The TCP/IP model was developed by DARPA in the late 1970s and defines the protocols used for network communication on the internet. It has four layers - the lowest is the host to network layer which connects hosts to different networks using various protocols. Above this is the internet layer which allows data packets to be routed independently to their destination using the Internet Protocol. The transport layer segments messages and uses protocols like TCP and UDP. The highest application layer provides services that applications use for functions like file transfer, email, and web browsing.
What is the TCP-IP reference model? Comparison with OSI Model. Functions of the various layers of TCP model. Connection-oriented and connectionless services.
Video on OSI Model is here: https://youtu.be/b-JU9aWdoP8
withe exam questions
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
Many Networking Software are structured into layers in the same way, TCP/IP is modelled in layers. This layered representation represents the term protocol stack, which refers to the stacked set of rules in the protocol suite. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on TCP IP Model:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/tcp-ip-model.aspx
This slide is all about OSI model of Computer Network. It was the very first standard model for Computer Network System. In this slide I have discussed about the 7 layers of OSI model.
This slide is design for communication and computer students. students can get help from this slide about TCP/IP and protocols of internet. this slide has basic knowledge about TCP and its layers.
The TCP/IP protocol system is used by virtually every modern data network to quickly and reliably move data from node to node. This presentation covers what TCP/IP is, what it does, it’s most important features, and how it was developed.
TCP/IP model with their 4 layer
1. Network access layer.
2. Internet layer
3. Transport layer
4. Application layer
and each layer has its own protocols.
Difference between OSI Layer & TCP/IP LayerNetwax Lab
Difference between OSI Layer & TCP/IP Layer
TCP/IP OSI
It has 4 layers. It has 7 layers.
TCP/IP Protocols are considered to be standards
around which the internet has developed.
OSI Model however is a "generic, protocolindependent standard."
Follows Vertical Approach Follows Horizontal Approach
In TCP/IP Model, Transport Layer does not
Guarantees delivery of packets.
In OSI Model, Transport Layer Guarantees
delivery of packets.
What is the TCP-IP reference model? Comparison with OSI Model. Functions of the various layers of TCP model. Connection-oriented and connectionless services.
Video on OSI Model is here: https://youtu.be/b-JU9aWdoP8
withe exam questions
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
Many Networking Software are structured into layers in the same way, TCP/IP is modelled in layers. This layered representation represents the term protocol stack, which refers to the stacked set of rules in the protocol suite. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on TCP IP Model:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/tcp-ip-model.aspx
This slide is all about OSI model of Computer Network. It was the very first standard model for Computer Network System. In this slide I have discussed about the 7 layers of OSI model.
This slide is design for communication and computer students. students can get help from this slide about TCP/IP and protocols of internet. this slide has basic knowledge about TCP and its layers.
The TCP/IP protocol system is used by virtually every modern data network to quickly and reliably move data from node to node. This presentation covers what TCP/IP is, what it does, it’s most important features, and how it was developed.
TCP/IP model with their 4 layer
1. Network access layer.
2. Internet layer
3. Transport layer
4. Application layer
and each layer has its own protocols.
Difference between OSI Layer & TCP/IP LayerNetwax Lab
Difference between OSI Layer & TCP/IP Layer
TCP/IP OSI
It has 4 layers. It has 7 layers.
TCP/IP Protocols are considered to be standards
around which the internet has developed.
OSI Model however is a "generic, protocolindependent standard."
Follows Vertical Approach Follows Horizontal Approach
In TCP/IP Model, Transport Layer does not
Guarantees delivery of packets.
In OSI Model, Transport Layer Guarantees
delivery of packets.
TECHNICAL BRIEF: Using Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1 to Protect Against A...Symantec
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) pose serious challenges for organizations of all sizes. Challenges related to advanced persistent threats include cyber attacks that are designed to do anything from steal sensitive data for financial gain, corporate espionage, etc., to sabotage of critical infrastructure. These attacks are specifically targeted and are often carried out using sophisticated malware. The effectiveness of traditional file-based antivirus scanning technology is not by itself sufficient protection because a given malware associated with an APT will have extremely low prevalence, that is, will not be widely seen on the Internet. Traditional antivirus signature-based scanning is reactive in that a signature can only be written to detect a threat that has already been seen.
Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1 (SEP 12.1) includes protection technologies that go beyond traditional antivirus scanning to provide effective protection of endpoints against the sophisticated malware used by APTs. This paper provides guidelines on how to ensure that SEP protection technologies are enabled and functioning in order to provide best protection for endpoints.
The challenge of Advanced Persistent Threats
Advanced persistent threats often use malware that is difficult to detect using traditional antivirus scanning and are designed specifically to run for long periods of time without being noticed. These threats are targeted and as such do not have wide distribution on the Internet. They are generally intended for specific targets and designed to evade detection in order to steal data. The type of data that is targeted for attacks varies by attacker and target, (financial gain, usernames/passwords, intellectual property, etc.)
Even though the motives and targets used by APTs can vary greatly, they often operate in stages that are common across attacks. They are: Incursion, Discovery, Capture, and Exfiltration and are briefly described in the illustration below:
Symantec Endpoint Protection (SEP 12.1) offers advanced protection by using multiple technologies to combat many targeted attack methods that are prevalent in the current threat landscape. While this document details the configurations and best practices in the use of SEP 12.1 against modern threat vectors, these details are only part of an overall security strategy. Many organizations have some sort of endpoint security solution installed and deployed. Breaches and intrusions can occur when these technology-based safeguards are not supported by sound, realistic, and effective security processes and procedures.
- History of the Internet
- What the Internet is
- The Audience
- How does the Internet affect people?
- Why is it used?
- Advantages and disadvantages
- The value of the internet for media institutions
- Convergence
- Implications for the future
Power point presentation on osi model.
A good presentation cover all topics.
For any other type of ppt's or pdf's to be created on demand contact -dhawalm8@gmail.com
mob. no-7023419969
Internet Technology Lectures
network protocols, TCP/IP Model
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link:https://youtu.be/JgbAWAc0fDs
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
1. TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP is an abbreviation used for transmission control
protocol/Internet Protocol.
It was developed by Defence Advance Research Projects
Agency (ARPA, later DARPA) in late 1970's.
It is a set of communications protocol. It contains sets and
procedures for dealing with packet transport, media access,
session communication, file transfer, email and terminal
emulation.
2. The current internet is based on TCP/IP reference model.
The model was defined by keeping following goals in mind.
(i) The network should connect multiple networks
together.
(ii) The connection should withstand till the source and
destination machines are functioning.
(iii) The architecture should be so flexible that it should
be able to transfer data among different hardware and/or
software platforms.
3.
4. Host to Network Layer
This is the lowest layer in TCP/IP reference model. The
functioning of this layer is generally different in different
networks. The main job of this layer is to inform the upper
layers about when the host is connected to the network; so
that they could start sending the data packets.
There are various networks like ARPANET, SATNET, X-25,
ATM, ETHERNET, Token ring etc. into existence. The host
has to connect to the network using some protocol, so that
it can send the IP packet over it. Protocols used in this
layer also vary from host to host and network to network.
5. Internet Layer
The functioning of internet layer of TCP/IP model is same
as the functioning of network layer of oSI model. At this
layer the Internet Protocol (IP) is used. The task of this
layer is to allow the host to insert packets into any
network and then make them travel independently to the
destination. The order in which the packets are received
can be different from the sequence in which they were
sent. Then the higher layers are supposed to arrange
them in the proper order. So routing of packets and
congestion control are important issues related to this
layer.
6. Main functions of the internet layer are
1. Internetworking
2. Addressing
3. Routing
4. Packetizing
5. Data Switching
6. Congestion Control etc.
7. Transport layer
The transport layer is situated above the internet layer of
TCP model. The functioning of this layer is same as the
functioning of transport layer in OSI model. In this layer,
the byte stream is divided into message and these
messages are passed on to the internet layer. The
transport layer provides the services like segmentation and
fragmentation of messages. It also handles the flow control
so that a fast sender should not overflow a slow receiver.
8. The protocols used in this layer are
1) TCP :It is a reliable connection oriented protocol. It allows a
byte stream transmitted from one machine to be delivered to
the other machine without introducing any errors. TCP also
handles the flow control.
2) UDP: (User Datagram Protocol) It is an unreliable,
connectionless protocol and used for the applications which do
not want the TCP's sequencing or flow control. It is used in
transmitting speech or video.
9. Main functions of transport layer are:
1. Segmenting and reassembly
2. Sequence Numbering
3. Connection control
4. Flow control
5. Error control
6. Multiplexing
10. Application Layer
This is the topmost layer of TCP/IP layer. It is the layer
seen by the application program and hence is user oriented
layer which provides services to support end user of
network directly. A message or data to be sent across
network enters the TCP/IP model at this point and then
travels down ward into then through transmission line unto
host-to-network layer of destination & then upwards up to
application layer of receiver end system. It provides
services that directly support user applications such as
database access, email and file transfer.
11. This layer uses the various protocol to transfer the data
between applications. Some common protocol used in this
layer are:
(a) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
FTP is used for file transfer between inter network nodes.
b) SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol)
It is used for exchanging e-mail.
c)Telnet
It is used for remote terminal emulation. It enables user to
access hostbased
applications by emulating one of the
host's terminals. Telnet provides connectivity between
dissimilar operating systems. Telnet is a general purpose
client-server application program.
12. d) DNS (Domain Name Systems)
The DNS is used to convert the domain name into the IP
addresses. To identify an entity, TCP/IP protocol use the
IP address which uniquely identify the connection of a
host to the internet. However, people prefer to use name
instead of addresses. Therefore DNS maps a name to an
address and conversely.
(e) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is an internet protocol designed for a specific
application, the World Wide Web (WWW).