This document outlines the syllabus for an Electrical Distribution Systems course, including course objectives, outcomes, textbooks, and content of each unit. The course objectives are to study various factors of distribution systems, design substations and feeders, determine voltage drop and power loss, understand protection and coordination, and the effects of compensation and voltage control. The 6 units cover general concepts, substation design, system analysis, protection and coordination, power factor improvement through compensation, and voltage control. The objectives are for students to understand distribution systems, design components, perform analyses, and apply concepts like protection, compensation and control.
Electrical Substation and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
As the fifth in a series of tutorials on the power system, Leonardo ENERGY introduces its minute lecture on voltage and frequency control, using the analogy of a metal/rubber plate to demonstrate the centralised nature of frequency control, whereas voltage control is more a local matter.
Electrical power distribution system essentially is the system that receives power from one or more points of power supply and then distributes it over to different electrical equipment individually.
Electrical Substation and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
As the fifth in a series of tutorials on the power system, Leonardo ENERGY introduces its minute lecture on voltage and frequency control, using the analogy of a metal/rubber plate to demonstrate the centralised nature of frequency control, whereas voltage control is more a local matter.
Electrical power distribution system essentially is the system that receives power from one or more points of power supply and then distributes it over to different electrical equipment individually.
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Electrical Maintenance for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
We have taken all the latest techniques and know-how relating to electrical maintenance and distilled this hard-hitting workshop so that you can update yourself in this fast-moving and powerful area. This workshop will also update you with the latest information on the maintenance and installation aspects of cables, substations and switchgear, transformers, circuit breakers and motors. You will become familiar with the latest techniques in safety operations of the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
The section on Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM) within the program cover the key aspects of EPM and its benefits. The electrical drawing and schematics area discusses the various types of drawings logic diagrams, ladder diagrams, cabling and wiring diagrams etc.
Safety is a very important aspect of electrical maintenance and equipment needs to be inspected and maintained according to the relevant international regulations. In this workshop the basic concepts related to safety rules and hazards are covered in detail with a separate section on inspection procedures.
Special focus has been given to the maintenance and asset management of switchgear.We also look at the testing procedures for major electrical equipment. A separate section is dedicated to covering special aspects of the installation of large power transformers and fire protection measures taken while installing them. A section on troubleshooting of transformers is also included.
This course also covers the new approaches of fault finding, maintenance, testing and troubleshooting of electric motors. As well as a section on installation and fault detection for cables.
Grounding techniques, types of faults and their effects, effects of inadequate grounding and inspection, concepts of SCADA, testing and maintenance of SCADA are covered in detail. We have also focused on issues with power quality, the role of the UPS in maintaining power quality, installation and maintenance of UPS, types of relays and relay maintenance.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Consulting engineers
Design engineers
Designers
Electrical engineers
Electronic technicians
Instrumentation and control engineers/technicians
Plant managers
Process control engineers
System engineers
System integrators
Test engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-maintenance-engineers-and-technicians-25
SYSTEM NEUTRAL EARTHING
-DEFINITION OF SYSTEM EARTHING
-Comparative Performance For Various Conditions Using Different Earthing Methods
-EQUIPMENT SIZING
- APPENDIX FOR TYPICAL EARTHING TRANSFORMER SIZING
- APPENDIX GIVING GUIDELINE FOR SIZING OF COMMON BUS CONNECTED MEDIUM RESISTANCE EARTHING
Power system analysis ETAP. The power system analysis is the field of electrical engineering that focuses on multiple aspects of system studies. It encompasses studies such as load flow, arc flash, short circuit, relay coordination, motor starting study, transient analysis etc.
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Electrical Maintenance for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
We have taken all the latest techniques and know-how relating to electrical maintenance and distilled this hard-hitting workshop so that you can update yourself in this fast-moving and powerful area. This workshop will also update you with the latest information on the maintenance and installation aspects of cables, substations and switchgear, transformers, circuit breakers and motors. You will become familiar with the latest techniques in safety operations of the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
The section on Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM) within the program cover the key aspects of EPM and its benefits. The electrical drawing and schematics area discusses the various types of drawings logic diagrams, ladder diagrams, cabling and wiring diagrams etc.
Safety is a very important aspect of electrical maintenance and equipment needs to be inspected and maintained according to the relevant international regulations. In this workshop the basic concepts related to safety rules and hazards are covered in detail with a separate section on inspection procedures.
Special focus has been given to the maintenance and asset management of switchgear.We also look at the testing procedures for major electrical equipment. A separate section is dedicated to covering special aspects of the installation of large power transformers and fire protection measures taken while installing them. A section on troubleshooting of transformers is also included.
This course also covers the new approaches of fault finding, maintenance, testing and troubleshooting of electric motors. As well as a section on installation and fault detection for cables.
Grounding techniques, types of faults and their effects, effects of inadequate grounding and inspection, concepts of SCADA, testing and maintenance of SCADA are covered in detail. We have also focused on issues with power quality, the role of the UPS in maintaining power quality, installation and maintenance of UPS, types of relays and relay maintenance.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Consulting engineers
Design engineers
Designers
Electrical engineers
Electronic technicians
Instrumentation and control engineers/technicians
Plant managers
Process control engineers
System engineers
System integrators
Test engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-maintenance-engineers-and-technicians-25
SYSTEM NEUTRAL EARTHING
-DEFINITION OF SYSTEM EARTHING
-Comparative Performance For Various Conditions Using Different Earthing Methods
-EQUIPMENT SIZING
- APPENDIX FOR TYPICAL EARTHING TRANSFORMER SIZING
- APPENDIX GIVING GUIDELINE FOR SIZING OF COMMON BUS CONNECTED MEDIUM RESISTANCE EARTHING
Power system analysis ETAP. The power system analysis is the field of electrical engineering that focuses on multiple aspects of system studies. It encompasses studies such as load flow, arc flash, short circuit, relay coordination, motor starting study, transient analysis etc.
Various Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement A Reviewijtsrd
Power electronic devices form a major part in today’s industrial and household applications. However, the power quality of these devices is highly degraded due to lot of reasons including voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonics, transients, voltage imbalance, and many more. These voltage disturbances lead to maximum failures in electrical distribution systems. In this review paper, various techniques including both network reconfiguring and compensating type devices are discussed to ameliorate the power quality in the distribution systems. Various power quality issues and their characteristics have been depicted. Some of the techniques discussed to improve the power quality in distribution systems which include filters, unified power quality conditioner UPQC , dynamic voltage restorer DVR , and distribution static synchronous compensator D STATCOM . The design parameters and implementation of these techniques in electrical machines are also discussed. Mukesh Chandra Rav | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Various Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49829.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49829/various-custom-power-devices-for-power-quality-improvement-a-review/mukesh-chandra-rav
Fault analysis in power system using power systems computer aided designIJAAS Team
This work presents a fault analysis simulation model of an IEEE 30 bus system in a distribution network. This work annalysed the effect of fault current and fault voltage in a distribution system. A circuit breaker was introduced into the system to neutralize the effect of the fault. The system was run on a PSCAD software and results were obtained. The system was monitored based on the start time and the end time of the fault and how well the circuit breaker reacts with those times. Fault occurred from 0.100 to 0.300 seconds before it was removed. At the time fault was not applied (i.e. from 0.00 to 0.100 and from 0.300 to 0.72), the circuit breaker was close and became open when fault was applied so as to cut off current flow through the line.The result obtained gave the disruption caused by the fault and the quick response of the circuit breaker in neutralizing it. Results gotten are based on when the circuit breaker is close and no fault is applied and when the circuit breaker is open due to fault. From this work, it was obtained that circuit breakers are very essential in system protection and reliability.
Analysis of Voltage Sag on Power Distribution Networks with Different Transfo...paperpublications3
Abstract: In present era, power engineers need to plan the power system design in such a way that the system can sustain its Power Quality (PQ) even after facing all the above said problems. Along with that the system should also be compatible with the increasing demand of power supply. Quality of power depends on the system design, reliability and efficiency so study of PQD is important. PQD affects industrial as well as large commercial customers. Voltage sag is also referred as voltage dip. Voltage dip is the term given by IEC while the term "voltage sag" (VS) is used by North American power quality commission. VS creates disturbance in the pure sinusoidal waveform of voltage which in turn deteriorates the power quality of the system. VS occur for very short duration of 0.5 to 30 cycles. It is decrease in RMS voltage of about 90 % to 10 % of nominal voltage. Although VS occurs for very short duration but its effects deteriorates system with time decreases life period of the system. The present work is an attempt to analyse the voltage sag on power distribution network with different transformer connections. The field specifications obtained are used in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are discussed.
Capacitive compensation for power–factor control
Different types of power capacitors
shunt and series capacitors
Effect of shunt capacitors (Fixed and switched)
Power factor correction
Capacitor allocation
Economic justification
Procedure to determine the best capacitor location.
Introduction to distribution systems,
Load modeling and characteristics
Coincidence factor
Contribution factor loss factor
Relationship between the load factor and loss factor
Classification of loads (Residential, commercial, Agricultural and Industrial) and their characteristics.
Voltage drop and power–loss calculations:
Derivation for voltage drop and power loss in lines
Uniformly distributed loads and non-uniformly distributed loads
Numerical problems
Three phase balanced primary lines
EDS Unit 4 (Protection and Coordination).pptxDr. Rohit Babu
Protection:
Objectives of distribution system protection
Types of common faults and procedure for fault calculations
Protective devices: Principle of operation of fuses Circuit reclosures
Line sectionalizes and circuit breakers.
Coordination:
Coordination of protective devices: General coordination procedure
Residual current circuit breaker RCCB (Wikipedia).
Voltage drop and power–loss calculations:
Derivation for voltage drop and power loss in lines
Uniformly distributed loads and non-uniformly distributed loads
Numerical problems
Three phase balanced primary lines
PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGE AND GROUNDING Part 2Dr. Rohit Babu
Grounded and ungrounded neutral systems
Effects of ungrounded neutral on system performance
Methods of neutral grounding
Solid
Resistance
Reactance
Arcing grounds and grounding Practices
PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGE AND GROUNDING Part 1Dr. Rohit Babu
Generation of overvoltages in power systems
Protection against lightning overvoltages
Valve type and zinc oxide lightning arresters
Insulation coordination
BIL
Impulse ratio
Standard impulse test wave
Volt-time characteristics
Grounded and ungrounded neutral systems
Effects of ungrounded neutral on system performance
Methods of neutral grounding
Solid
Resistance
Reactance
Arcing grounds and grounding Practices
PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGE AND GROUNDINGDr. Rohit Babu
Generation of overvoltages in power systems
Protection against lightning overvoltages
Valve type and zinc oxide lightning arresters
Insulation coordination
BIL
Impulse ratio
Standard impulse test wave
Volt-time characteristics
Grounded and ungrounded neutral systems
Effects of ungrounded neutral on system performance
Methods of neutral grounding
Solid
Resistance
Reactance
Arcing grounds and grounding Practices
Protection of lines
Overcurrent Protection schemes
PSM, TMS
Numerical examples
Carrier current and three-zone distance relay using impedance relays
Protection of bus bars by using Differential protection
Generator and Transformer Protection (PART 1)Dr. Rohit Babu
Part 1. Generator Protection
Protection of generators against stator faults
Rotor faults and abnormal conditions
Restricted earth fault and inter-turn fault protection
Numerical examples
Relays classification–Instantaneous– DMT and IDMT types– Applications of relays: Over current and under voltage relays– Directional relays– Differential relays and percentage differential relays
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Governing Equations for Fundamental Aerodynamics_Anderson2010.pdf
Electrical Distribution Systems: Syllabus
1. LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Jonnada, Andhra Pradesh- 535005
Electrical Distribution Systems (EDS)
(IV-II)
SYLLABUS (UNIT WISE)
OBJECTIVES
OUTCOMES
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
2. COURSE OBJECTIVES
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
To study different factors of Distribution system.
To study and design the substations and distribution systems.
To study the determination of voltage drop and power loss.
To study the distribution system protection and its coordination.
To study the effect of compensation on p.f improvement.
To study the effect of voltage control on distribution system.
3. COURSE OUTCOMES
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Able to understand the various factors of distribution system.
Able to design the substation and feeders.
Able to determine the voltage drop and power loss
Able to understand the protection and its coordination.
Able to understand the effect of compensation on p.f improvement.
Able to understand the effect of voltage, current distribution system
performance.
4. BOOKS FOR SGP
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Text Book
•“Electric Power Distribution system, Engineering” – by TuranGonen,
McGraw–hill Book Company.
Reference Books
•Electrical Distribution Systems by Dale R.Patrick and Stephen W.Fardo,
CRC press
•Electric Power Distribution – by A.S. Pabla, Tata McGraw–hill Publishing
company, 4th edition, 1997.
•Electrical Power Distribution Systems by V.Kamaraju, Right Publishers.
5. UNIT–I: General Concepts
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Introduction to distribution systems, Load modeling and characteristics
Coincidence factor
Contribution factor loss factor
Relationship between the load factor and loss factor
Classification of loads (Residential, commercial, Agricultural and
Industrial) and their characteristics.
6. UNIT–II: Substations
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Location of substations:
Rating of distribution substation
Service area within primary feeders
Benefits derived through optimal location of substations.
Distribution Feeders Design Considerations of distribution feeders:
Radial and loop types of primary feeders
Voltage levels
Feeder loading
Basic design practice of the secondary distribution system.
7. UNIT–III: System Analysis
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Voltage drop and power–loss calculations:
Derivation for voltage drop and power loss in lines
Manual methods of solution for radial networks
Three phase balanced primary lines
8. UNIT–IV
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Protection:
Objectives of distribution system protection
Types of common faults and procedure for fault calculations
Protective devices: Principle of operation of fuses Circuit reclosures
Line sectionalizes and circuit breakers.
Coordination:
Coordination of protective devices: General coordination procedure
Residual current circuit breaker RCCB (Wikipedia).
9. UNIT–V: Compensation for Power Factor Improvement
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Capacitive compensation for power–factor control
Different types of power capacitors
shunt and series capacitors
Effect of shunt capacitors (Fixed and switched)
Power factor correction
Capacitor allocation
Economic justification
Procedure to determine the best capacitor location.
10. UNIT–VI: Voltage Control
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Equipment for voltage control
Effect of series capacitors
Effect of AVB/AVR
Line drop compensation.
11. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Thank
you
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
