This document presents guidelines for protecting industrial and commercial power systems. It discusses principles of system protection and coordination, and selection of protective devices. The document is intended to help with both new system design and upgrades to existing systems. It provides information on short-circuit calculations, instrument transformers, protective relays, fuses, and other components to minimize damage from faults while maintaining operation of unaffected parts of the system. The document was approved as an American National Standard by the IEEE in 2001 with contributions from various industry experts and organizations.
ETAP - Analisis de cortocircuito etap 11Himmelstern
Este documento presenta un resumen de un curso de capacitación sobre análisis de cortocircuitos en sistemas eléctricos de potencia utilizando el software ETAP. El curso cubre temas como niveles de falla, métodos de análisis de cortocircuito equilibrados y desequilibrados, normas ANSI e IEC, y ejemplos prácticos usando ETAP. También incluye una extensa bibliografía sobre el tema.
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
Este documento presenta la Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 4552 sobre protección contra rayos. Establece la metodología para implementar un Sistema Integral de Protección contra Rayos (SIPRA) que mitigue los riesgos asociados con descargas eléctricas atmosféricas. Define componentes como terminales de captación, bajantes, puesta a tierra y protecciones internas. Además, incluye definiciones técnicas clave y recomendaciones para inspección, cálculos y mantenimiento de sistemas de protección contra ray
El documento presenta información sobre el análisis de cortocircuitos según los métodos IEC y ANSI. Explica los conceptos básicos como tipos de fallas, elementos fuentes de corriente de cortocircuito, y objetivos de los estudios. También describe los procedimientos de cálculo, ajustes de parámetros, y verificación de equipos según ambos métodos. Finalmente, menciona las herramientas disponibles en el software ETAP para realizar los estudios de cortocircuito.
UNIDAD I. FILOSOFÍA DE LA PROTECCIÓN DE
SISTEMAS ELÉCTRICOS.
UNIDAD II. PRINCIPIOS Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE
FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS RELÉS.
UNIDAD III. PROTECCIÓN DE SOBRECORRIENTE.
UNIDAD IV. PROTECCIÓN DE DISTANCIA.
UNIDAD V. RELÉS DIFERENCIALES.
UNIDAD VI. RELÉS DE APLICACIÓN ESPECIAL.
UNIDAD VII. PROTECCIÓN POR HILO PILOTO.
UNIDAD VIII. RELÉS ELECTRÓNICOS
Este documento presenta las especificaciones estándar ANSI/NETA ATS-2017 para las pruebas de aceptación de equipos y sistemas de energía eléctrica. El documento describe las calificaciones requeridas para las organizaciones y personal que realizan las pruebas, así como los procedimientos generales para las pruebas, informes y marcaje. El objetivo es especificar pruebas de campo e inspecciones que aseguren que los sistemas y equipos funcionan satisfactoriamente y maximicen su vida útil.
Tutorial on Distance and Over Current ProtectionSARAVANAN A
Contents
• Protection Philosophy of ERPC
• Computation of Distance Relay Setting
• System Study to Understand Distance Relay
Behaviour
• DOC and DEF for EHV system
ETAP - Analisis de cortocircuito etap 11Himmelstern
Este documento presenta un resumen de un curso de capacitación sobre análisis de cortocircuitos en sistemas eléctricos de potencia utilizando el software ETAP. El curso cubre temas como niveles de falla, métodos de análisis de cortocircuito equilibrados y desequilibrados, normas ANSI e IEC, y ejemplos prácticos usando ETAP. También incluye una extensa bibliografía sobre el tema.
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
Este documento presenta la Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 4552 sobre protección contra rayos. Establece la metodología para implementar un Sistema Integral de Protección contra Rayos (SIPRA) que mitigue los riesgos asociados con descargas eléctricas atmosféricas. Define componentes como terminales de captación, bajantes, puesta a tierra y protecciones internas. Además, incluye definiciones técnicas clave y recomendaciones para inspección, cálculos y mantenimiento de sistemas de protección contra ray
El documento presenta información sobre el análisis de cortocircuitos según los métodos IEC y ANSI. Explica los conceptos básicos como tipos de fallas, elementos fuentes de corriente de cortocircuito, y objetivos de los estudios. También describe los procedimientos de cálculo, ajustes de parámetros, y verificación de equipos según ambos métodos. Finalmente, menciona las herramientas disponibles en el software ETAP para realizar los estudios de cortocircuito.
UNIDAD I. FILOSOFÍA DE LA PROTECCIÓN DE
SISTEMAS ELÉCTRICOS.
UNIDAD II. PRINCIPIOS Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE
FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS RELÉS.
UNIDAD III. PROTECCIÓN DE SOBRECORRIENTE.
UNIDAD IV. PROTECCIÓN DE DISTANCIA.
UNIDAD V. RELÉS DIFERENCIALES.
UNIDAD VI. RELÉS DE APLICACIÓN ESPECIAL.
UNIDAD VII. PROTECCIÓN POR HILO PILOTO.
UNIDAD VIII. RELÉS ELECTRÓNICOS
Este documento presenta las especificaciones estándar ANSI/NETA ATS-2017 para las pruebas de aceptación de equipos y sistemas de energía eléctrica. El documento describe las calificaciones requeridas para las organizaciones y personal que realizan las pruebas, así como los procedimientos generales para las pruebas, informes y marcaje. El objetivo es especificar pruebas de campo e inspecciones que aseguren que los sistemas y equipos funcionan satisfactoriamente y maximicen su vida útil.
Tutorial on Distance and Over Current ProtectionSARAVANAN A
Contents
• Protection Philosophy of ERPC
• Computation of Distance Relay Setting
• System Study to Understand Distance Relay
Behaviour
• DOC and DEF for EHV system
Este documento describe la protección de transformadores de potencia. Explica brevemente el funcionamiento básico de los transformadores y luego se enfoca en los accesorios, la protección por sobrecorriente y el proceso para determinar los ajustes correctos de la protección para un autotransformador específico.
Este documento trata sobre el cálculo de corrientes de cortocircuito en sistemas trifásicos de corriente alterna. Explica que los cortocircuitos producen corrientes peligrosas que pueden dañar equipos y ser un riesgo para personas. Describe los orígenes más comunes de cortocircuitos y sus consecuencias. Luego, analiza el comportamiento de un circuito RL en cortocircuito, identificando las componentes de corriente alterna y continua. El objetivo final es calcular de forma segura las corrientes
This document is the IEEE guide for safety in AC substation grounding. It provides guidelines and recommendations for properly grounding outdoor AC substations to protect personnel from electric shock. The guide covers distribution, transmission and generating plant substations. It describes the safety concerns around electric currents and voltages in substations and defines tolerable limits. It also discusses criteria for substation grounding system design, including selection of grounding conductors and electrodes, evaluation of soil characteristics, calculation of ground resistance and fault currents, and determination of touch and step voltages. The purpose is to help ensure substation grounding systems are designed to limit hazards and provide adequate protection for personnel safety.
El documento describe la conexión y funcionamiento de una protección diferencial para un transformador. La protección diferencial monitorea las corrientes que entran y salen del transformador a través de transformadores de corriente en ambos lados. En condiciones normales, las corrientes son iguales y no hay diferencia. Sin embargo, una falla interna provocará una corriente diferencial que hará operar la protección. La protección también incluye elementos de sobrecorriente y neutro para detectar fallas externas o a tierra. Las pruebas incluyen simular con
ETAP - Modelado de dispositivos de proteccion etap 12Himmelstern
Este documento presenta un curso de capacitación sobre el modelado de dispositivos de protección en el software ETAP®12. Incluye información sobre editores de fusibles, interruptores, transformadores de medición y relevadores. Explica cómo modelar diferentes tipos de dispositivos de protección y sus características. El curso también proporciona una bibliografía sobre sistemas de protección eléctrica.
6. curso de fallas y protecciones de ETAPHimmelstern
Este documento presenta un estudio de análisis de cortocircuito y coordinación de protecciones para una mina. El sistema eléctrico consta de una subestación primaria con tres subestaciones secundarias que alimentan procesos de extracción. El estudio incluye el modelado en ETAP, cálculo de cortocircuitos, selección de equipos de protección y ajustes de coordinación para proteger el sistema.
Este documento trata sobre el cálculo de cortocircuitos en baja tensión. Explica la importancia de realizar estudios de cortocircuito para el diseño adecuado de instalaciones eléctricas. Describe las causas comunes de cortocircuitos como conexiones flojas, deterioro de aislamientos y factores ambientales. Además, introduce conceptos clave como corrientes simétricas y asimétricas, tipos de fallas y componentes de secuencia utilizados en el cálculo de cortocircuitos. Finalmente, resume
The document discusses protection and coordination of electrical systems. It covers objectives like safety of humans and equipment, selectivity, and cost. Equipment protection criteria and excessive currents are explained. Common protection types like overcurrent, differential, and voltage are introduced. Low voltage protective devices like circuit breakers and fuses are described in detail, including their characteristics and trip units. Current limiting fuse operation and let-through charts are also summarized.
Este documento proporciona una introducción al cálculo de cortocircuitos en sistemas eléctricos de potencia. Explica los métodos de superposición y fuente equivalente de tensión para realizar cálculos de cortocircuito, así como las corrientes de cortocircuito en el transcurso del tiempo. También describe conceptos clave como las componentes simétricas y los modelos de elementos de la red para realizar cálculos de cortocircuito. Finalmente, presenta un ejemplo de cálculo de cortocircuito para diferentes configur
Este documento presenta información sobre la coordinación de protecciones eléctricas. Explica el uso de relevadores de tiempo inverso para coordinar protecciones en sistemas donde la corriente de falla varía según la ubicación de la falla. Proporciona un ejemplo numérico de cómo calcular los ajustes de tiempo y corriente de relevadores en diferentes puntos de un sistema para lograr selectividad. Finalmente, grafica las curvas de coordinación de los relevadores para verificar que se cumple con los márgenes de graduación requeridos.
Selección, instalación y mantenimiento de banco de condensadoresTRANSEQUIPOS S.A.
Este documento describe los tipos, instalación y mantenimiento de bancos de condensadores. Explica que un banco de condensadores es una agrupación de condensadores interconectados para compensar la energía reactiva en un sistema eléctrico. Describe los tipos de bancos (fijo, automático, mixto), puntos de conexión, componentes, instalación eléctrica y mantenimiento para garantizar su correcto funcionamiento.
�The sample calculations shown here illustrate steps involved in calculating the relay settings for generator protection.
�Other methodologies and techniques may be applied to calculate relay settings based on specific applications.
El documento establece los requisitos estándar de IEEE para transformadores de instrumentos. Cubre las características eléctricas, dimensionales y mecánicas de transformadores de corriente, paratransformadores de tensión e inductivamente acoplados utilizados comúnmente en medición eléctrica y control de equipos asociados con generación, transmisión y distribución de energía eléctrica. Proporciona clases de precisión para medición y un código de pruebas para transformadores de corriente.
La protección diferencial detecta fallas internas y externas en un transformador comparando las corrientes de entrada y salida de cada fase. Requiere compensar diferencias en la magnitud y fase de las corrientes debido a factores como la conexión y los niveles de voltaje del transformador. El ajuste adecuado de la protección diferencial es crucial para detectar fallas con selectividad y evitar operaciones no deseadas.
Short Circuit, Protective Device Coordinationmichaeljmack
This document discusses short-circuit calculations, protective device coordination, and arc flash analysis. It covers topics such as short-circuit fault types and calculations, the purpose of short-circuit studies, system components involved, and protective device coordination principles. Methods to perform arc flash analysis and mitigate incident energy exposure are also presented, such as improving protective device coordination settings, installing current limiting fuses or circuit breakers, and using Type 50 protective devices.
El documento describe los interruptores de potencia de alta tensión de Siemens que van desde 72,5 kV hasta 800 kV. Se fabrican utilizando un diseño modular con componentes idénticos como cámaras de extinción, accionamientos y elementos de control para todos los tipos de interruptores. Se ofrecen varios tipos de interruptores como interruptores de tanque vivo, interruptores de tanque muerto e interruptores compactos con diferentes funciones.
IEEE Guide for the Application and Interpretation of FRA for oil TransformerAHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document provides guidelines for performing frequency response analysis (FRA) on oil-immersed power transformers. It covers instrumentation requirements, test procedures, data analysis techniques, and recommendations for long-term data storage. FRA involves measuring a transformer's impedance and admittance characteristics over a range of frequencies to identify resonances that could lead to failures. The guidelines aim to standardize the FRA process for consistent evaluation of transformer condition and performance.
The document discusses transformer protection. It describes various failures that can occur in transformers such as winding failures, bushing failures, and tap changer failures. It provides statistics on historical transformer failures. It also discusses different types of protection for transformers including electrical protection methods like differential protection, overcurrent protection, overexcitation protection and thermal protection. Internal short circuits, system short circuits, and abnormal conditions are some of the issues addressed by transformer protection schemes.
Este documento presenta un temario para un curso sobre análisis de armónicos en sistemas eléctricos. Cubre definiciones de armónicos, cargas generadoras de armónicos, análisis de propagación y problemas causados por armónicos. También incluye medición de calidad de energía y modelado de sistemas eléctricos con armónicos. El objetivo es enseñar sobre identificación, evaluación y solución de problemas relacionados con armónicos en sistemas eléctricos.
IEEE Standard for Underground Type,
Self-Cooled, Single-Phase, Distribution
Transformers with Separable Insulated
High-Voltage Connectors; High Voltage
25 000 V and Below; Low Voltage 600 V
and Below; 167 kVA and Smaller
This document provides guidelines for interpreting gases generated in oil-immersed transformers. It details procedures for analyzing gas samples from transformers, including calibrating field instruments to detect combustible gases. The document also describes using fixed instruments to determine gas quantities and obtaining samples for laboratory analysis to identify individual gases extracted from transformer oil. It aims to help operators evaluate transformer serviceability based on the gas analysis results. An extensive bibliography on gas evolution, detection, and interpretation is also included.
Este documento describe la protección de transformadores de potencia. Explica brevemente el funcionamiento básico de los transformadores y luego se enfoca en los accesorios, la protección por sobrecorriente y el proceso para determinar los ajustes correctos de la protección para un autotransformador específico.
Este documento trata sobre el cálculo de corrientes de cortocircuito en sistemas trifásicos de corriente alterna. Explica que los cortocircuitos producen corrientes peligrosas que pueden dañar equipos y ser un riesgo para personas. Describe los orígenes más comunes de cortocircuitos y sus consecuencias. Luego, analiza el comportamiento de un circuito RL en cortocircuito, identificando las componentes de corriente alterna y continua. El objetivo final es calcular de forma segura las corrientes
This document is the IEEE guide for safety in AC substation grounding. It provides guidelines and recommendations for properly grounding outdoor AC substations to protect personnel from electric shock. The guide covers distribution, transmission and generating plant substations. It describes the safety concerns around electric currents and voltages in substations and defines tolerable limits. It also discusses criteria for substation grounding system design, including selection of grounding conductors and electrodes, evaluation of soil characteristics, calculation of ground resistance and fault currents, and determination of touch and step voltages. The purpose is to help ensure substation grounding systems are designed to limit hazards and provide adequate protection for personnel safety.
El documento describe la conexión y funcionamiento de una protección diferencial para un transformador. La protección diferencial monitorea las corrientes que entran y salen del transformador a través de transformadores de corriente en ambos lados. En condiciones normales, las corrientes son iguales y no hay diferencia. Sin embargo, una falla interna provocará una corriente diferencial que hará operar la protección. La protección también incluye elementos de sobrecorriente y neutro para detectar fallas externas o a tierra. Las pruebas incluyen simular con
ETAP - Modelado de dispositivos de proteccion etap 12Himmelstern
Este documento presenta un curso de capacitación sobre el modelado de dispositivos de protección en el software ETAP®12. Incluye información sobre editores de fusibles, interruptores, transformadores de medición y relevadores. Explica cómo modelar diferentes tipos de dispositivos de protección y sus características. El curso también proporciona una bibliografía sobre sistemas de protección eléctrica.
6. curso de fallas y protecciones de ETAPHimmelstern
Este documento presenta un estudio de análisis de cortocircuito y coordinación de protecciones para una mina. El sistema eléctrico consta de una subestación primaria con tres subestaciones secundarias que alimentan procesos de extracción. El estudio incluye el modelado en ETAP, cálculo de cortocircuitos, selección de equipos de protección y ajustes de coordinación para proteger el sistema.
Este documento trata sobre el cálculo de cortocircuitos en baja tensión. Explica la importancia de realizar estudios de cortocircuito para el diseño adecuado de instalaciones eléctricas. Describe las causas comunes de cortocircuitos como conexiones flojas, deterioro de aislamientos y factores ambientales. Además, introduce conceptos clave como corrientes simétricas y asimétricas, tipos de fallas y componentes de secuencia utilizados en el cálculo de cortocircuitos. Finalmente, resume
The document discusses protection and coordination of electrical systems. It covers objectives like safety of humans and equipment, selectivity, and cost. Equipment protection criteria and excessive currents are explained. Common protection types like overcurrent, differential, and voltage are introduced. Low voltage protective devices like circuit breakers and fuses are described in detail, including their characteristics and trip units. Current limiting fuse operation and let-through charts are also summarized.
Este documento proporciona una introducción al cálculo de cortocircuitos en sistemas eléctricos de potencia. Explica los métodos de superposición y fuente equivalente de tensión para realizar cálculos de cortocircuito, así como las corrientes de cortocircuito en el transcurso del tiempo. También describe conceptos clave como las componentes simétricas y los modelos de elementos de la red para realizar cálculos de cortocircuito. Finalmente, presenta un ejemplo de cálculo de cortocircuito para diferentes configur
Este documento presenta información sobre la coordinación de protecciones eléctricas. Explica el uso de relevadores de tiempo inverso para coordinar protecciones en sistemas donde la corriente de falla varía según la ubicación de la falla. Proporciona un ejemplo numérico de cómo calcular los ajustes de tiempo y corriente de relevadores en diferentes puntos de un sistema para lograr selectividad. Finalmente, grafica las curvas de coordinación de los relevadores para verificar que se cumple con los márgenes de graduación requeridos.
Selección, instalación y mantenimiento de banco de condensadoresTRANSEQUIPOS S.A.
Este documento describe los tipos, instalación y mantenimiento de bancos de condensadores. Explica que un banco de condensadores es una agrupación de condensadores interconectados para compensar la energía reactiva en un sistema eléctrico. Describe los tipos de bancos (fijo, automático, mixto), puntos de conexión, componentes, instalación eléctrica y mantenimiento para garantizar su correcto funcionamiento.
�The sample calculations shown here illustrate steps involved in calculating the relay settings for generator protection.
�Other methodologies and techniques may be applied to calculate relay settings based on specific applications.
El documento establece los requisitos estándar de IEEE para transformadores de instrumentos. Cubre las características eléctricas, dimensionales y mecánicas de transformadores de corriente, paratransformadores de tensión e inductivamente acoplados utilizados comúnmente en medición eléctrica y control de equipos asociados con generación, transmisión y distribución de energía eléctrica. Proporciona clases de precisión para medición y un código de pruebas para transformadores de corriente.
La protección diferencial detecta fallas internas y externas en un transformador comparando las corrientes de entrada y salida de cada fase. Requiere compensar diferencias en la magnitud y fase de las corrientes debido a factores como la conexión y los niveles de voltaje del transformador. El ajuste adecuado de la protección diferencial es crucial para detectar fallas con selectividad y evitar operaciones no deseadas.
Short Circuit, Protective Device Coordinationmichaeljmack
This document discusses short-circuit calculations, protective device coordination, and arc flash analysis. It covers topics such as short-circuit fault types and calculations, the purpose of short-circuit studies, system components involved, and protective device coordination principles. Methods to perform arc flash analysis and mitigate incident energy exposure are also presented, such as improving protective device coordination settings, installing current limiting fuses or circuit breakers, and using Type 50 protective devices.
El documento describe los interruptores de potencia de alta tensión de Siemens que van desde 72,5 kV hasta 800 kV. Se fabrican utilizando un diseño modular con componentes idénticos como cámaras de extinción, accionamientos y elementos de control para todos los tipos de interruptores. Se ofrecen varios tipos de interruptores como interruptores de tanque vivo, interruptores de tanque muerto e interruptores compactos con diferentes funciones.
IEEE Guide for the Application and Interpretation of FRA for oil TransformerAHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document provides guidelines for performing frequency response analysis (FRA) on oil-immersed power transformers. It covers instrumentation requirements, test procedures, data analysis techniques, and recommendations for long-term data storage. FRA involves measuring a transformer's impedance and admittance characteristics over a range of frequencies to identify resonances that could lead to failures. The guidelines aim to standardize the FRA process for consistent evaluation of transformer condition and performance.
The document discusses transformer protection. It describes various failures that can occur in transformers such as winding failures, bushing failures, and tap changer failures. It provides statistics on historical transformer failures. It also discusses different types of protection for transformers including electrical protection methods like differential protection, overcurrent protection, overexcitation protection and thermal protection. Internal short circuits, system short circuits, and abnormal conditions are some of the issues addressed by transformer protection schemes.
Este documento presenta un temario para un curso sobre análisis de armónicos en sistemas eléctricos. Cubre definiciones de armónicos, cargas generadoras de armónicos, análisis de propagación y problemas causados por armónicos. También incluye medición de calidad de energía y modelado de sistemas eléctricos con armónicos. El objetivo es enseñar sobre identificación, evaluación y solución de problemas relacionados con armónicos en sistemas eléctricos.
IEEE Standard for Underground Type,
Self-Cooled, Single-Phase, Distribution
Transformers with Separable Insulated
High-Voltage Connectors; High Voltage
25 000 V and Below; Low Voltage 600 V
and Below; 167 kVA and Smaller
This document provides guidelines for interpreting gases generated in oil-immersed transformers. It details procedures for analyzing gas samples from transformers, including calibrating field instruments to detect combustible gases. The document also describes using fixed instruments to determine gas quantities and obtaining samples for laboratory analysis to identify individual gases extracted from transformer oil. It aims to help operators evaluate transformer serviceability based on the gas analysis results. An extensive bibliography on gas evolution, detection, and interpretation is also included.
This document presents an IEEE standard for the electronic reporting of transformer test data. It defines requirements for test data content, format, and transfer methods to standardize how transformer test results are electronically communicated. The standard data set includes key information like test measurements, while an extended set provides additional optional data. Data files should be in a flat file or comma-delimited format and may be transferred by mail or telecommunications. The standard aims to reduce costs for producers and users by establishing consistency in electronic reporting of transformer performance test results.
IEEE Standard for Underground Type,
Self-Cooled, Single-Phase, Distribution
Transformers with Separable Insulated
High-Voltage Connectors; High Voltage
25 000 V and Below; Low Voltage 600 V
and Below; 167 kVA and Smaller
This document provides a 3 sentence summary of the IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding:
The guide concerns grounding practices for outdoor alternating current substations, including distribution, transmission, and generating plant substations. It describes proper grounding methods to help ensure safety in substation design and operation. The guide was developed by the IEEE Power and Energy Society's Substations Committee and is intended to provide guidance, rather than quantitative analysis, on safety issues related to substation grounding.
This document is a revision of the IEEE 802.1D standard for local and metropolitan area network bridges. It incorporates amendments from IEEE 802.1t and 802.1w, and makes further corrections and improvements. The standard defines the architecture for interconnecting IEEE 802 local area networks below the MAC service boundary using transparent bridges. It specifies the operation of MAC bridges to allow communication between end stations on separate LANs as if they were on the same LAN.
This document provides standards for overhead, pad-mounted, dry vault, and submersible automatic circuit reclosers and fault interrupters for alternating current systems up to 38 kV. It specifies required definitions, ratings, procedures for design and production tests, and construction requirements. The standards cover topics such as rated voltages, currents, temperature limits, insulation testing procedures, switching test procedures, and partial discharge testing. It is a revision of IEEE Std C37.60-1981, incorporating changes to reflect advances in recloser technology and expand the standards to include gas-insulated reclosers.
This document summarizes IEEE Standard C37.20.2-1999, which provides requirements and guidelines for metal-clad medium-voltage switchgear containing drawout circuit breakers. Metal-clad switchgear compartments isolate all components like instrumentation, main bus, and connections using grounded metal barriers. It covers ratings from 4.76 kV to 38 kV, with main bus ratings of 1200 A, 2000 A, and 3000 A. The standard discusses service conditions, ratings, insulation requirements, test procedures, and applications for metal-clad switchgear.
This document summarizes the IEEE standard for general requirements for liquid-immersed distribution, power, and regulating transformers. It outlines electrical and mechanical requirements for these types of transformers. The standard applies to single-phase and polyphase transformers with voltages of 601 V or higher. It provides a basis for establishing performance requirements and limited interchangeability of covered equipment to assist in proper selection. Certain transformer types are excluded from the standard's requirements.
This document is IEEE Std C57.12.00-1993, which provides general requirements for liquid-immersed distribution, power, and regulating transformers. It sets forth electrical, mechanical, and safety requirements for these types of transformers. The standard is intended to establish performance, limited interchangeability, and safety requirements for the equipment. It applies to liquid-immersed transformers except for specific excluded types like instrument transformers. The document provides definitions, references, requirements for service conditions, ratings, insulation levels, temperature rise, nameplates, construction details, and test procedures.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for insulation coordination of AC power systems above 1 kV. It discusses voltage stresses that can occur on electrical equipment, insulation strength considerations, performance reliability criteria, insulation coordination design procedures for various overvoltage types, and final selection of insulation levels. The document contains practical examples to illustrate insulation coordination principles and is intended to provide guidance for determining withstand voltages for air-insulated AC systems.
This document provides a guide for loading 65°C rise mineral-oil-immersed distribution and power transformers. It combines and replaces three previous guides on loading different types of transformers. The guide provides general recommendations and equations for calculating transformer loading and temperatures during overloads. It aims to accurately determine safe loading levels based on specific transformer characteristics.
This document defines and assigns 94 device function numbers to identify the functions of devices used in electrical substations, generating plants, and power equipment installations. It covers the purpose and application of the numbers, and considers the use of prefixes and suffixes to provide more specific definitions. The document also covers device contact designations.
This document summarizes IEEE Std 142-1991, which provides recommended practices for grounding industrial and commercial power systems. It covers system grounding, equipment grounding, static and lightning protection grounding, connection to earth, and grounding of sensitive electronic equipment. The standard addresses how to ground systems and equipment, select grounding equipment, protect structures from lightning, and obtain low-resistance connections to earth. It was revised in 1991 by a working group from the IEEE Power Systems Engineering Committee to update the 1982 edition with new material and experience.
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IEEE 242-2001 Proteccion y Coordinacion.pdf
1. Approved as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Std 242-2001
(Revision of
IEEE Std 242-1986)
IEEE Recommended Practice for
Protection and Coordination of
Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems
Sponsor
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Department
of the
IEEE Industry Applications Society
Approved 14 June 2001
IEEE-SA Standards Board
Abstract: The principles of system protection and the proper selection, application, and
coordination of components that may be required to protect industrial and commercial power
systems against abnormalities that could reasonably be expected to occur in the course of
system operation are presented in a in a simple, yet comprehensive, format. The principles
presented apply to both new electrical system design and to the changing, upgrading, or
expansion of an existing electrical distribution system.
Keywords: bus protection, cable protection, calibration, conductor protection, coordinating
time intervals, current transformers, current-limiting fuses, fuse coordination, fuse selectivity,
generator grounding, generator protection, high-voltage fuses, liquid preservation systems,
low-voltage motor protection, medium-voltage motor protection, motor protection, overcurrent
protection, potential transformers, power fuses, protective relays, relay application principles,
relay operating principles, service protection, short-circuit protection, switchgear protection,
system design, system protection, transformer protection, voltage transformers
3. IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating
Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its stan-
dards through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute,
which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product.
Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE
administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process,
the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained
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Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, prop-
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