This document discusses water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs in Pakistan. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water according to the WHO, and poor sanitation is a leading cause of child mortality in Pakistan. The document outlines the importance of WASH and describes various activities to improve access to safe water, adequate sanitation facilities, and hygiene promotion programs. These activities include installing and rehabilitating hand pumps, latrines, and water reservoirs, as well as implementing water quality testing, filtration, and disinfection methods.

1. Riaz Hussain Mirbahar
Program Manager WASH
ACF International Badin

2. WASH
Water
Sanitation
Hygiene

3. WHY WASH
 According to a 2007 (WHO) report, 1.1 billion
people lack access to an improved drinking water
supply.
 1.8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each
year.
 The WHO estimates that 94 percent of these
diarrheal disease are preventable trough access to
safe water, adequate sanitation and proper hygiene.

4. WHY WASH
 Pakistan is facing worst water and sanitation problems in
rural, urban communities.
 Inadequate water and sanitation is a leading cause of about
60% of child mortality in Pakistan.
 Water related diseases occupy (20 to 40%) of hospitals
beds in Pakistan.
 Sindh is at the top having diarrheal alerts and outbreaks
which are higher than average in Pakistan.

5. WATER
Water is life
If it is potable/safe
Otherwise ????

6. WATER
H2O
Hydrogen + Oxygen

7. WATER
Access to clean water can be considered as
one of the basic needs and rights of a
human being

8. WATER CONTAMINATION
Water Contamination is any chemical,
physical or biological change in the quality
of water that has a harmful effect on any
living thing that drinks or uses this water.

9. SOURCES OF WATER CONTAMINATION
 Garbage/Wastage from cities/towns
disposed in Water canals, rivers, ponds.
 Wastage of factories/industries
 Wastage of hospitals.
 Use of chemical pesticides/fertilizers.

10. SOURCES OF WATER CONTAMINATION

11. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
Physical Parameters
Biological Parameters
Chemical Parameters

12. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
 Turbidity
 Color
 Smell
 Taste

13. BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Coliform Bacteria's

14. BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Coliform Bacteria's

15. CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

16. SOURCES OF WATER
(Surface Water)

17. SOURCES OF WATER
(Hand Pumps)

18. ACTIVITIES FOR SAFE WATER
ACCESS
 Hand pumps Installation
 Hand pumps rehabilitation
 Water Reservoirs New/Rehab
 Water Quality Testing
 Water Filtration methods at household level

19. Basic Water Purification Methods
 Water Boiling
 Water Disinfection Tablets
 Alum (Phitkrhi)
 Chlorination
 Solar water disinfection
 Nadi Filter

20. SANITATION
World Health Organization (WHO) defines
sanitation as group of methods to collect human
excreta and urine as well as community waste
waters in a hygienic way, where human and
community health is not altered.

21. ACTIVITIES FOR ADEQUATE
SANITATION
 Installation of Latrines
 Drainage networks New/Rehab
 Solid Waste Management
 Hospital waste management (Incinerators)

22. HYGIENE PROMOTION
Hygiene promotion activities (HP) are done to
change “risk behaviors” within the population by
providing basic knowledge and resources.
A planned approach for preventing diarrheal
diseases through the widespread use of safe
hygiene practices is known as Hygiene
Promotion.

23. HYGIENE PROMOTION
 Transmission of diseases, understanding of risks and
solutions
 Proper use of facilities
 Proper water use: collection, transport, storage and
consumption
 Promotion of appropriate sanitation
 Basic personal hygiene
 Environmental hygiene
 Food hygiene
 Children hygiene

24. F-DIAGRAM

25. MOST COMMON WATER BORNE DISEASE
 Diarrhea
 Cholera (Infection: Acute Diarrhea)
 Typhoid Fever
 Skin Disease (Measles, Scabies)
 Hepatitis
 Salmonella (Infection: Severe Diarrhea)
 Dysentery (Bloody Diarrhea)

26. HAND WASHING STEPS

27. ANY QUESTION
?
?