This document discusses different ways to express future time in English, including: - The be going to future, which expresses intention or prediction based on present evidence. - The present continuous as future, which describes arrangements and plans that have already been made. - The future with "will", which makes predictions, expresses intentions made at the time of speaking, and indicates willingness. - The simple present as future in clauses of time and condition or when referring to fixed timetables. - The future continuous to describe future activities or events without intention. - The future perfect and perfect continuous to refer to completion of events or duration of activities by a future time.

1. Verbs
“Future Forms”
Grammar 4th Semester
Ade Sudirman, S.Pd., M.Pd

2. The be going to future
Use :
 To express intention. The speaker had the
intention before the time of speaking:
I’m going to visit Bob tomorrow.
 To make a prediction based on present
evidence:
The sun’s going down. It’s going to be
dark in half an hour.

3. Present continuous as future
Use:
To describe arrangements.
To talk about the future when the plans have
been made. It is quite informal and is used to
describe personal arrangements such as social
activities rather than official plans, so the
subject of the verb should be a person or
people not a thing:
I’m meeting Charlotte for lunch tomorrow.

4. Contrast
be going to future VS present
continuous as future
 I’m going to visit my aunt in hospital tomorrow.
 I’m visiting my aunt in hospital tomorrow.
 Look at that helicopter coming down. It’s going to
land in a minute.
 Look at that helicopter coming down. It’s landing in
a minute
 He’s having a swim.
 He’s going to have a swim.
Intention
arrangement

5. Future with “will”
Use:
 To make a statement of fact or prediction about
the future:
 Sam will be there tomorrow.
 To make formal announcements of future plans
and to present weather forecast:
 Rain will continue throughout the day.
 To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about
the future:
 I expect they’ll be here soon.

6. Future with “will” (cont…)
Use:
 In sentence containing clauses of condition or time:
 I’ll phone you when I get there
 To express an intention when the decision is made at
the time of speaking:
 Oh, isn’t there? I‘ll get some in town. I’m going there
later on.
 To express the idea of willingness:
 I’ll do it for you.
 To make offers or suggestions or to ask suggestions,
advice, instructions:
 Shall I help you with that?

7. Contrast
be going to VS will
Intention:
 Be going to : the intention is premeditated. The
decision was made before the time of speaking
or writing and plans have probably already
been made:
 A: You know it’s Emily’s birthday on Friday,
don’t you?
 B: Yes, I’m going to buy her a present at
this afternoon.

8. Intention
(cont…)
Will : the intention is unpremeditated. The
decision is made at the time of speaking or
writing.
 A: You know it’s Emily’s birthday on Friday,
don’t you?
 B: Actually I’d forgotten. Thanks for
reminding me. I’ll buy her a present this
afternoon.

9. Contrast
Prediction
 Be going to: the prediction is based on some
form of evidence that exists in the present.
 Oh look! That car is going to crush.
 Will: to express beliefs, hopes, thoughts,
assumption, and doubts about the future:
 It’ll be a difficult year for the new Prime
Minister.

10. Simple present as future
Use:
 We use simple present to refer to the future in
clauses of time and condition:
 We’ll phone you when we get there.
 Please wait here until I get back.
 We can use simple present to refer to future
events when the event is part of fixed timetable:
 The flight leaves at 6 o’clock in the morning.

11. Future Continuous
Use:
To describe an activity that will be in progress
at a point in the future.
 This tome tomorrow we’ll be sitting on the
plane.
To describe an activity that will cover the
whole of a future time period.
 I’ll be working in the office all evening.

12. Future Continuous
(cont…)
 To describe a future event without expressing
deliberate intention.
 I’ll be seeing him at the music club tonight so I’ll
give it to him for you.
 To describe what we assume someone else is
doing at this moment.
 Don’t phone her now. It’s 4 o’clock and she’ll be
collecting the children from school.

13. Contrast
future continuous VS will future
Will future:
express intention, belief, hope, assumption and
willingness.
I’ll come and visit you tomorrow.
Future continuous:
Indicates future activity or event but does not express
intention or willingness.
I’ll be coming to visit you tomorrow so I can
bring the magazine then.

14. Future Perfect and Continuous
Use:
 We use the future perfect to say that, at a certain
time in the future, something will be completed and
be in the past. It is often used with by+ time
reference:
 I’ll have finished this book by tomorrow.
 I’ll have told him the news by the time you get
here.

15. Future Perfect and Continuous
(cont…)
 We use the future perfect and continuous with for to
talk about the duration of an activity or state up to a
time in the future.
 We’ll have lived here for two years in January.
 She’ll have been working here for ten years soon.
 We use the future perfect continuous to describe an
activity leading up to a time in the future.
 They might be tired when you see them because
they’ll have been working hard.

16. Assignment 5
Practice 15, p.55;
Practice 16, p.57;
Practice 20, p. 65;
Practice 21, p. 67.
The end
Thank you