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CHAPTER -5
CLASS VIII
Mrs. Riffat Shaheen
BASIC ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS
BATTERY
Batteries have three parts, an anode (+), a cathode (-),
and the electrolyte. The cathode and anode (the
positive and negative sides at either end of a
traditional battery) are hooked up to an electrical
circuit. The chemical reactions in the battery causes a
build up of electrons at the anode.
An electric battery is a device consisting of two or
more electrochemical cells that convert stored
chemical energy into electrical energy.
Each cell has a positive terminal, or cathode, and a
negative terminal, or anode.
The Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) battery.
The Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery.
The Lead Acid battery.
The Lithium Ion battery.
The Lithium Polymer battery.
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that increases electrical resistance of a
circuit element. The main function is to reduce the
flow of electricity in a circuit. In electronic
circuits, Resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among
other uses.
Capacitors
 A basic capacitor has two parallel plates
separated by an insulating material
 A capacitor stores an electrical charge
between the two plates
 The unit of capacitance is Farads (F)
 Capacitance values are normally smaller, such
as µF, nF or pF
Capacitors
 Basic capacitor construction
Dielectric
material
Plate 1
Plate 2
The dielectric
material is an
insulator therefore
no current flows
through the
capacitor
Capacitors
Storing a charge between
the plates
 Electrons on the left
plate are attracted
toward the positive
terminal of the voltage
source
 This leaves an excess of
positively charged holes
 The electrons are
pushed toward the right
plate
 Excess electrons leave a
negative charge
+ -
+
_
+ _
Capacitors
Types of capacitors
 The dielectric material
determines the type of
capacitor
 Common types of
capacitors are:
 Mica
 Ceramic
 Plastic film
Capacitors
 Some capacitors are
polarised, they can
only be connected
one way around
 Electrolytic
capacitors are
polarised
Capacitors
 Variable capacitors are
used in communication
equipment, radios,
televisions and VCRs
 They can be adjusted by
consumers by tuning
controls
 Trimmers are internal
adjusted capacitors that
a consumer cannot
adjust
Capacitors
 These variable
capacitors would be
difficult to squeeze
into your mobile
phone and iPod
 Current technology
uses semi-conductor
variable capacitors
called varactors
(varicaps)
Inductor
 An inductor is about as
simple as an electronic
component can get -- it
is simply a coil of wire. It
turns out, however, that
a coil of wire can do
some very interesting
things because of
the magnetic properties
of a coil.
TRANSFORMER
This is an
electrical device
used to increase
or decrease the
value of
alternating
current.
Other Electrical components
FUSE JUMPERS
In electronics and electrical engineering, a FUSE is a type of
low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to
provide over current protection, of either the load or source
circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that
melts when too much current flows through it, interrupting
the circuit that it connects. Short circuits, overloading,
mismatched loads, or device failure are the prime reasons for
excessive current. Fuses can be used as alternatives to circuit
breakers.
Jumpers are small devices that are used to control
the operation of hardware devices directly,
without the use of software. A jumper is a
mechanical switch that is easily modified by
hand.
•WHAT IS A UPS?
•WHAT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION?
•HOW DOES A ROBOT WORK ???

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Electrical components 8

  • 1. CHAPTER -5 CLASS VIII Mrs. Riffat Shaheen BASIC ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • 3. Batteries have three parts, an anode (+), a cathode (-), and the electrolyte. The cathode and anode (the positive and negative sides at either end of a traditional battery) are hooked up to an electrical circuit. The chemical reactions in the battery causes a build up of electrons at the anode. An electric battery is a device consisting of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell has a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode.
  • 4. The Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) battery. The Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery. The Lead Acid battery. The Lithium Ion battery. The Lithium Polymer battery.
  • 5. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that increases electrical resistance of a circuit element. The main function is to reduce the flow of electricity in a circuit. In electronic circuits, Resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
  • 6.
  • 7. Capacitors  A basic capacitor has two parallel plates separated by an insulating material  A capacitor stores an electrical charge between the two plates  The unit of capacitance is Farads (F)  Capacitance values are normally smaller, such as µF, nF or pF
  • 8. Capacitors  Basic capacitor construction Dielectric material Plate 1 Plate 2 The dielectric material is an insulator therefore no current flows through the capacitor
  • 9. Capacitors Storing a charge between the plates  Electrons on the left plate are attracted toward the positive terminal of the voltage source  This leaves an excess of positively charged holes  The electrons are pushed toward the right plate  Excess electrons leave a negative charge + - + _ + _
  • 10. Capacitors Types of capacitors  The dielectric material determines the type of capacitor  Common types of capacitors are:  Mica  Ceramic  Plastic film
  • 11. Capacitors  Some capacitors are polarised, they can only be connected one way around  Electrolytic capacitors are polarised
  • 12. Capacitors  Variable capacitors are used in communication equipment, radios, televisions and VCRs  They can be adjusted by consumers by tuning controls  Trimmers are internal adjusted capacitors that a consumer cannot adjust
  • 13. Capacitors  These variable capacitors would be difficult to squeeze into your mobile phone and iPod  Current technology uses semi-conductor variable capacitors called varactors (varicaps)
  • 14. Inductor  An inductor is about as simple as an electronic component can get -- it is simply a coil of wire. It turns out, however, that a coil of wire can do some very interesting things because of the magnetic properties of a coil.
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  • 16. TRANSFORMER This is an electrical device used to increase or decrease the value of alternating current.
  • 19. In electronics and electrical engineering, a FUSE is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide over current protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, interrupting the circuit that it connects. Short circuits, overloading, mismatched loads, or device failure are the prime reasons for excessive current. Fuses can be used as alternatives to circuit breakers.
  • 20. Jumpers are small devices that are used to control the operation of hardware devices directly, without the use of software. A jumper is a mechanical switch that is easily modified by hand.
  • 21. •WHAT IS A UPS? •WHAT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION? •HOW DOES A ROBOT WORK ???