This document discusses air pollution, its causes, effects, and methods for prevention and control. It defines air pollution and notes that it occurs when pollutants are discharged into the air. The document then provides some historical facts and figures on air pollution trends. It describes several methods used for controlling gaseous and particulate pollutants, such as combustion, absorption, adsorption, fabric filters, wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. The document concludes by discussing various reduction efforts that can be taken to curb air pollution.

1. Wajeeha Bashir
-004
BOT-406
AIR POLLUTION
PREVENTION & CONTROL

2. Air Pollution can be defined as anything that
contaminates the air to an extent that makes
the air dangerous to breathe, causing disease,
death to humans, damage to other living
organisms such as food crops, or the natural
or built environment..

3. • Air pollution happens when pollutants are
carelessly discharged into the air. In other
words, air pollution indicates the existence of
impure, unsafe, and hazardous substances in
the air.

4. Some Facts & Figures
• In the 1930s and 1940s, a factory smokestack issuing a thick
plume of smoke was considered a sign of prosperity.
• Between 1945 and 1969, as awareness of air pollution
problems gradually increased.
• 1963 and 1967 the federal government began to oversee
and coordinate local and state air pollution control efforts.
• EPA & Clean Air Act
• In the late 1980s, 3 problems arose in result of increasing
air pollution
• Global air pollution
• Ozone depletion
• Acid Rain

5. Some Facts & Figures
Distribution of Pollution-Related Survey in 2014

8. Preventions

9. Control of air pollution
• Standard for Air
• Laboratory equipment
– – ambient air monitoring station
– - portable gas analyser
• Smoke Control Action Plan

10. “Criteria" air pollutants
Pollutant
[links to historical tables of
NAAQS reviews]
Level
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 9-35 ppm
Lead (Pb) 0.15 μg/m3
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 100-52 ppb
Ozone (O3) 0.070 ppm
Particle Pollution (PM) 35-50 μg/m3
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 75 ppb

11. Smoke Control Action Plan (SCAP)
AIM
To curb down the number of diesel driven vehicles emitting
black smoke
• Launched: August 2013
• 2 Main Components:
- Enforcement (road side checks and contraventions of smoky
vehicles by Police de L’Environnement)
- Sensitization campaign (TV and radio)

12. Laboratory equipmentS :
Different techniques are used for controlling air
pollution caused by
• 'gaseous pollutants'
• 'particulate pollutants'.

13. Methods of controlling gaseous pollutants:
The air pollution caused by gaseous pollutants
like hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide, ammonia,
carbon monoxide etc. can be controlled by
using three different methods-
1. Combustion,
2. Absorption and
3. Adsorption.

14. 1. Combustion:
This technique is applied when the pollutants
are organic gases or vapours. The organic air
pollutants are subjected to 'flame
combustion or catalytic combustion' when
they are converted to less harmful product
carbon dioxide and a harmless product water.

15. 2. Absorption:
In this method, the
polluted air
containing gaseous
pollutants is passed
through a
“scrubber”
containing a
suitable liquid
absorbent. The
liquid absorbs the
harmful gaseous
pollutants present
in air.

16. 3. Adsorption:
In this method, the polluted
air is passed through “porous
solid adsorbents” kept in
suitable containers. The
gaseous pollutants are
adsorbed at the surface of
the porous solid and clean air
passes through.

17. Methods of controlling particulate emissions:
The air pollution caused by particulate matter
like dust, soot, ash etc. can be controlled by
either destroying contaminants or removing
them from an exhaust stream before it is
emitted into the atmosphere.
1. Fabric filters,
2. Wet scrubbers,
3. Electrostatic precipitators
4. Mechanical devices.

18. Mechanical Devices:
It works on the basis of following:
• Gravity: In this process, the
particulate settle down by the
action of gravitational force and
get removed.
• Sudden change in the direction
of air flow: It brings about
separation of particles due to
greater momentum.

19. Bag houses:
Designed to handle heavy dust loads, a dust collector
consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system,
and a dust receptacle or dust removal system
(distinguished from air cleaners which utilize
disposable filters to remove the dust).
• Fabric Filters: The particulate matter is passed through
a porous medium made of woven or filled fabrics. The
particulate present in the polluted air are filtered and
gets collected in the fabric filters, while the gases are
discharged. The process of controlling air pollution by
using fabric filters is called 'bag filtration'.

21. Particulate scrubbers:
Scrubber is a form of pollution control technology. The
term describes a variety of devices that use pollutants
from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a
wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into
contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with
the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by
some other contact method, so as to remove the
pollutants.
• Wet Scrubbers: They are used to trap SO2, NH3 and
metal fumes by passing the fumes through water.

23. Electrostatic Precipitators:
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic
air cleaner is a particulate collection device that
removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air),
using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient
filtration devices that minimally impede the flow
of gases through the device, and can easily
remove fine particulates such as dust and smoke
from the air stream. As aerosol particles get
precipitated on the electrodes

25. REDUCTION EFFORTS:
• More trees should be planted along roadsides and houses.
• Use public mode of transportation
• Conserve energy
• Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle:
• Emphasis on clean energy resources
• Use energy efficient devices
• Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary
regulation
• Expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport
ships, farm equipment, and small gas-powered equipment such as
string trimmers, chainsaws, and snowmobiles),
• Increased fuel efficiency (such as through the use of hybrid
vehicles),
• Conversion to cleaner fuels or conversion to electric vehicles.

26. Titanium dioxide
• It has been researched for its ability to lessen air
pollution. Ultraviolet light will release free electrons
from material, thereby creating free radicals, which
break up VOCs and NOx gases. One form is
superhydrophilic.
• In 2014, Prof. Tony Ryan and Prof. Simon Armitage of
University of Sheffield prepared a 10 meter by 20
meter-sized poster coated with microscopic, pollution-
eating nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. Placed on a
building, this giant poster can absorb the toxic
emission from around 20 cars each day.

27. Titanium dioxide Sheets

28. CONCLUSION:
• Several attempts are being made world wide on a
personal, industrial and governmental levels to curb
the intensity at which Air Pollution is rising and regain a
balance as far as the proportions of the foundation
gases are concerned. This is a direct attempt at slacking
Global warming. We are seeing a series of innovations
and experiments aimed at alternate and
unconventional options to reduce pollutants. Air
Pollution is one of the larger mirrors of man’s follies,
and a challenge we need to overcome to see a
tomorrow.

29. REFERENCES:
• http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-
of-air-pollution.php
• http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/air-pollution/5-effective-
methods-to-control-air-pollution-explained-with-diagram/28360/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution#Control_devices
• https://soapboxie.com/social-
issues/AirPollutionSourcesEffectsPreventionandControl
• http://www.importantindia.com/11729/10-ways-to-reduce-and-
control-air-pollution/
• http://www.pollutionpollution.com/2012/05/how-to-control-air-
pollution.html
• https://www.britannica.com/technology/air-pollution-control
• http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-
of-air-pollution.php