alternators its types and its functions….What you've just experienced is an example of an alternator breathing its last breath.
Your first thought might have been the battery is dying. In a sense, you would be right because the battery and the alternator are related, but the battery tends to get all the press.
This presentation aims to explain the mechanics of alternators, how you can diagnose problems and what you can do if you have a bad alternator.
You will come to now to some background information about alternators and the war of the currents.
Lecture Outline
Introduction to subject
Application Areas
Power Electronic Devices
Power Converters
What is power electronics?
1) Definition
Power Electronics: is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electric power.
Prerequisites
Power electronics incorporates concepts from the fields of
Analog circuits
Electronic devices
Control systems
Power systems
Magnetics
Electric machines
Numerical simulation
Scope
It is not possible to build practical computers, cell phones, personal data devices, cars, airplanes, industrial processes, and other everyday products without power electronics.
Alternative energy systems such as wind generators, solar power, fuel cells, and others require power electronics to function.
Technology advances such as electric and hybrid vehicles, laptop computers, microwave ovens, flat-panel displays, LED lighting, and hundreds of other innovations were not possible until advances in power electronics enabled their implementation.
Although no one can predict the future, it is certain that power electronics will be at the heart of fundamental energy innovations.
Applications: Electric VehicleTesla Model S
Functions of the power electronics:
1. Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor
240 V battery
Variable-frequency, variable-voltage AC drives the motor
AC motor propels the rear axle
Up to 330 kW (acceleration)
Up to 60 kW regenerative braking
2. Control charging of the battery
Interface to 240 V 60 Hz 1φ 100 A circuit in garage.
Control AC current waveform to be sinusoidal, unity power factor.
Control charging of battery to maximize life.
Applications: Hybrid VehiclesPrius
Power Electronics Module:
Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor.
Includes dc-dc boost converter and dc-3φ ac inverter
Control system can operate in all-electric mode or in hybrid gas+electric mode
Partial-power electronics
DC motors
Torque & Speed Equations
Torque -Armature current Characteristics
Speed - Armature current Characteristics
Torque-speed characteristics
Applications
Speed Control
Lecture Outline
Introduction to subject
Application Areas
Power Electronic Devices
Power Converters
What is power electronics?
1) Definition
Power Electronics: is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electric power.
Prerequisites
Power electronics incorporates concepts from the fields of
Analog circuits
Electronic devices
Control systems
Power systems
Magnetics
Electric machines
Numerical simulation
Scope
It is not possible to build practical computers, cell phones, personal data devices, cars, airplanes, industrial processes, and other everyday products without power electronics.
Alternative energy systems such as wind generators, solar power, fuel cells, and others require power electronics to function.
Technology advances such as electric and hybrid vehicles, laptop computers, microwave ovens, flat-panel displays, LED lighting, and hundreds of other innovations were not possible until advances in power electronics enabled their implementation.
Although no one can predict the future, it is certain that power electronics will be at the heart of fundamental energy innovations.
Applications: Electric VehicleTesla Model S
Functions of the power electronics:
1. Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor
240 V battery
Variable-frequency, variable-voltage AC drives the motor
AC motor propels the rear axle
Up to 330 kW (acceleration)
Up to 60 kW regenerative braking
2. Control charging of the battery
Interface to 240 V 60 Hz 1φ 100 A circuit in garage.
Control AC current waveform to be sinusoidal, unity power factor.
Control charging of battery to maximize life.
Applications: Hybrid VehiclesPrius
Power Electronics Module:
Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor.
Includes dc-dc boost converter and dc-3φ ac inverter
Control system can operate in all-electric mode or in hybrid gas+electric mode
Partial-power electronics
DC motors
Torque & Speed Equations
Torque -Armature current Characteristics
Speed - Armature current Characteristics
Torque-speed characteristics
Applications
Speed Control
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Applications of power electronics in HVDCKabilesh K
Role of Power electronics in HVDC and Transmission system. What are the components of Power electronics used in HVDC. Types of HVDC Links. Advantages of HVDC over HVAC.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Applications of power electronics in HVDCKabilesh K
Role of Power electronics in HVDC and Transmission system. What are the components of Power electronics used in HVDC. Types of HVDC Links. Advantages of HVDC over HVAC.
Best Electronics Measurement Equipments Manufacturers In Pune, IndiaIndian Market Place
Motto of Zeal Manufacturing Co. is to strive towards excellence in Quality, which is achieved through development and implementation of Quality Management System maintained in line with ISO 9001: 2008, with focus on meeting customer requirements and expectations, enhancing customer satisfaction. QMS is defined and implemented in order to have proper system, transparency and clarity in working, so as to achieve consistency in Quality and Continuous improvement.
working principle of alternators and its kind _What you've just experienced is an example of an alternator breathing its last breath.
Your first thought might have been the battery is dying. In a sense, you would be right because the battery and the alternator are related, but the battery tends to get all the press.
This presentation aims to explain the mechanics of alternators, how you can diagnose problems and what you can do if you have a bad alternator.
You will come to now to some background information about alternators and the war of the currents.
In automobiles, charging system maintains the charge in the vehicle's battery, which provides the main source of electrical energy when engine is running. In an automobile, energy is supplied to the battery by charging system from where it is distributed to the other parts like ignition system, lighting system and other important systems. The two main essential parts of charging system are alternator and voltage regulator.
A motor starter is a device designed to:
Start a motor
Accelerate the motor rated speed in the shortest time
Provide protection from overload conditions
A motor starter is therefore a switch with an overload relay.
A motor controller is a device designed to control the operation of a motor. As such it can be
used to control things such as:
Control when the motor starts and stops
How long it runs for
How often the motor run in a given period
Direction of rotation
THIS PPT IS FULL EXPLATION OF AC GENERATOR.IT CONTAINS ALL THE TOPICS UNDER WORKING ,CUNSTRUCTION,ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES REGARDING AC GENERATOR.
IT IS HELPFULL FOR EVERY SCIENCE STUDENT.HOPE YOU ALL LIKE MY WORK.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. ….What you've just experienced is an example of an alternator breathing
its last breath.
Your first thought might have been the battery is dying. In a sense, you
would be right because the battery and the alternator are related, but the
battery tends to get all the press.
This presentation aims to explain the mechanics of alternators, how you
can diagnose problems and what you can do if you have a bad alternator.
You will come to now to some background information about alternators
and the war of the currents.
3. An automotive charging system is made up of three major
components: the battery, the voltage regulator and an
alternator.
The alternator works with the battery to generate power for
the electrical components of a vehicle, like the interior and
exterior lights, and the instrument panel. An alternator gets
its name from the term alternating current (AC)
4. Alternators produce AC power through electromagnetism formed
through the stator and rotor
The electricity is channeled into the battery, providing voltage to run
the various electrical systems.
Most cars today have a serpentine belt, or one belt that drives all
components that rely on crankshaft power. Most alternators are mounted
using brackets that bolt to a specific point on the engine. One of the
brackets is usually a fixed point, while the other is adjustable to tighten
the drive belt.
Alternators are typically found near the front of the engine and are
driven by the crankshaft, which converts the pistons' up-and-down
movement into circular movement.
6. ALTERNATOR COMPONENTS
On the back side of the alternator you'll find several
terminals (or connecting points in an electrical circuit). Let's
take a look at those:
S terminal - Senses battery voltage
IG terminal - Ignition switch that turns the voltage
regulator on
L terminal - Closes the circuit to the warning lamp
B terminal - Main alternator output terminal (connected to
the battery)
F terminal - Full-field bypass for regulator
8. As we start to disassemble the alternator, we find :
1. The diode rectifier: The regulator distributes the power the alternator
creates, and it controls the output of power to the battery
2. The voltage regulator: The rectifier bridge converts the power
3 .Slip rings
both help to conduct current to the rotor field winding,
4. Brushes:
5. The alternator reveals a large cylinder with triangular finger poles around
the circumference. This is the rotor
9.
10. •The rotor spins inside the stator.
• The rotor assembly fits inside
the stator with tolerance between
the two, so the rotor can spin at
high speeds without striking the
stator wall.
•On each end of the shaft sits a
brush and a slip ring.
11. In the early days, cars used generators rather than alternators
to power the vehicle's electrical system and charge the battery
Generators produce direct current, which travels in one
direction, as opposed to the alternating current for the
electricity in our houses, which periodically reverses directions.
Alternating current became more attractive as it generates
higher voltage more efficiently, But car batteries can't use AC
power since they produce DC power.
As a result, the alternator's power output is fed through
diodes, which convert the AC power to DC power.
12. The rotor and the stator are the two components that generate
power.
As the engine rotates the alternator pulley, This is referred to
as a three-phase current.
This AC current is fed through stator leads into a connecting
set of diodes. Two diodes connect to each stator lead to
regulate the current.
The diodes are used to essentially block and direct the
current.
Since batteries need DC current, the diodes become a one-
way valve that will only allow current to pass in the same
direction.
13. THE TWO BASIC STATOR WINDING DESIGNS
DELTA WOUND WYE STYLE
Delta wound are easily
identifiable by their shape,
as they're triangular
These windings allow for a
high current flow at lower
RPM
Wye windings resemble
the flux capacitor
These windings are ideal
for diesel engines, as they
produce higher voltage
than delta stators at even
lower RPM.
14.
15. The resulting voltage is ready to use in the battery.
Too much or too little voltage can damage the battery,
as well as other electrical components
To ensure the correct amount, a voltage regulator
determines when and how much voltage is needed in
the battery.
One of two types of regulators are found in most
alternators: The grounded regulator works by
controlling the amount of negative or battery ground
going into the winding in the rotor, while a grounded
field type works vice versa
16. THE LIFE AND DEATH OF AN ALTERNATOR
Bearing failure: The needle bearings that allow
the rotor to spin freely inside the stator can break
down from dirt and heat
When the bearings fail, the rotor will not
spin efficiently and can eventually seize.
Usually an alternator with bearings failure
makes a loud grinding noise
17. Stator windings : Test whether your car had an issue
with one of its stator windings, you'd need to use a
voltmeter to check the voltage . This is called a load test
If you have a failing alternator, the voltage will be well
below 14 volts. If so, it's time to replace the alternator.
Serpentine belt : If the belt is worn or loose, the
alternator won't function properly. A bad belt is easy to
replace
19. ALTERNATOR S ,THE POWER SUPPLIER
Alternators are less expensive than say, a power
steering pump or air conditioner compressor
Batteries can only be recharged so many times
before they'll lose their ability to hold a charge
A bad alternator will ruin a good battery if you
don't address it quickly.
High-output alternators have become popular
with custom car shops and in high-performance
cars.
Some custom shops are even installing dual-
alternator systems to handle the additional