This document discusses embedded C and provides examples of control structures and algorithms used in embedded systems. It describes embedded C as a subset of C that is compatible with microcontrollers and excludes input/output functions. The development process involves writing C programs in AVR Studio, compiling to a hex file, simulating, and programming the microcontroller chip. Examples are provided for if-statements, do-while loops, for loops, and algorithms like blinking an LED. The document also demonstrates creating an AVR project in AVR Studio, coding, building, running, and burning the hex file onto the microcontroller.

1. Introduction of Embedded C and demo programs
• Development process of AVR projects
• Control structures in C
• Algorithms to be studied
• AVR studio

2. Embedded system
• An Embedded system is combination of
computer hardware and software, and
perhaps additional mechanical or others parts,
designed to perform a specific task.
• Example:
microwave oven, AC etc

3. What is Embedded C?
• Embedded C is nothing but a subset of C language which is
compatible with certain microcontrollers.
• Some features are added using header files like <avr/io.h>,
<util/delay.h>.
• scanf() and printf() are removed as the inputs are scanned
from the sensors and outputs are given to the ports.
• Control structures remain the same like if-statement, for
loop, do-while etc.

4. Development process of Embedded C projects
• Write C programs in AVR Studio.
• Compile them into a .hex file using the AVR-GCC compiler
(which integrates into AVR Studio).
• Simulate the target AVR program and debug the code within
AVR Studio.
• Program the actual chip using the AVRISP mkII USB device,
which is attached to our target board with a special 6-pin
cable.
• Once programmed, the chip runs the program in your circuit.

5. If-statement
• Syntax:
if( condition)
{
statement…….
}
else
{
statement……..
}

6. Program for if-statement
Int a=4;
Int b=5;
If(a>b)
printf(“ a is largest”);
else
printf(“ b is largest”);

7. Do- while statement
• Syntax:
Initial counter
Do
{
statement…….
update statement
}
While(condition);

8. Program for do-while
Int a=4;
Do
{
a++;
}
while(a>5);

9. For- statement
• Syntax:
For( initial counter; test condition; update stmt)
{
statement……..
statement……...
}
• Program:
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
sprintf(str, “Hello Robosapiens”);

10. Algorithms to be studied:
1. Blinking LED
2. Line follower robot
3. Edge avoider robot
4. Light searching robot
5. Wall follower robot

11. 1. Blinking LED
Program:
main()
{
DDRB=0XFF;
while(1)
{
PORTB=0XFF;
_delay_ms(255);
PORTB=0X00;
_delay_ms(255);
}

12. Creation of AVR Projects with AVR
studio

13. Home screen of AVR STUDIO

14. Naming project as Line follower

15. Selecting Platform and Device

16. Coding window

17. Building the code

18. Build and Run the code

19. How to burn the .hex file in MCU

20. Select the HID boot flash icon

21. Click on to the find device.

22. Click on the browse button to
browse the hex file.

23. Browse the file from your project folder ,
select the hex file and click open.

24. Finally click on to the write button
to burn the hex file in the MCU.

25. THANK YOU…