Power electronic devices form a major part in today’s industrial and household applications. However, the power quality of these devices is highly degraded due to lot of reasons including voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonics, transients, voltage imbalance, and many more. These voltage disturbances lead to maximum failures in electrical distribution systems. In this review paper, various techniques including both network reconfiguring and compensating type devices are discussed to ameliorate the power quality in the distribution systems. Various power quality issues and their characteristics have been depicted. Some of the techniques discussed to improve the power quality in distribution systems which include filters, unified power quality conditioner UPQC , dynamic voltage restorer DVR , and distribution static synchronous compensator D STATCOM . The design parameters and implementation of these techniques in electrical machines are also discussed. Mukesh Chandra Rav | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Various Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49829.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49829/various-custom-power-devices-for-power-quality-improvement-a-review/mukesh-chandra-rav
Optimization Technique for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM Neural Ne...ijtsrd
As the power demand has been increasing rapidly, power generation and transmission are being affected due to limited resources, environmental restrictions and other losses. soft computing the techniques of correcting the supply voltage sag, swell and interruption in a distributed system. At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers, which capitalize on newly available power electronics components, are emerging for custom power applications. Power electronic based equipment aimed at enhancing the reliability and quality of power flows in low voltage distribution networks. A control algorithm is used for the extraction of the fundamental weighted value of active and reactive power components. Using digital signal processor the DSTATCOM is developed and its performance of DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for various types of loads. Hareram Mishra | Manju Gupta | Dr. Anuprita Mishra "Optimization Technique for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach) – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45219.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45219/optimization-technique-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach- – -a-review/hareram-mishra
To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques ...ijtsrd
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil, traditional electricity generation has a difficult task for utilities. A cheaper and more efficient method of doing this is required. A different source is required to fulfill the consumers power requirements. The alternate source should be sustainable and capable of meeting the consumers requirements. The integration of renewable energy into the grid is a useful way to fulfill demand. Renewable energy integration confronts three major problems frequency variation, power quality concerns, and power system instability. The following problems were of critical importance. An analytic hierarchy approach based expert system is utilized to identify and categorize power quality incidents. Before, it could sense things like sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interrupts, and flickers. An error free event classification system has been suggested. Simplified procedure allows for improved detection and categorization of power quality incidents. an investigation of power quality incidents and their mitigation using unified power quality conditioners UPQC An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is used to minimize various power quality issues. Integrating renewable energy sources efficiently minimizes the environmental impact. The suggested method provides a solution to voltage unbalances and lowers overall harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling PCC . The addition of an ANFIS controlled DVR is used to reduce voltage irregularities caused by integrating renewable energy sources and faults in the transmission line. An artificial fault was added to power quality events with the goal of making use of renewable energy. To minimize the adverse effects of power quality incidents, the ANFIS controlled DVR proposal is in place. ANFIS controlled DVR is contrasted to a traditional technique of surveillance. Distributed static compensator D STATCOM is used to prevent voltage flickers, and total harmonic distortion, caused by nonlinear loads. D STATCOM is suggested to use three control methods Instantaneous power theory, Synchronous vector PI Control, and Harmonic elimination. Under extreme load circumstances, the D efficacy STATCOMs is evaluated. The suggested expert system and the bespoke power devices will be analyzed and discussed using various control techniques. Raj Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49300.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49300/to-study-and-implement-power-quality-issues-and-power-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/raj-kumar
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systemsijtsrd
This paper discusses the power quality issues of the power of distributed production systems renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. This paper provides an in depth study of the energy quality of energy systems, including those using renewable energy sources. Learn more about energy quality monitoring strategies and potential energy quality solutions. Next, we will analyse how to reduce these problems with custom power systems like D STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, TVSS, DVR, in microgrid systems. In renewable energy systems, STATCOM has many benefits for and it may be a possible choice, but rotating repositories can improve the quality of power of traditional systems. Finally, in check the power quality of the DC system. The simplified structure and improved reliability are two main advantages of DC systems, but they also address other power quality issues such as Stability and error detection. It incorporates mitigation technologies such as static power supply, flexible power detection, filters, flexible compensation, power storage systems, flexible AC transmission systems, and transformers. Leading international processes in accordance with IEEE rules should be applied to the grid to achieve optimal energy quality. MD Awesh Alam | Javed Ashraf "Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50444.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50444/mitigation-of-power-quality-issues-in-distributed-generation-systems/md-awesh-alam
Voltage sag mitigation using supercapacitor based dynamic voltage restorereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization Technique for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM Neural Ne...ijtsrd
As the power demand has been increasing rapidly, power generation and transmission are being affected due to limited resources, environmental restrictions and other losses. soft computing the techniques of correcting the supply voltage sag, swell and interruption in a distributed system. At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers, which capitalize on newly available power electronics components, are emerging for custom power applications. Power electronic based equipment aimed at enhancing the reliability and quality of power flows in low voltage distribution networks. A control algorithm is used for the extraction of the fundamental weighted value of active and reactive power components. Using digital signal processor the DSTATCOM is developed and its performance of DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for various types of loads. Hareram Mishra | Manju Gupta | Dr. Anuprita Mishra "Optimization Technique for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach) – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45219.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45219/optimization-technique-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach- – -a-review/hareram-mishra
To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques ...ijtsrd
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil, traditional electricity generation has a difficult task for utilities. A cheaper and more efficient method of doing this is required. A different source is required to fulfill the consumers power requirements. The alternate source should be sustainable and capable of meeting the consumers requirements. The integration of renewable energy into the grid is a useful way to fulfill demand. Renewable energy integration confronts three major problems frequency variation, power quality concerns, and power system instability. The following problems were of critical importance. An analytic hierarchy approach based expert system is utilized to identify and categorize power quality incidents. Before, it could sense things like sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interrupts, and flickers. An error free event classification system has been suggested. Simplified procedure allows for improved detection and categorization of power quality incidents. an investigation of power quality incidents and their mitigation using unified power quality conditioners UPQC An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is used to minimize various power quality issues. Integrating renewable energy sources efficiently minimizes the environmental impact. The suggested method provides a solution to voltage unbalances and lowers overall harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling PCC . The addition of an ANFIS controlled DVR is used to reduce voltage irregularities caused by integrating renewable energy sources and faults in the transmission line. An artificial fault was added to power quality events with the goal of making use of renewable energy. To minimize the adverse effects of power quality incidents, the ANFIS controlled DVR proposal is in place. ANFIS controlled DVR is contrasted to a traditional technique of surveillance. Distributed static compensator D STATCOM is used to prevent voltage flickers, and total harmonic distortion, caused by nonlinear loads. D STATCOM is suggested to use three control methods Instantaneous power theory, Synchronous vector PI Control, and Harmonic elimination. Under extreme load circumstances, the D efficacy STATCOMs is evaluated. The suggested expert system and the bespoke power devices will be analyzed and discussed using various control techniques. Raj Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49300.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49300/to-study-and-implement-power-quality-issues-and-power-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/raj-kumar
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systemsijtsrd
This paper discusses the power quality issues of the power of distributed production systems renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. This paper provides an in depth study of the energy quality of energy systems, including those using renewable energy sources. Learn more about energy quality monitoring strategies and potential energy quality solutions. Next, we will analyse how to reduce these problems with custom power systems like D STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, TVSS, DVR, in microgrid systems. In renewable energy systems, STATCOM has many benefits for and it may be a possible choice, but rotating repositories can improve the quality of power of traditional systems. Finally, in check the power quality of the DC system. The simplified structure and improved reliability are two main advantages of DC systems, but they also address other power quality issues such as Stability and error detection. It incorporates mitigation technologies such as static power supply, flexible power detection, filters, flexible compensation, power storage systems, flexible AC transmission systems, and transformers. Leading international processes in accordance with IEEE rules should be applied to the grid to achieve optimal energy quality. MD Awesh Alam | Javed Ashraf "Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50444.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50444/mitigation-of-power-quality-issues-in-distributed-generation-systems/md-awesh-alam
Voltage sag mitigation using supercapacitor based dynamic voltage restorereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques Using Cus...ijtsrd
Traditional power production has become challenging for utilities due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil. This must be done in a less expensive and more efficient manner. To meet the consumers power needs, a new source is needed. The alternative source should be sustainable and capable of fulfilling the needs of the customer. The incorporation of renewable energy into the grid is a helpful method of meeting demand. The integration of renewable energy has three main challenges frequency fluctuation, power quality issues, and power system instability. The following issues were critical in nature. An expert system based on an analytic hierarchy method is used to detect and classify power quality issues. Previously, it could detect sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interruptions, and flickers. A method for categorizing events that is error free has been proposed. The streamlined process provides for more accurate identification and classification of power quality issues. an examination of power quality issues and their mitigation via the use of unified power quality conditioners UPQC To reduce different power quality problems, an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is employed. Using renewable energy sources effectively reduces environmental impact. The proposed technique corrects voltage imbalances and reduces overall harmonic distortion at the point of common connection PCC . The installation of an ANFIS controlled DVR is utilized to minimize voltage fluctuations induced by the integration of renewable energy sources and transmission line failures. With the aim of using renewable energy, a fake fault was introduced to power quality events. The ANFIS controlled DVR plan is in place to mitigate the negative impacts of power quality events. ANFIS controlled DVR is compared to a conventional surveillance method. Nonlinear loads generate voltage flickers and total harmonic distortion, therefore a distributed static compensator D STATCOM is employed to avoid these. It is recommended that D STATCOM use three control methods instantaneous power theory, synchronous vector PI control, and harmonic elimination. The D efficacy of STATCOMs is tested under severe load conditions. Various control methods will be used to evaluate and debate the proposed expert system and customized power devices. Rahul Gokhle | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46380.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46380/analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/rahul-gokhle
Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in grids. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient utilization of electric system. There are some drawbacks of FACTS devices. These drawbacks can be fulfilled by using new compound, scalable, light weighted and cost effective devices that are distributed-FACTS (D-FACTS). D-FACTS controllers are distributed version of conventional lumped FACTS controllers and their cost is low due to lower ratings of component and reliability also increases due to redundancy of devices. The Enhanced Power Flow Controller (EPFC) is a D-FACTS controller which is distributed version of thyristor controlled series controller. DPFC controllers are used in series at small distance gap at every 5-10 km distance with transmission line to control the power flow. This paper discusses extensive review of the DPFC controller and its application in modern power system era. Zeba Akram"A comprehensive review on D-FACTS devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11649.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11649/a-comprehensive-review-on-d-facts-devices/zeba-akram
Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Custom Power Devices: A Reviewijeei-iaes
Electrical power quality (EPQ) in distribution systems is a critical issue for commercial, industrial and residential applications. The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review on D-STATCOM, DVR and UPQC to solve the electrical power quality problems of the distribution networks. This is intended to present a broad overview of the various possible DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC configurations for single-phase (two wire) and three-phase (three-wire and four-wire) networks and control strategies for the compensation of various power quality disturbances. Apart from this, comprehensive explanation, comparison, and discussion on D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC are presented. This paper is aimed to explore a broad prospective on the status of D-STATCOMs, DVRs, and UPQCs to researchers, engineers and the community dealing with the power quality enhancement. A classified list of some latest research publications on the topic is also appended for a quick reference.
A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTAT...ijtsrd
As demand for electricity has risen exponentially, power production and transmission are affected by scarce energy, environmental constraints and other losses. Soft computing methods to fix the sag, swell and disruption of the supply voltage in the distributed device. At present, a broad variety of highly versatile controls that leverage on newly available power electronics components are evolving for custom power applications. Control electronic equipment intended to improve the stability and efficiency of electricity flows in low voltage distribution networks. The control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components. Using a digital signal processor, DSTATCOM is built and its output as a DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for different types of loads. Amit Radhakrishna Parhad | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42403/a-review-on-optimization-techniques-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach/amit-radhakrishna-parhad
Grid Connected PV System with Power Quality Improvement Using Intelligent Con...IJMTST Journal
The depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the global warming effects has led the world to think
seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to
the distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. But use of power electronic
converters and non-linear loads like at distribution level injects harmonics, which intern cause power quality
problems. Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is very popular in compensating power problems for
nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Any change in the load affects the DC-link voltage (DCLV) directly.
Conventionally, a PI controller is used to maintain the DCLV to the reference value, but its transient response
is poor. So, fuzzy logic controller is proposed which shows better dynamic response. To trigger inverter HCC
is used. The proposed inverter with the control when connected to wind energy, helps the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced linear load to the grid.
With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated
here.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
The power quality issue will take new dimension due to power system restructuring and shifting trend towards
distributed generation. Huge loss in terms of time and money has made power quality problems a major anxiety for modern
industries with non-linear loads in electrical power system. Power quality consists of a large number of disturbances such
as voltage sags, swells, harmonics, notch, flicker, etc. Power quality problems can be mitigated by many methods but most
appropriate solution to mitigate these problems is FACTS devices. In this paper a brief survey of FACTS devices are
presented which are used to mitigate power quality problems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithmijtsrd
This paper proposes an immune feedback control algorithm for a three phase distribution static compensator DSTATCOM to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. In this application, the proposed control algorithm on a DSTATCOM is implemented for the compensation of nonlinear loads. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. P. Thirumala | K. Mahesh "Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29812/power-quality-enhancement-using-dstatcom-by-immune-feedback-control-algorithm/p-thirumala
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Traditional power production has become challenging for utilities due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil. This must be done in a less expensive and more efficient manner. To meet the consumers power needs, a new source is needed. The alternative source should be sustainable and capable of fulfilling the needs of the customer. The incorporation of renewable energy into the grid is a helpful method of meeting demand. The integration of renewable energy has three main challenges frequency fluctuation, power quality issues, and power system instability. The following issues were critical in nature. An expert system based on an analytic hierarchy method is used to detect and classify power quality issues. Previously, it could detect sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interruptions, and flickers. A method for categorizing events that is error free has been proposed. The streamlined process provides for more accurate identification and classification of power quality issues. an examination of power quality issues and their mitigation via the use of unified power quality conditioners UPQC To reduce different power quality problems, an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is employed. Using renewable energy sources effectively reduces environmental impact. The proposed technique corrects voltage imbalances and reduces overall harmonic distortion at the point of common connection PCC . The installation of an ANFIS controlled DVR is utilized to minimize voltage fluctuations induced by the integration of renewable energy sources and transmission line failures. With the aim of using renewable energy, a fake fault was introduced to power quality events. The ANFIS controlled DVR plan is in place to mitigate the negative impacts of power quality events. ANFIS controlled DVR is compared to a conventional surveillance method. Nonlinear loads generate voltage flickers and total harmonic distortion, therefore a distributed static compensator D STATCOM is employed to avoid these. It is recommended that D STATCOM use three control methods instantaneous power theory, synchronous vector PI control, and harmonic elimination. The D efficacy of STATCOMs is tested under severe load conditions. Various control methods will be used to evaluate and debate the proposed expert system and customized power devices. Rahul Gokhle | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46380.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46380/analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/rahul-gokhle
Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in grids. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient utilization of electric system. There are some drawbacks of FACTS devices. These drawbacks can be fulfilled by using new compound, scalable, light weighted and cost effective devices that are distributed-FACTS (D-FACTS). D-FACTS controllers are distributed version of conventional lumped FACTS controllers and their cost is low due to lower ratings of component and reliability also increases due to redundancy of devices. The Enhanced Power Flow Controller (EPFC) is a D-FACTS controller which is distributed version of thyristor controlled series controller. DPFC controllers are used in series at small distance gap at every 5-10 km distance with transmission line to control the power flow. This paper discusses extensive review of the DPFC controller and its application in modern power system era. Zeba Akram"A comprehensive review on D-FACTS devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11649.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11649/a-comprehensive-review-on-d-facts-devices/zeba-akram
Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Custom Power Devices: A Reviewijeei-iaes
Electrical power quality (EPQ) in distribution systems is a critical issue for commercial, industrial and residential applications. The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review on D-STATCOM, DVR and UPQC to solve the electrical power quality problems of the distribution networks. This is intended to present a broad overview of the various possible DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC configurations for single-phase (two wire) and three-phase (three-wire and four-wire) networks and control strategies for the compensation of various power quality disturbances. Apart from this, comprehensive explanation, comparison, and discussion on D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC are presented. This paper is aimed to explore a broad prospective on the status of D-STATCOMs, DVRs, and UPQCs to researchers, engineers and the community dealing with the power quality enhancement. A classified list of some latest research publications on the topic is also appended for a quick reference.
A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTAT...ijtsrd
As demand for electricity has risen exponentially, power production and transmission are affected by scarce energy, environmental constraints and other losses. Soft computing methods to fix the sag, swell and disruption of the supply voltage in the distributed device. At present, a broad variety of highly versatile controls that leverage on newly available power electronics components are evolving for custom power applications. Control electronic equipment intended to improve the stability and efficiency of electricity flows in low voltage distribution networks. The control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components. Using a digital signal processor, DSTATCOM is built and its output as a DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for different types of loads. Amit Radhakrishna Parhad | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42403/a-review-on-optimization-techniques-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach/amit-radhakrishna-parhad
Grid Connected PV System with Power Quality Improvement Using Intelligent Con...IJMTST Journal
The depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the global warming effects has led the world to think
seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to
the distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. But use of power electronic
converters and non-linear loads like at distribution level injects harmonics, which intern cause power quality
problems. Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is very popular in compensating power problems for
nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Any change in the load affects the DC-link voltage (DCLV) directly.
Conventionally, a PI controller is used to maintain the DCLV to the reference value, but its transient response
is poor. So, fuzzy logic controller is proposed which shows better dynamic response. To trigger inverter HCC
is used. The proposed inverter with the control when connected to wind energy, helps the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced linear load to the grid.
With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated
here.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
The power quality issue will take new dimension due to power system restructuring and shifting trend towards
distributed generation. Huge loss in terms of time and money has made power quality problems a major anxiety for modern
industries with non-linear loads in electrical power system. Power quality consists of a large number of disturbances such
as voltage sags, swells, harmonics, notch, flicker, etc. Power quality problems can be mitigated by many methods but most
appropriate solution to mitigate these problems is FACTS devices. In this paper a brief survey of FACTS devices are
presented which are used to mitigate power quality problems.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithmijtsrd
This paper proposes an immune feedback control algorithm for a three phase distribution static compensator DSTATCOM to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. In this application, the proposed control algorithm on a DSTATCOM is implemented for the compensation of nonlinear loads. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. P. Thirumala | K. Mahesh "Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29812/power-quality-enhancement-using-dstatcom-by-immune-feedback-control-algorithm/p-thirumala
Similar to Various Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement A Review (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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devices have been made attainable to give least
deformity in power supply by the means of power
electronics controller devices such as custom power
devices. Custom power devices are most widely
employed in operation with addition to power
distribution system to supply adequate power as
demanded by the sensitive users [7, 8]. Voltage
source inverter custom power devices are used in
distribution unit as it has large dc capacitor and self-
supporting dc bus voltage. Custom power devices are
organized into two categories, i.e. network
configuring type and compensating type. Custom
power devices are used in applications of electrical
machines. FACTS devices have utilization in
transmission levels which are used to modulate the
power flow. The high voltage side of any network is
controlled by FACTS for enhancing the power flow
through various power electronic devices.
Corresponding to FACTS devices, a CPD
comprehends the usage of higher power electronic
controller at distribution level in industrial
commercial and residential supply ends The FACTS
controllers used in the distribution system to improve
PQ is known as custom power devices (CPD).Custom
power devices have their applications in distribution
systems which allow them to concentrate on the
quality of power flow and reliability of the system.
The amenity of CPD harmonizes (well coordinated)
with solitary application for which it is designed at
low voltages i.e. UPS. Custom power devices
illustrate that addition of more features to basic power
will provide feasibility to their consumers.
Distribution system is located on the end connected
directly to consumer side of power system [9]. This is
the reason why we need good power quality at
distribution end of power system.
Initially power quality of system is improved by
FACTS devices i.e. static synchronous series
compensator (SSSC), static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM), unified power flow controller (UPFC)
and interline power flow controller (IPFC), etc. are
introduced [10]. Various power quality issues are
resolved with the help of custom power devices and
thus improve system reliability. Based upon its
structure, various custom power devices are generally
classified into three broad categories: Dynamic
Voltage Restorer (DVR), Distribution STATCOM
(D-STATC0M) and Unified Power Quality
Compensator (UPQC). Fig. 1 depicts the types of
custom power devices and their categories.
Fig.1 Classification of Custom Power Devices
These are based on voltage source converter or
inverter [11]. The fusion of both D-STATCOM and
DVR is regarded as UPQC. The D-STATCOM is
accustomed to enhance power factor by eradicating
harmonics from supply. Reactive power
compensation is presuming to stable reference
current. Custom power devices are characterized as
active filters or power conditioners. STATCOM is
situated where reactive current can be maintained at
low voltages and is shunt concatenated device. The
newfangled static VAR compensator is recognized as
shunt connected static compensator. The VSC needs
to regulate the direction of electric current through
self commutation by using GTO, IGBT are used in
lieu of thyristors. STATCOM are formerly
recognized as static condenser [12]. Harmonics are
attributable to power electronics systems. Consumer’s
fulfilment of need to be appropriate when distortion
occurs. Issue of power quality has great influence on
industrial, commercial and residential loads
[13].Different types of power quality issues arise due
to electromagnetic interferences in transmission and
distribution systems [14]. Electromagnetic
disturbances are classified as 6 types:
Conducted low and high frequency phenomenon
Radiated low and high frequency phenomenon
Electrostatic discharge phenomenon
Nuclear electromagnetic pulse
There are temporary phenomenons, steady state
phenomenon, voltage fluctuation and flicker and
power frequency variation are categorized according
to different PQ applications. Temporary phenomenon
is divided into transients, long
duration voltage variations, sustained interruptions,
and short duration voltage variations. Steady state
phenomenon is labelled as voltage imbalance
(unbalance), waveform distortion [15-17].
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II. TYPES OF POWER QUALITY ISSUES
Different problems occurring in electrical machines
due to various power quality issues are listed below:
Transients
Short-Duration Voltage Variations
Long-Duration Voltage Variations
Voltage Imbalance
Waveform Distortion
Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker
Power Frequency Variations
A. Transients
Power system transients are undesirable, fast and
short duration events. Transients are defined as
change in a variable which disappears in operating
condition while transition from other steady state.
Transients are synonymous to surge. Transients can
be classified with component characteristics
i.e. amplitude, rise time duration, frequency of
occurrence, etc. Transients are of two types:
a) Oscillatory
An oscillatory transient represents a sudden frequency
in steady state conditions and can be calculated for
both voltage, and current in positive and negative
polarities as it is bidirectional in nature [18]. This
occurs due to various appliance switching, fast-acting
over current protective devices, and capacitor bank
switching. Depending on frequency range high
frequency transients is due to response of network,
medium frequency transients is due to back to back
capacitor energization, low frequency transients are
due to capacitor bank energization, zero resonance
and transformer energization occurs with principal
frequencies which are below 300 Hz. In figure 2
oscillatory transients are given.
Fig.2 oscillatory transients
b) Impulsive
An impulsive transient is used to detect a sudden
frequency change in the steady-state condition for
both voltage and current but it is unidirectional nature
in polarity. Lightning current surge is one of the most
common causes of this impulsive transient. It excites
natural frequency of system. It is characterized by
peak value, rise time and decay time. In Fig. 3
impulsive transients are shown.
Fig.3 Impulsive transients are shown in the
above figure
B. Short-Duration Voltage Variations
This short duration variations in voltage detect the
voltage dips and shorter interruptions. There are
basically 3 types of short duration occurrence that
comprehensively includes instantaneous, momentary
and temporary events. Further, each of these events is
sub-divided into sag, swell and interruption. Fault
conditions, loosen connections and sometimes large
load energization are a cause for these conditions.
Fig. 4 depicts variation voltage changes occurring in a
sinusoidal voltage signal.
Fig. 4 Voltage swag and swell, interruption and
impulse occurring in a typical sinusoidal voltage
signal
These short duration voltage variations are
characterized as:
a) Interruption
Whenever there is a decrease in the supply voltage or
load current which decreases to less than 0.1 p.u. for a
duration less than 1 minute, then interruption occurs.
Some of the causes include equipment failures; blown
fuse or breaker opening; and control malfunctioning.
One of the major differences between the sustained
interruption or long interruption is that in former
manual operation is required to restore the supply
while automatic restore happens in the latter.
Interruption is basically measured by its duration,
which is determined by operating time of protective
devices.
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b) Sags (Dips)
Voltage sag occurs between starting of the fault and
operation of protective device to clear the fault. IEC
(international electro technical commission) defines
voltage sag as dip in voltage. It depends on upon the
distance of fault from the bus where sag occurs.
These are mainly due to system faults. All of the
shorter duration reductions in the R.M.S voltage
between 0.1 and 0.9 p.u. leads to arise the sag
conditions. The cycle time is usually 0.5 and a time
period of 1 minute. Energizing of heavy loads is the
primary cause of voltage sags when the starting of
large induction motors is done. Ground faults related
to single line and other reasons for transferring the
load between various power sources is another reason
for the occurrence of sags or dips.
c) Swells
Swell is a condition when the magnitude of the
voltage increases in a range between 1.1 to 1.8.
However, these swells are not as common as sags. It
is characterized by its magnitude (r.m.s) and duration.
These are linked with system faults such as SLG fault
causes unfaulted phases. Generally, it results due to
switching off a large load energizing a capacitor bank
or sudden increase in voltage of various faulty phases
occurring during a single line to the ground fault.
Swell is also usually called a momentary overvoltage
in many applications.
C. Long Duration Voltage Variations
The long duration voltage variations occur in the
R.M.S. ((root mean square) voltage that is varying
from a normal value for a time period longer than a
minute. Load variations and other switching
operations in the systems are some of the major
causes of this type of voltage variations. Further, it is
subdivided into three main categories, i.e. sustained
interruption, under voltage, and overvoltage.
a) Sustained Interruption
The word outage is synonymous. When the supply
voltage remains zero for a time period more than one
minute. The timing of a sustained interruption is
approximately 3 minutes are the most severe and
oldest power quality event at which voltage drops to
zero and does not return automatically. Sustained
duration is more than 3 minutes (that is greater than 1
minute as per IEEE). Some of the major causes of this
interruption include the faults occurring without any
redundancy in some parts of the power system,
component or equipment breakdown due to an
incorrect intervention of a protective relay or it can
also be caused by any kind of scheduled interruption
in a network working at a lower voltage with no
redundancy. In fig. 5 sustained interruptions is shown.
Fig.5 Sustained interruptions in long duration
voltage variation
b) Undervoltage
It is a condition when the R.M.S. voltage is reduced
to a value in the range of 0.8 to 0.9 p.u. for a time
period more than 1 minute. Fig. 6 depicts the
undervoltage disturbances.
Fig.6. Undervoltage long duration voltage
variation
c) Overvoltage
Overvoltage is a state where the R.M.S. voltage is
increased in the range of 1.1 to 1.2 p.u. This
interruption is further categorized to three types:
1. Overvoltage that is generated due to an insulation
fault, overcompensation, tap changer transformer,
feroresonance, or other faults with alternator
regulator.
2. Lightning overvoltage’s, and
3. Another overvoltage occurring in the system due
to rapid modifications in the network lead to
Switching overvoltage. This figure 7 shows the
overvoltage disturbances occurring in system.
Fig.7 Overvoltage variation in long duration
D. Voltage Imbalance
It is defined as measure of unbalance ratio of the
negative sequence component to positive sequence
component. Voltage imbalance usually occurs in two
conditions, firstly, the magnitude of the voltages of
three phase system did not match or secondly, the
phase difference between these voltages is not exactly
120 degrees. It can be calculated based on two
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techniques: first, by measuring the deviation from the
average value of three phase voltages and second, by
measuring the ratio of the zero (or negative) phase
component to the positive phase component. Some of
the main causes of voltage imbalance in three phase
system include:
Imbalance in the single phase loading of the
three-phase system.
When the overhead transmission lines are not
transposed.
When one phase has its fuse blown out of the
three-phase capacitor banks.
When severe voltage imbalance takes place
leading to single phase conditions.
E. Waveform Distortion
Waveform distortion arises due to a steady state
deviation from the sine wave of frequency. In order to
analyze this non - sinusoidal waveform, Fourier series
is usually employed. It is further subdivided into five
categories:
a) DC offset
DC offset occurs due to the presence of a dc
component, basically, a DC voltage or current in an
AC system. Use of rectifiers and other electronic
equipments along with the geomagnetic devices are
some of the causes of this offset voltage in the
system.
b) Harmonics
Harmonics are generally sinusoidal voltages or
current having the frequencies that are usuallyinteger
multiples of the fundamental frequency of power
system. The main sources of these harmonics in a
power system are the Industrial loads encompassing
all the power electronic devices like rectifiers, high
power drives, inverters, etc. or it could also include
the residential loads such as switched mode power
supplies for various equipments.
c) Interharmonics
Interharmonics include the frequencies of
components that are basically not integer multiples of
the fundamental frequency.
d) Notching
Various line commutated thyristor circuits produce a
periodic voltage disturbance that causes notching in
the circuit. This occurs in the waveform of line
voltage when the current commutation is taking place
from one phase to another phase during its normal
operation. It repeats itself after a certain period and is
usually characterized by its frequency spectrum.
e) Noise
Noise is an unwanted electrical signal that occurs in
the signal lines or phase conductors having a
broadband spectral content lower than 200 kHz that is
superimposed on the voltage or current of the power
system. Filters and line conditioners can be
implemented to mitigate this noise from the circuit.
F. Voltage Fluctuation And Flicker
Various systematic variations in the voltage envelope
or other random voltage changes lead to the rise of
voltage fluctuations in the system. The magnitude
normally of these voltage envelopes usually does not
exceed the specified range of 0.9 - 1.1 p.u. However,
flicker is basically a continuous variation occurring
rapidly that leads to voltage variations in the load
current magnitude. An arc furnace can also lead to the
generation of flickers.
G. Power Frequency Variations
Power frequency variation is the deviation of
fundamental frequency from the nominal frequency.
The deviation in power system occurs due to
imbalance created by the difference in generation and
demand of this frequency that ultimately leads to
deviation of its power frequency.
III. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE
POWER QUALITY
Harmonic currents are generated by various non
linear loads that usually propagate to another location
and enter back to the source by propagating in the
opposite direction eventually. Further the propagation
of these harmonic currents lead to the harmonic
voltage propagation inside the power system devices
and equipments. Various techniques have been
proposed to mitigate the generation and effects of
these harmonic currents and voltages in the power
systems. Some of these techniques are listed below.
Harmonic cancellation,
High power quality equipment design
Optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks,
Dedicated line or transformer,
Derating of power system devices
Harmonic filters (passive, active, and hybrid)
Custom power devices such as active power line
conditioners (APLCs) and unified or universal
power quality conditioners (UPQCs).
Some of the most widely employed devices in the
power quality improvement techniques include
various types of filters including the active filters,
passive filters and other hybrid filters. Other than the
filters, there are some of the custom power devices
that are most recently applied techniques for
mitigating the power quality issues in the power
systems and equipments. These custom power
devices are further categorized into network
reconfiguring type devices and compensating type
devices. All these categories of power quality
improvement techniques are discussed below in
detail.
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A. Filters in Power System
Harmonic filters and their implementation is an
integral part of all the electrical power systems
nowadays. Various significant improvements and
advancements have been notified in the power
electronic device technology. Due to the needs of
providing a reliable and good quality source of
energy, it has become essential to install filters at
various stages of power electronic equipments. The
problem with the
filter installation is that, it deals with only the
installed bus and its harmonic voltages and currents
without considering these harmonics at any other bus
thereby keeping the other buses lesser in power
quality. Also, a large number of harmonics filters are
required due to increase in the number of non - linear
loads. This leads to the new generation active filters,
i.e. unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs) and
active power line conditioners (APLCs). All the
passive shunt filters have the basic principle of
operation to provide a shunt branch having lower
impedance that is generally caused by a non linear
load. Filters are also used in non linear loads to
compensate the harmonics via current based
compensation.
a) Passive filters
Passive filters are generally utilized to prevent the
significant amount of harmonic distortion locally
produced from being injected in the power system of
the device in industries. Passive filters are low cost
fault mitigating devices used in power system where
it causes significant harmonic distortion locallywhich
is prevented from being injected into power system.
They are usually placed near the non linear loads that
produce harmonics in a power system. The tuning of
passive filter shall be done very accurately to be
lesser than that of the harmonics too be attenuated.
b) Active filters
Another feasible choice of filters to passive category
is Active filters. All the places requiring dynamic
compensation need an Active filter. These are used in
numerous applications where either the system
configuration changes or the non linear load generates
continuously varying harmonics in the system.
Whenever the order number of harmonics is
fluctuating, in this case, active filter is usually
implemented. These filters basically depend upon the
active power conditioning in order to compensate
various non desirable harmonics and current in the
system. Active filters have a fine response for load
transforming and imbalance cause by harmonics that
is an advantage over passive filters. However, these
active filters encompass all the other requirements for
compensation in the reactive power and harmonic
components. Also, these are used with three phase
AC power circuits having giant penetration of non
linear loads.
c) Hybrid filters
The high ratings of active filters introduce around
80% of non linear loads in various applications that
serves as a major drawback. However, for both
voltage and current based disturbances in power
quality cannot be compensated with a single active
filter. The higher cost and its quality to tolerate higher
ratings have limited the use of active filters in various
applications. In this case, hybrid filter has come up as
a cost effective solution for providing compensation
to the non linear loads. An effective and entire ability
to compensate various types of non linear loads is
developed by the hybrid filters. These filters basically
combine the characteristics of both the active and
passive filters having different types of structural
topology that could be series or parallel and a
combination of both these topologies. The 5th and 7th
harmonic frequencies are controlled by the passive
filters whereas the higher harmonics are mitigated by
the active filters. This helps in reducing the overall
size and cost of the active filtering technique. Various
factors are used as a base for classification of active
and hybrid filters including the power rating, supply
system, topology, number of active and passive
elements, speed of response, compensating
parameters and control approach. A more effective
view is based upon the combination of both the series
and shunt active filters that helps in providing
compensation for both the current and voltage power
quality.
B. Network reconfiguring type custom power
devices
Network reconfiguring type devices are a type of
custom power device that uses GTO or thyristors for
the purpose of current limiting with least delay and
current breaking applications. These are of following
four types:
Solid State Current Limiter
Static Transfer Switch
Static Breaker
UPS
a) Solid state /Static Current Limiter (SCL)
In the static current limiting devices, various
inductances are inserted in series to reduce the current
level of the faults. This basically constitutes a series
based connecting device. It involves a GTO with an
Inductor and a snubber circuit.
b) Static Transfer Switch (STS)
Various types of sag and swell in sensitive loads are
protected by using a static transfer switch (STS). Two
parallel connected thyristors or GTO blocks are
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included in this circuit where individual block
corresponds to the three phase of the power system. A
bus tie position is used to connect the STS having two
pair of anti parallel thyristors. This enables the fast
transfer of the power supply from the faulty feeder
device to an alternative feeder device within a time
period of milliseconds. An uninterrupted power
supply is provided to the customers at the distribution
level. However the main imitation of this switch is the
high conducting loss that occurs in high power
applications that follow in the range of 0.5 to 1% of
the load power.
c) Solid State Breaker (SSB)
Another high speed switching device is the solid state
breaker that gives protection against large currents
and reduces the electrical faults in the distribution
systems. This device is also based upon the thyristor
or GTO based technology. This SSB can also be
utilized as a static transfer switch or a single switch, a
hybrid switch or to reduce the faults interrupting at a
lower level. An auto reclosing function is used to
operate this SSB. The application of an SSB in certain
power systems is based on the number of switching
devices, the cost of device and other losses of the
breaker for different voltage and current ratings.
d) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is used to
outcast the problems of manufacture interference or
sudden failure of the equipment as an alternative to
other power supplies. Various operations are
implemented in the UPS to transfer the load power
from the source, like the AC to DC conversion and
DC to AC conversions. In case of any interruption or
voltage dip, the energy generated by the battery is
used to make the load voltage to be of constant value.
Due to both AC to DC and DC to AC conversions,
the maintenance cost of the battery is quite high
making it unsuitable for high power load.
C. Compensating Type Custom Power Devices
There are some of the custom power devices that are
used for active filtering, improvement of power
factor, balancing of the load and voltage regulation.
Such devices are compensating type custom power
devices. These compensating type devices usually
consist of static shunt compensator, series and hybrid
compensator. These are further categorized as D-
STATCOM, DVR and UPQC respectively. These
devices are explained below.
a) Unified power quality conditioners (UPQC)
Another advanced hybrid filter is called UPQC which
is a feasible device that is utilized to fortify that the
demands are met by the delivered power standards
and specifications at the installation point. An ideal
UPQC is a combination of all the three devices, i.e.
current source converter, voltage source converter
and a common DC link. Right shunt UPQC is the
conditioner where shunt compensator is placed at the
right end of the series compensator, whereas, the left
shunt UPQC is the one where the shunt compensator
is placed at the left end of the series compensator
device. Two converters are included in the UPQC that
are connected to a common DC link having energy
storage capacitor banks. Various components of the
UPQC are series and shunt power converters, low
pass and high pass passive filters, DC capacitors, and
series and shunt transformers. These UPQC
compensators are utilized for the compensation of
both types of distortions, i.e. three phase voltage
systems and distortions occurring due to unbalanced
line current having frequency components of higher
order.
b) Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM)
Another static compensator device that is often
applied to maintain the bus voltage sags is called a
DSTACOM voltage source converter. It maintains the
sag at the desired levels by supplying or receiving the
reactive power in the distribution system. Various
distribution feeders are coupled to the transformers
where this DSTATCOM is connected in shunt. VSC,
AC filter, DC energy storage device and a coupling
transformer become an integral part of a
DSTATCOM. With the help of energy storage
systems, it can store the active power of the system.
Here, the load voltages and currents are continuously
observed to compensate all the disturbances n the
system as the operating principle of the DSTATCOM
circuit. The angle between the VSC voltage and the
AC power system is continuously controlled by the
difference of magnitudes of voltages to control the
active power flow and also the reactive power flow.
c) Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)
A static series compensator is usually called as
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). DVR is a
controlling device used in power electronics having a
very high switching speed. Series voltage booster is
another name for a DVR. A series connection is
always considered in the DVR. Here, a voltage is
injected that is dynamically controlled in both
magnitude and phase by the DVR in the distribution
line to improve the load voltage or make corrections
t`1o it along with a coupling transformer. This device
works as an external voltage source whose amplitude,
frequency and phase angle are controlled. The
purpose of a DVR is to maintain the fixed load
voltage by maintaining its amplitude and phase angle.
An energy storage device, DC to DC boost converter,
AC filter, voltage source inverter and coupling
transformer are present in a DVR. Whenever, the
voltage deregulation takes place, a reference voltage
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49829 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2022 Page 1703
is generated by the DVR that is further compared
with the source voltage, based on which, a
synchronized voltage is injected to maintain the load
voltage at a constant value.
IV. CONCLUSION
Various types of faults occurring in power
distribution system and their effects on power quality
has been discussed. Different devices to be used for
mitigation of these problems have also been presented
in this paper. Based upon different applications and
effects that these devices have on the power quality,
appropriate device can be selected to remove specific
faults occurring in power distribution systems. In case
of single bus networks, filters are found appropriate
to remove the voltage fluctuations and harmonic
currents. However, for multi-bus and complex
network configurations, most of the types of filters
are found inappropriate and custom power devices are
required. Different network reconfiguring type
devices are found to solve the problems of sags and
swells in all the buses of a network and deals with
large amounts of currents and distortions in the
network. Further, load balancing and voltage
regulation are more efficiently met with the help of
compensating type custom power devices including
DSTATCOM and DVR.
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