topic and controlling idea.
 Violence in America society has several causes.
 There are several causes of violence in America society.
 A good architect is both an artist and a mathematician.
 Beaches offer different pleasures to different kinds of people.
 An ideal roommate has three qualities.
 Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
 The average American teenagers consumes enormous quantities of
junk food.
 San Francisco is famous for its cosmopolitan atmosphere.

3. The Concluding Sentence
A concluding sentence closes the paragraph so that the reader is
not left expecting more.
1. It reminds the readers of the main point by restating the topic
sentence in different words:
a.
b.
In short, there is more than one way to be smart.
All year round, a beach is the place to have fun.
It summarizes the main points briefly:
2.
a.
In brief, nursing is a profession for people who are caring, organized,
calm, strong, and smart.
Sometimes writers end a paragraph by making a personal
comment:
3.
a.
With this information, I will never again feel stupid in any math class.

4. Outline Form
I choose this college for three reasons.
Topic Sentence
A. The location is convenient.
Reason (supporting sentences).
…………….(example)
2. …………….(example)
1.
The classes are small.
B.
……………. (example)
2. ……………. (example)
Reason (supporting sentences).
1.
C. The cost is affordable.
Reason (supporting sentences).
……………(example)
2. ……………(example)
I decide to attend the College of Marin because it is convenient,
Concluding Sentence
small, and affordable.
1.

5. Keep Calm!!
Thank You. . . .