The document provides an introduction to electronic passive components. It discusses resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers. Resistors are electronic components that oppose the flow of current and come in fixed and variable types. Capacitors are components that store electric charge and also come in fixed and variable types. Inductors are coils of wire that oppose changes in current flow. Transformers are made of two coils of wire wound on a core and transfer energy from one circuit to another through mutual induction. The document provides details on various types of these components, their construction, properties, and applications.
Here is the list of major electrical and electronic components utilized in electrical and electronic projects and several circuits are designed with numerous components like Resistors, Capacitors, Fuses, Transistors, Integrated Circuits, Relays, Switches, Motors, Circuit Breakers, Resistors, Inductors, Transformers, Battery And Fuse.
Here is the list of major electrical and electronic components utilized in electrical and electronic projects and several circuits are designed with numerous components like Resistors, Capacitors, Fuses, Transistors, Integrated Circuits, Relays, Switches, Motors, Circuit Breakers, Resistors, Inductors, Transformers, Battery And Fuse.
This presentation is for beginners of electronics. This will give you a brief about all the important basic building blocks of electronics and hence will be helpful in creating a good foundation.
Describe
The construction of an inductor
How energy is stored in an inductor
The electrical properties of an inductor
Relationship between voltage, current, and inductance; power; and energy
Equivalent inductance when a set of inductors are in series and in parallel
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
What is electronics?
Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, which the electrons have a fundamental role.
This presentation gives a brief explanation about what is electronics and each of the part of the electronic components.
This presentation is for beginners of electronics. This will give you a brief about all the important basic building blocks of electronics and hence will be helpful in creating a good foundation.
Describe
The construction of an inductor
How energy is stored in an inductor
The electrical properties of an inductor
Relationship between voltage, current, and inductance; power; and energy
Equivalent inductance when a set of inductors are in series and in parallel
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
What is electronics?
Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, which the electrons have a fundamental role.
This presentation gives a brief explanation about what is electronics and each of the part of the electronic components.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the constructional features of different types of resistors, their specifications and applications. The material will be useful for KTU first year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
Electrical Engineering is the Branch of Engineering. Electrical Engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including Thermal and Hydraulics Prime Movers, Analog Electronic Circuits, Network Analysis and Synthesis, DC Machines and Transformers, Digital Electronic Circuits, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Control System Engineering, Engineering Electromagnetics, Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Ekeeda offers Online Mechanical Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus Visit : https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/stream/Electrical-Engineering
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
3. Page 3
SI Fundamental Units
length
mass
time
electric current
temperature
luminous intensity
amount of substance
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
Kelvin
candela
mole
m
kg
s
A
K
cd
mol
Quantity Unit Symbol
8. Page 8
Conversions
0.47 MΩ = 470 kΩ
Larger number
Smaller unit
10,000 pF = 0.01 µF
Smaller number
Larger unit
9. Page 9
1. A resistor is an example of
a. a passive component
b. an active component
c. an electrical circuit
d. all of the above
Quiz
10. Page 10
Quiz
2. The electrical unit that is fundamental is the
a. volt
b. ohm
c. coulomb
d. ampere
11. Page 11
Quiz
5. The metric prefix nano means
a. 10-3
b. 10-6
c. 10-9
d. 10-12
12. Page 12
Quiz
6. The metric prefix pico means
a. 10-3
b. 10-6
c. 10-9
d. 10-12
13. Page 13
Quiz
7. The number 2700 MW can be written
a. 2.7 TW
b. 2.7 GW
c. 2.7 kW
d. 2.7 mW
14. Page 14
Quiz
8. The value 68 kW is equal to
a. 6.8 x 104
W
b. 68, 000 W
c. 0.068 MW
d. All of the above
15. Page 15
Electronic components are the basic building blocks of an
electronic circuit. Electronic components are very small, cheep and have
two or more terminals. When a group of electronic components is
connected together in an printed circuit board (PCB), a useful electronic
circuit is formed. Electronic components are classified as ……
INTRODUCTION
17. Page 17
Resistors are electronic components used to oppose the
flow of current. Resistance is the property of material
which opposes the flow of current through it. Unit of
resistance is ohm (Ω).
Symbol of resistor
18. Page 18
Resistor = Speed Breaker
e- e-
The resistor slows down the flow of electrons.
23. Page 23
Power rating – The power rating indicates how much
power the resistor can safely tolerate. Unit is watts.
Tolerance – It is the allowed variation of resistance value
from its normal value. A 100Ω resistor with 10% tolerance ,
means that its value can be any fixed value between 90 to
110Ω
25. Page 25
FIXED RESISTORS
Resistor whose value of resistance is specified
and cannot be varied
26. Page 26
Carbon composition resistors
•Resistive material – finely
powdered carbon/graphite and
an insulating material (ceramic)
• A resin used to bind mixture
• Leads – copper wires
• Resistance value – 1Ω to 22
MΩ.
• Power rating – 1/8W,
1/4W, 1/2W, 1W & 2W.
• Tolerance range 5% to
20%.
• Size increases for high
wattage
• Small in size & rugged in
27. Page 27
Carbon film resistors
•Construction – carbon film on
an insulating core.
• Leads – copper wires
• Resistance value – 1Ω to 10
MΩ.
• Power rating – 1/8W,
1/4W, 1/2W.
• Tolerance range 5%.
• Law power applications.
• Better stability against
temperature and humidity.
28. Page 28
Wire Wound resistors
•Construction – Nichrome wire
is wound around a
ceramic/plastic.
• Leads – copper wires
•Protected with enamel coating.
• Resistance value – 1Ω to 100
KΩ. • Power rating – 3W -
200W
• Tolerance range 5%.
• Reliable and stable
• Withstand up to 450ºC
• Disadvantage – Large
size, high cost & poor high
frequency response
29. Page 29
Metal film resistors
• Resistive material - Nichrome
• Leads – copper wires
• Resistance value –
• Tolerance range
0.05%.
• Law temperature
coefficient & good
stability.
• More accurate
30. Page 30
VARIABLE
RESISTORS Resistor whose resistance value can be varied
Applications – changing volume of sound, brightness of a
television picture etc.
31. Page 31
Potentiometer (POT)
• Variable resistor with 3
terminals. 2 at the ends of
resistive material and 1 to a
sliding contact.
•Manufactured as carbon
composition, metallic film and
wire wound resisters.
• Both linear and non linear
• Applications - changing
volume of sound, brightness of
a television picture, contrast
control
32. Page 32
Rheostat
• It is a wire wound variable
resistor
•A resistive wire is wound
over an insulating ceramic
core and wiper slides over
the winding.
• High power applications
• Applications – controlling
the speed of motor, intensity
of light etc
33. Page 33
Presets
• Used where variation of
resistance is not done
frequently. Once the setting
is made it may be
undisturbed.
• Made up of carbonized or
metalized ceramic
•Metallic wiper can be moved
with a screw driver
• Applications – setting line
frequency and frame
frequency in a TV receiver.
35. Page 35
A capacitor is a device that stores electric charge.
A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by an
insulator.
Symbol of capacitor
36. Page 36
Types of Capacitors
Parallel-Plate Capacitor Cylindrical Capacitor
A cylindrical capacitor is a parallel-plate capacitor that has
been rolled up with an insulating layer between the plates.
37. Page 37
Capacitors and Capacitance
Charge Q stored:
CVQ =
The stored charge Q is proportional to the potential
difference V between the plates. The capacitance C
is the constant of proportionality, measured in
Farads.
Farad = Coulomb / Volt
A capacitor in a simple
electric circuit.
38. Page 38
EXERCISE
1. Calculate the capacitance of a capacitor
that stores 1.584 × 10-9
C at 7.2V
40. Page 40
Fixed capacitors
Capacitor whose capacitance value is fixed.
41. Page 41
Electrolytic capacitors
• A Electrolytic capacitors are a type
of capacitor that is polarized.
• Made of aluminum plates & oxide
as dielectric
• They are able to offer high
capacitance values - typically above
1μF
• Low frequency applications -
power supplies, decoupling and
audio coupling applications as they
have a frequency limit if around 100
kHz.
42. Page 42
Mica capacitors
• Not polarized.
• Made of metal plates & mica as
the dielectric.
• Range – 5 to 10000 Pf
•Rated upto 500 v
• High frequency applications –
resonance circuits and high
frequency filters.
43. Page 43
Ceramic capacitors
• Not polarized.
• Made of silver/copper plates &
titanium/barium as the dielectric.
• Range – 3pf to 2µf
• High frequency applications
44. Page 44
Paper capacitors
• Not polarized.
• Made of aluminum foils separated
by strips of paper soaked in
dielectric (wax, plastic or oil).
• Range – 0.0005 µf to several µf
• Disadvantage – large size
• High voltage applications
46. Page 46
Gang capacitors
• Rotor – stator arrangement with two sets of metal plates
• Fixed plates – Stator, Movable plates – Rotor
• Movable plate connected to the shaft & capacitance is
varied by rotating the shaft.
• Applications – tuning of radio receivers.
47. Page 47
Trimmer
• Construction – metal plates separated by dielectric (mica/ceramic )
• Capacitance variation is done by rotating the screw.
• Range – in pf
• Applications – used where tuning is not very frequent (tuning of
broadcast receivers).
48. Page 48
Padder
• Construction – aluminium plates separated by dielectric (air)
• Capacitance variation is done by rotating the screw.
• Range – 5pF to 600pF
49. Page 49
NUMBERING OF CAPACITORS
Number > 1 = PF
Number < 1 = µF
104 means
10,0000pF
50. Page 50
NUMBERING OF CAPACITORS
10k means 10kpF
47n means 47nF
47M means 47MF
4k7 means 4.7kpF
2M2 means 2.2MpF
104k means 10% & 104M
means 20% tolerance
52. Page 52
When an electrical current flows through a coiled wire,
an electromotive force will be generated in such a way
that it opposes the flow of current.
LAW OF INDUCTION
54. Page 54
• Values specified in henries (H), millihenries (mH) and
microhenries (μH)
• Inductance is the property of inductors by which it opposes
any change in the flow of current.
•A coil of wire that may be wound on a core of air or other
non-magnetic material, or on a magnetic core such as iron
powder or ferrite.
•Two coils magnetically coupled form a transformer.
55. Page 55
Ferrite core
Iron core inductor
Air core inductor
TYPES OF INDUCTOR
57. Page 57
What is transformer
A transformer is a static piece of apparatus by means
of which an electrical power is transferred from one
alternating current circuit to another electrical
circuit
There is no electrical contact between them
The desire change in voltage or current without any
change in frequency
it Works on the principle of mutual
induction
59. Page 59
STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER
A step-down transformer is one who’s secondary windings are fewer
than the primary windings. In other words, the transformer’s
secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage. So, the
transformer is designed to convert high-voltage, low-current power
into a low-voltage, high current power and it is mainly used in
domestic consumption.
60. Page 60
STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
A step-up transformer is the direct opposite of a step-down transformer.
There are many turns on the secondary winding than in the primary winding
in the step-up transformers. Thus, the voltage supplied in the secondary
transformer is greater than the one supplied across the primary winding.
Because of the principle of conservation of energy, the transformer converts
low voltage, high-current to high voltage-low current. In other words, the
voltage has been stepped up.
61. Page 61
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY
TRANSFORMER
Intermediate Frequency (IF) Transformers work at frequency of
455kHz and cased with aluminium can. Tuning is achieved by using
parallel capacitors across primary and secondary windings.
Application – Radio recievers
62. Page 62
Audio Frequency (AF) Transformers work at frequencies between
about 20Hz to 20kHz and are used in audio amplifier circuits, they
were essential in valve (tube) designs for matching the high
impedance outputs of theses amplifiers to low impedance
loudspeakers, but transistor amplifiers have much less need for
output transformers.
AUDIO FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER
64. Page 64
High power source
Low power source
Relay
Load
RELAY
65. Page 65
When a relay is used to switch a large amount of electrical power
through its contacts, it is designated by a special name: contactor.
CONTACTORS