Rethinking Sanitation - Ecological sanitation - Sustainable Sanitation - From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic Shift
Trinity College Dublin 2016
Arne Backlund
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recoveryArne Backlund
The document discusses rethinking resource recovery from wastewater by focusing on human urine as a valuable nutrient source. It provides examples of projects that recover nutrients from urine through processes like struvite precipitation and treatment with willow plants. These approaches can help close nutrient loops and reduce costs compared to conventional wastewater treatment. The document advocates for viewing human excreta as a resource rather than a waste and designing sanitation systems accordingly.
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking sanitation ecological sanitationArne Backlund
This document discusses sustainable sanitation and ecological sanitation approaches. It proposes diverting human urine and feces streams and concentrating collection to reuse nutrients for plant growth. Alternative sanitation systems are presented, including waterless urinals and diverting toilets that separate urine and feces. Experience from various pilot projects implementing these approaches are shared, such as urine collection from 90 households and composting trials. Benefits include closing nutrient loops and addressing issues like phosphorus scarcity.
Zero Waste Partnership with Campus In-House Dining ServicesMassRecycle .
This document summarizes Harvard University's efforts to reduce waste and increase sustainability in its dining services operations. It discusses initiatives like composting food waste, conducting food waste audits, donating usable food, implementing a reusable mug program, and partnering with off-campus composting facilities. The results of these efforts include a significant reduction in the amount of waste produced per capita on campus between 1989 and 2011, from 600 pounds to 307 pounds, by increasing recycling and composting rates.
Paulo Mellet's Productive ecological sewage water treatment systems Magnus Wolfe Murray
In tribute to the most inspiring man who i have encountered on planet so far, a wonderful friend and constant source of brilliant ideas and resources. We are so much poorer without his presence now he has passed away, yet so much richer for knowing him, from learning from him. Your work will live on in everything I do. Go well my friend.
Biodigestion for Pathological and Biodegradable Waste Management in TanzaniaUN SPHS
Delivered by Ms. Ruth Stringer, Science and Policy Coordinator, Health Care Without Harm (HCWH) at the Global Forum 2020 Innovators from the Field session.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1. The document outlines a "Limits Manifesto" which proposes three propositions: no harm, no hubris, and no hurry. It argues that accepting limits on human behavior is necessary given the state of the planet and finite natural resources.
2. Vital signs data is presented showing the planet is approaching dangerous thresholds in areas like climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss due to human impacts.
3. The manifesto calls for slowing human consumption and respecting Earth's natural limits to avoid further damage and allow ecosystems to regenerate. Accepting limits is presented as key to long-term sustainability.
NRM 2014 - Rethinking Sanitation - From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic ...Arne Backlund
This document discusses ecological sanitation and closing nutrient cycles. It proposes alternative sanitation systems that collect and concentrate human urine and feces separately. The systems aim to recycle nutrients from waste through composting or use in agriculture. The document provides examples of such systems implemented in various locations. It also discusses using treated wastewater and sludge to irrigate and fertilize short-rotation willow coppice plantations for biomass production.
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recoveryArne Backlund
The document discusses rethinking resource recovery from wastewater by focusing on human urine as a valuable nutrient source. It provides examples of projects that recover nutrients from urine through processes like struvite precipitation and treatment with willow plants. These approaches can help close nutrient loops and reduce costs compared to conventional wastewater treatment. The document advocates for viewing human excreta as a resource rather than a waste and designing sanitation systems accordingly.
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking sanitation ecological sanitationArne Backlund
This document discusses sustainable sanitation and ecological sanitation approaches. It proposes diverting human urine and feces streams and concentrating collection to reuse nutrients for plant growth. Alternative sanitation systems are presented, including waterless urinals and diverting toilets that separate urine and feces. Experience from various pilot projects implementing these approaches are shared, such as urine collection from 90 households and composting trials. Benefits include closing nutrient loops and addressing issues like phosphorus scarcity.
Zero Waste Partnership with Campus In-House Dining ServicesMassRecycle .
This document summarizes Harvard University's efforts to reduce waste and increase sustainability in its dining services operations. It discusses initiatives like composting food waste, conducting food waste audits, donating usable food, implementing a reusable mug program, and partnering with off-campus composting facilities. The results of these efforts include a significant reduction in the amount of waste produced per capita on campus between 1989 and 2011, from 600 pounds to 307 pounds, by increasing recycling and composting rates.
Paulo Mellet's Productive ecological sewage water treatment systems Magnus Wolfe Murray
In tribute to the most inspiring man who i have encountered on planet so far, a wonderful friend and constant source of brilliant ideas and resources. We are so much poorer without his presence now he has passed away, yet so much richer for knowing him, from learning from him. Your work will live on in everything I do. Go well my friend.
Biodigestion for Pathological and Biodegradable Waste Management in TanzaniaUN SPHS
Delivered by Ms. Ruth Stringer, Science and Policy Coordinator, Health Care Without Harm (HCWH) at the Global Forum 2020 Innovators from the Field session.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1. The document outlines a "Limits Manifesto" which proposes three propositions: no harm, no hubris, and no hurry. It argues that accepting limits on human behavior is necessary given the state of the planet and finite natural resources.
2. Vital signs data is presented showing the planet is approaching dangerous thresholds in areas like climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss due to human impacts.
3. The manifesto calls for slowing human consumption and respecting Earth's natural limits to avoid further damage and allow ecosystems to regenerate. Accepting limits is presented as key to long-term sustainability.
NRM 2014 - Rethinking Sanitation - From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic ...Arne Backlund
This document discusses ecological sanitation and closing nutrient cycles. It proposes alternative sanitation systems that collect and concentrate human urine and feces separately. The systems aim to recycle nutrients from waste through composting or use in agriculture. The document provides examples of such systems implemented in various locations. It also discusses using treated wastewater and sludge to irrigate and fertilize short-rotation willow coppice plantations for biomass production.
This document discusses sustainable development and related topics. It provides background on sustainable development, defining it as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It also discusses the three pillars of sustainable development: environmental protection, economic growth, and social inclusion. Additionally, it addresses issues like climate change, energy demand, water shortages, and poverty in relation to achieving global sustainable development.
Desalination is a process that removes salt from seawater or brackish water to obtain fresh water. It has the potential to address increasing global freshwater demand but also has disadvantages. Over 21,000 desalination plants currently operate worldwide using methods like reverse osmosis or thermal distillation. Low Temperature Thermal Desalination is a promising new technique being developed in India that uses temperature differences in seawater to flash evaporate water with low energy use and minimal environmental impact compared to other methods. However, desalination also produces briny wastewater and uses significant energy, presenting challenges to widespread adoption.
The document provides an environmental evaluation of contamination in the San Salvador community of Puerto Rico. It identifies various forms of pollution affecting the community, including water pollution, soil pollution, and waste management issues. It then discusses several sustainability initiatives that could help address these problems, such as alternative energy sources like biogas and wind power, hydroponic farming using greywater, composting programs, and establishing small businesses like a worm composting operation. The evaluation finds that the community has good potential for various sustainability programs given its natural resources and interest from residents.
ECOlogical SANitation - closing the loop between waste to food...
- Its a concept of producing food material from the waste material produced from the household ...Form of pollution management technique.
this ppt deals with the production, processing and harvesting of spirulina as SCP. it also describes about the benefits of using spirulina as the protein supplement for enriching one's health when there is nutritional deprivation.
The document discusses how public water is treated and used. It goes through the common uses of public water which include recreational, medicinal, and industrial uses. It then discusses why it is important to clean water by removing contaminants like arsenic, lead, and nitrates. The document outlines the general wastewater treatment process which involves removing solids, bacteria, and compounds. It describes some specific treatment methods and chemicals used before the treated water is screened, sent to landfills, settled in tanks, aerated, and has sludge removed.
The document discusses how public water is treated and used. It goes through the common uses of public water which include recreational, medicinal, and industrial uses. It then discusses why it is important to clean water by removing contaminants like arsenic, lead, and nitrates. The document outlines the general wastewater treatment process which involves removing solids, bacteria, and compounds. It describes some specific treatment methods and chemicals used before the treated water is screened, sent to landfills, settled in tanks, aerated, and has sludge removed.
Food Waste Recycling - Zero Waste ScotlandAlison Clyde
Zero Waste Scotland can show the world another way, that means we will lead Scotland to use products and resources responsibly. Making Scotland a pioneer of the Circular Economy, just as we were a pioneer of the industrial revolution. Zero Waste Scotland will focus on where, as a society, we can have the greatest impact on climate change
Water Technology Markets: Key opportunities emerging trends - Global Water In...Eva Davies
This is a BlueTech Tracker http://www.bluetechtracker.com/ presentation about investment opportunities in emerging water technologies. The presentation was made at Global Water Intelligence (GWI) 2009 by Paul O'Callaghan CEO of O2 Environmental founding company of BlueTech Tracker.
This document outlines how waste can be turned into wealth in Bangladesh. It states that 76% of the 22.4 million tons of garbage produced annually in Bangladesh is recyclable but only 37% is currently managed. Waste can be converted into energy through technologies like gasification, depolymerization, and cold plasma pyrolysis to produce electricity, biogas, and fertilizer. Recycling the country's waste could generate 1000MWh of electricity and reduce drainage blockages by 90% while creating wealth from a material currently seen as a problem.
Site selection is the most critical step for establishing a sustainable aquaculture facility. Both technical and non-technical factors must be considered, including water supply, soil characteristics, labor availability, and environmental impact. Proper site selection focused on an environmentally sound location with reliable water supply is important for long-term success, while poor site selection can lead to project failure. Water quality issues should be addressed throughout the aquaculture production cycle from water source to discharge.
This document discusses harnessing bio-methanation for energy generation and environmental protection. Bio-methanation is the process of breaking down organic waste through microbial digestion to produce methane gas and other byproducts. It has several advantages like reducing odor, protecting water resources, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines the history of bio-methanation and reasons for past project failures. It argues that new designs, understanding of operations and maintenance, and opportunities like cogeneration can help overcome past challenges. With proper management of microbial populations through techniques like bioaugmentation, bio-methanation can provide an economical and sustainable means of treating waste while recovering energy.
Compost Sequesters Carbon & Delivers Other Ecosystem BenefitsVirginia Streeter
The document discusses the benefits of composting food scraps over landfilling them. Composting food scraps produces significantly less methane compared to landfilling. However, the benefits of composting extend far beyond just methane reduction. Compost improves soil health by increasing organic matter, which in turn improves ecosystem services like carbon storage, water regulation, and food production. Using compost can regenerate degraded soils, boost agricultural yields, and sequester carbon in soils. Community composting and education programs can also benefit human health, social cohesion, environmental education, and career development. The full value of compost includes not just climate impacts, but also improvements to people, soils, ecosystems and society.
Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The document discusses using algae grown in wastewater to produce biofuels, reducing emissions while treating wastewater. It evaluates using traditional wastewater ponds, advanced integrated ponds, or photobioreactors with wastewater. Algae grown would be harvested and processed to extract oils for biodiesel production. Future work could focus on decentralized, movable photobioreactor systems for flexible wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
Reasonable Supplements to Traditional Farming
Touches on why traditional farming alone will not sustain us in the future and what some solutions are - such as hydroponics, vertical farming, and aquaponics.
Aquaponic applications for the small farm are becoming all the rage, but how can it truly produce profitably? You need a complete system that supplies it's own feed that is mercury free, soy free, GMO free.
This document discusses sustainable development and related topics. It provides background on sustainable development, defining it as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It also discusses the three pillars of sustainable development: environmental protection, economic growth, and social inclusion. Additionally, it addresses issues like climate change, energy demand, water shortages, and poverty in relation to achieving global sustainable development.
Desalination is a process that removes salt from seawater or brackish water to obtain fresh water. It has the potential to address increasing global freshwater demand but also has disadvantages. Over 21,000 desalination plants currently operate worldwide using methods like reverse osmosis or thermal distillation. Low Temperature Thermal Desalination is a promising new technique being developed in India that uses temperature differences in seawater to flash evaporate water with low energy use and minimal environmental impact compared to other methods. However, desalination also produces briny wastewater and uses significant energy, presenting challenges to widespread adoption.
The document provides an environmental evaluation of contamination in the San Salvador community of Puerto Rico. It identifies various forms of pollution affecting the community, including water pollution, soil pollution, and waste management issues. It then discusses several sustainability initiatives that could help address these problems, such as alternative energy sources like biogas and wind power, hydroponic farming using greywater, composting programs, and establishing small businesses like a worm composting operation. The evaluation finds that the community has good potential for various sustainability programs given its natural resources and interest from residents.
ECOlogical SANitation - closing the loop between waste to food...
- Its a concept of producing food material from the waste material produced from the household ...Form of pollution management technique.
this ppt deals with the production, processing and harvesting of spirulina as SCP. it also describes about the benefits of using spirulina as the protein supplement for enriching one's health when there is nutritional deprivation.
The document discusses how public water is treated and used. It goes through the common uses of public water which include recreational, medicinal, and industrial uses. It then discusses why it is important to clean water by removing contaminants like arsenic, lead, and nitrates. The document outlines the general wastewater treatment process which involves removing solids, bacteria, and compounds. It describes some specific treatment methods and chemicals used before the treated water is screened, sent to landfills, settled in tanks, aerated, and has sludge removed.
The document discusses how public water is treated and used. It goes through the common uses of public water which include recreational, medicinal, and industrial uses. It then discusses why it is important to clean water by removing contaminants like arsenic, lead, and nitrates. The document outlines the general wastewater treatment process which involves removing solids, bacteria, and compounds. It describes some specific treatment methods and chemicals used before the treated water is screened, sent to landfills, settled in tanks, aerated, and has sludge removed.
Food Waste Recycling - Zero Waste ScotlandAlison Clyde
Zero Waste Scotland can show the world another way, that means we will lead Scotland to use products and resources responsibly. Making Scotland a pioneer of the Circular Economy, just as we were a pioneer of the industrial revolution. Zero Waste Scotland will focus on where, as a society, we can have the greatest impact on climate change
Water Technology Markets: Key opportunities emerging trends - Global Water In...Eva Davies
This is a BlueTech Tracker http://www.bluetechtracker.com/ presentation about investment opportunities in emerging water technologies. The presentation was made at Global Water Intelligence (GWI) 2009 by Paul O'Callaghan CEO of O2 Environmental founding company of BlueTech Tracker.
This document outlines how waste can be turned into wealth in Bangladesh. It states that 76% of the 22.4 million tons of garbage produced annually in Bangladesh is recyclable but only 37% is currently managed. Waste can be converted into energy through technologies like gasification, depolymerization, and cold plasma pyrolysis to produce electricity, biogas, and fertilizer. Recycling the country's waste could generate 1000MWh of electricity and reduce drainage blockages by 90% while creating wealth from a material currently seen as a problem.
Site selection is the most critical step for establishing a sustainable aquaculture facility. Both technical and non-technical factors must be considered, including water supply, soil characteristics, labor availability, and environmental impact. Proper site selection focused on an environmentally sound location with reliable water supply is important for long-term success, while poor site selection can lead to project failure. Water quality issues should be addressed throughout the aquaculture production cycle from water source to discharge.
This document discusses harnessing bio-methanation for energy generation and environmental protection. Bio-methanation is the process of breaking down organic waste through microbial digestion to produce methane gas and other byproducts. It has several advantages like reducing odor, protecting water resources, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines the history of bio-methanation and reasons for past project failures. It argues that new designs, understanding of operations and maintenance, and opportunities like cogeneration can help overcome past challenges. With proper management of microbial populations through techniques like bioaugmentation, bio-methanation can provide an economical and sustainable means of treating waste while recovering energy.
Compost Sequesters Carbon & Delivers Other Ecosystem BenefitsVirginia Streeter
The document discusses the benefits of composting food scraps over landfilling them. Composting food scraps produces significantly less methane compared to landfilling. However, the benefits of composting extend far beyond just methane reduction. Compost improves soil health by increasing organic matter, which in turn improves ecosystem services like carbon storage, water regulation, and food production. Using compost can regenerate degraded soils, boost agricultural yields, and sequester carbon in soils. Community composting and education programs can also benefit human health, social cohesion, environmental education, and career development. The full value of compost includes not just climate impacts, but also improvements to people, soils, ecosystems and society.
Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The document discusses using algae grown in wastewater to produce biofuels, reducing emissions while treating wastewater. It evaluates using traditional wastewater ponds, advanced integrated ponds, or photobioreactors with wastewater. Algae grown would be harvested and processed to extract oils for biodiesel production. Future work could focus on decentralized, movable photobioreactor systems for flexible wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
Reasonable Supplements to Traditional Farming
Touches on why traditional farming alone will not sustain us in the future and what some solutions are - such as hydroponics, vertical farming, and aquaponics.
Aquaponic applications for the small farm are becoming all the rage, but how can it truly produce profitably? You need a complete system that supplies it's own feed that is mercury free, soy free, GMO free.
This document provides the blueprint for the Separett Villa, a prefabricated eco-friendly home. The blueprint is printed on 4 A3 sheets and shows the dimensions and layout of the villa, including the overall footprint of 672mm by 672mm, wall thicknesses, door and window placements. The villa is designed and manufactured by Separett AB in Värnamo, Sweden.
The document provides assembly instructions for a Tiny portable toilet made in Värnamo, Sweden. It lists 10 steps to convert the product code 1271-01 to 1270-01, including opening the lid, loosening screws, removing blocks and hoses, and replacing components like the assembly base and internal urine hose. When correctly assembled with the urine tank in position, the red light on the toilet will go out.
This document provides instructions for printing a template for a real size hole for the Separett Privy 500 & 501 composting toilet models. The template needs to be printed on an A3 sheet of paper to ensure the proper scale and sizing for the hole that needs to be dug.
This document provides measurements for the Separett Privy 501 composting toilet. The toilet measures 243mm wide by 322mm deep. It requires a minimum installation space of 450mm wide by 450mm deep and 60mm of clearance below. Additional real size measurements are available on the product packaging.
Separett product catalogue 2021 english versionArne Backlund
This brochure introduces Separett's new small urine-diverting toilet called Tiny, designed for small spaces like tiny homes. It interviews Fabian Brauer, the founder of Treesign which builds customized tiny homes. He discusses how tiny homes have become popular as a response to consumerism and how owning fewer possessions can increase happiness. He also notes that 80% of the tiny homes his company builds install Separett toilets, and they look forward to the new Tiny model. The brochure provides tips on tiny home living including using solar power and wood heaters for energy and considering toilet options that don't require drains.
Katalog med Separett produkter, herunder Separett Villa 9000 og Separett Villa 9010, som er dem, vi i Backlund Ecology har solgt flest af, herunder til kolonihaver, Tiny House, hytter, glamping og mange flere steder. Separett Villa er også meget populært i Grønland. Kataloget indeholder også det helt nye, flotte og kompakte Tiny® by Separett, som findes i såvel en udgave med intern urinbeholder som en med urinslange.
Det kildesorterende ultra lavt skyllende toilet EcoFlush er det økotoilet, som vi i Backlund Ecology har leveret flest af til økosamfund, herunder ca. 100 til Munksøgård i Roskilde og 96 til Karise Permatopia. Det bruges også mere og mere i bæredygtigt byggeri i byer. Se mere om referencer, projekter, artikler, rapporter og rådgivning på backlund.dk
Dr Donata Dubber and Dr Laurence Gill 2013: Water saving technologies to redu...Arne Backlund
This document discusses water saving technologies that can reduce water consumption and wastewater production in Irish households. It first provides context on typical water usage patterns and consumption levels in Irish homes. It then describes various water saving toilet systems, such as dual flush toilets, high-efficiency pressure-assist toilets, urine diverting toilets, vacuum toilets, and composting toilets. It also discusses other water saving devices for showers, taps, washing machines, and dishwashers. The document concludes that adopting these technologies and practices could help address wastewater disposal issues in areas with low-permeability soils, while also providing water and cost savings for households.
Laurence Gill et al 2015: Assesment of disposal options for treated waste wat...Arne Backlund
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for protecting the environment and human health from pollution and radiation in Ireland. The EPA regulates various activities, enforces environmental laws, monitors water and air quality, regulates greenhouse gas emissions, conducts environmental research, and provides education and guidance to industry and the public. Its work is carried out across five offices focusing on different areas of environmental protection.
Gtz 2005 oeko technik park hannover germanyArne Backlund
Project Backlund Ecology has participated in as an advicer and as a supplyer of ecological sanitation with EcoFlush and EcoVac diverting toilets and willow for a On-Site Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Leipziger innovations und technologiezentrum 1995Arne Backlund
"Einige Reflexionen über die Anwendung von (vor-)gereinigtem Abwasser und Klärschlamm innerhalb kreislauforientierter Umwelt- Energiekonzepte mit Weiden-Kurz-Umtriebs-Plantagen"
Experiences with ecosan in danish allotment gardens and in development projectsArne Backlund
Bregnhøj, H., Eilersen A.M., von Krauss, M.K., Backlund, A. 2003: Experiences with Ecosan in Danish Allotment Gardens and in Development Projects. Proceedings to 2nd International Symposium on ecological sanitation "ecosan - closing the loop", April 7 to 11, 2003 Lübeck, Baltic Sea, Germany. Side 29 - 36.
Experiences with Ecosan in Danish Allotment Gardens and Development ProjectsArne Backlund
This document discusses experiences with ecosan (ecological sanitation) systems in Danish allotment gardens and development projects. It describes the process of selecting and implementing ecosan solutions, including analyzing the physical environment and stakeholders, evaluating alternative systems based on criteria like cost, health, and user experience, and selecting a priority solution. Specific ecosan systems discussed include urine collection, child seats, and ventilation designs implemented in allotment gardens, as well as general criteria priorities for four projects focusing on economy, health and safety, and user shelter and comfort.
Nye kildesorterende toiletløsninger uden vandskyl til arktiske forhold i Grøn...Arne Backlund
Nye kildesorterende toiletløsninger uden vandskyl til arktiske forhold i Grønland
Nye kildesorterende toiletløsninger uden vandskyl til arktiske forhold i Grønland
Mikroben nr. 37/2007
Arne Backlund
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Rethinking Sanitation - Ecological sanitation - Sustainable Sanitation - From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic Shift
1. Trinity College Dublin 2016
Rethinking Sanitation
Ecological Sanitation
Sustainable Sanitation
From a Metabolic Rift
Towards a Metabolic Shift
An Appetizer
Arne Backlund
Backlund ApS
www.backlund.dk
www.facebook.com/backlund.aps
2. Present Human Organized Metabolism
- Open-Flow System
- Premised on Nature as Indefinite
- Exhausting its Sources of
Nourishment
- Without Paying its Bills
Could Human Beings in Politics
Reorganize Humanity in Nature
& Nature in Humanity?
5. Main Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation
•To Reduce Health Risks related to
Sanitation,Contaminated Water and Waste
•To Prevent Pollution of Surface and Ground
Water
•To Prevent Degradation of Soil Fertility
•To Optimise Closing the Loop of Human
Excreted Nutrients, Organic Material and The
Water Cycle Considering Energy & CO2 Balances
•Economically and Ecologically Sustainable and
Culturally Acceptable Systems
6. Experienced Problems From Rural Area
Work In Eastern Germany 1989 - 1993
•High Subsidies Building CWWTP
•Very High Subsidies Establishing Sewers - Up To 95 %
•Costs - Up to Euro 50000 to Connect one House
•”HOAI” 10 % of Total Cost
•Mastering the Art of Tendering
•PPP ”Betreibermodelle” & ”Kooperationsmodelle”
•Not Supporting Innovation & Visions about Ecological
& Economical Sustainable Sanitation
7. My Way - Innovative Production and Waste
Reducing Handling Systems in
Garnment Industri
8. •Karl Marx stated in Capital in 1867 on England's
Ecological Imperialism toward Ireland: "For a
century and a half England has indirectly exported
the soil of Ireland, without even allowing its
cultivators the means for replacing the
constituents of the exhausted soil.“
•Describing the Ecological Contradiction
between Nature and Capitalist society as "an
Irreparable Rift in the Interdependent Process of
Social Metabolism."
A Rift in the Metabolic Relation
between Humanity and Nature
9. •A Sustainable Solution to the Global Environmental Rift
requires, a Society of “Associated Producers" who can
“Govern the Human Metabolism with Nature in a Rational
Way, bringing it under their Collective Control instead of
being dominated by it as a Blind Power”.
•Solutions requires Rational Regulation of the Metabolic
Relation of Human Beings to Nature in line with the Needs
of Future Generations. "Even an entire society, a nation, or
all simultaneously existing societies taken together," Marx
stated, "are not owners of the earth. They are simply its
possessors, its beneficiaries, and have to bequeath it in an
improved state to succeeding generations as boni patres
familias [good heads of the household].
10. Tentative Holistic Reflection
•We Can´t Solve Problems by Using More of
the Same Kind of Thinking (Paradigm) we Used
Creating Them!
•Conventional Waste Water Solution – with
Mixing & Dilution – Best Solution to Polution?
•Why do Human Beings with Two Outlets
Design and Use Toilets with Only One Inlet?
•When the Solution is Simple,
God is Answering!
11.
12. Flow or Stream of Material
•Human urine contributes to about
80 % of the load of N and 50 % of
the P load of conventional domestic
wastewater
•Human Urine treated conventional
requires large amounts of energy
producing problematic sludge
13.
14. Flow or Stream of Materials
•We Excrete most of the Nutrients we
Consume
•Human Urine contributes with only 1
% of the Volume of Household
Wastewater but contains 80 % of N, 55
% of P and 60 % of K and less than 0.6
% of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
15. Phosphorus
•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.
•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.
•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil
Would Cover 80 % of P Demand
•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus
Human Excreta could be a Golden
Opportunity.
•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
22. Cadmium in Irish & Swedish Soils
Ireland Median values 0.33 mg/kg DM
5 % > 1.65 mg/kg DM
25% > 0.64 mg/kg DM
15% > EU Treshold limit = 0.8 mg/kg DM
Sludge Prohibited on soil > 1 mg/kg DM
Sweden Median values 0.19 mg/kg DM
5 % > 0.45 mg/kg DM
Soil Quality Limit Value 0.5 mg/kg DM
Sludge Prohibited on soil > 0.45 mg/kg DM
23. Cd in Human Bodies, Soil & Willow
WTI based on Kidney tollerance
2.5 microgram Cd/kg BW/W
Average Cd intake in Sweden
1 - 1.45 microgram Cd/kg BW/W
Swedish average agricultural soil 600 g Cd/ha
Cd in Willow steams 0.9 – 2.4 mg/kg DM
Cd removal 7.2 - 20 g/ha/year
29. New Paradigm of Closing The Loop
With Alternative Sanitation
•Alternative Questions and Answers
•Different Streams and Flows
•Source Control
•Nutrients, Organic Material, Water etc.
•Diversion and Concentrated Collection
•Reuse of Resources to Plant Growth
•Re-Defining
•Re-Designing
30. Alternative Approach and Design
•Human Urine (Yellow Water or
Golden High Quality Anthropogenic
Nutrient Solution) and Human Faeces
•Diverted and Concentrated Collection
•Waterless or Reduced Water Flush
•Alternative Sanitary Components
•Alternative Sanitary Systems
31. Alternatives in Recycling
Nutrients and Water
•Nutrients Directly From Toilet
•Direct Local Use or After Transport
•Household Wastewater Directly into
Willow Evapotranspiration System
•Transported Septic Sludge
•Wastewater and Sludge from CWWTP
42. Flow or Stream of Material
•We Excrete most of the Nutrients
we Consume
•Human Urine contributes with only
1 % of the Volume of Household
Wastewater but contains 80 % of N,
55 % of P and 60 % of K and less than
0.6 % of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
43. Phosphorus
•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.
•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.
•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil
Would Cover 80 % of P Demand
•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus
Human Excreta could be a Golden
Opportunity.
•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
44. 76 m² 2Rooms 86 m² 3Rooms 98 m² 4 Rooms 112 m² 5 Rooms 126 m² 6 Rooms
90 Rowhouses
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
45. Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Agriculture - Diversed sustainable organic production of food
based on permaculture principles. Professional farmers included
Heating - Geothermal heat pump or ground source heat pump
(GSHP)
Electricity - Wind turbines – later combined with solar cells
Wastewater - Urine from 90 individual diverting EcoFlush
toilets + further in commen house will be used on the fields
after 6 month storage in collection containers.
Greywater and brownwater go to a very large Zero Discharge
Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Composting - Organic residuals and harvested willow are
composted
Closing the loop - By taking human urine and compost back to
agriculture based on permaculture principles.
72. Diverting Toilet with
Waterless Collection
of Faeces
•www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2005/87-7614-811-4/pdf/87-7614-812-2.pdf
EcoDry Diverting Closet without
water flush c ombined with batch or
continuous composting units
73. Diverting Waterless Toilet
•Estimated Values Regarding Urine
•100 % Urine Collection for Most Men
•80 – 100 % for Most Women
•0 – 50 % for Very Few Women
•60 – 100 % Concentration
•Very Small Amounts of Nutrients Lost
During Proper Storage.
81. Separator
Estimated Values for Particle Outlet
•4.0 – 8.8 % DM and 2.7 – 5.8 % VS
•Ideal 10 % DM
•Ideal 80 % of DM and VS
•Ideal 70 % of N, P and K
•Worst Case 0.22 % DM and 0.16 % VS
82. Separator
Estimated Values for Particle Outlet
•4.0 – 8.8 % DM and 2.7 – 5.8 % VS
•Ideal 10 % DM
•Ideal 80 % of DM and VS
•Ideal 70 % of N, P and K
•Worst Case 0.22 % DM and 0.16 % VS
84. VOD 230V Diverting Toilet
ESTIMATED VALUES
•Household Power Consumption 4 kWh
•Concentration of DM 1.9 – 5.1 %
•Concentration of VS 1.7 – 4.8 %
85. Willow Evapotranspiration System
MARJATTA Tappernøje Denmark
From the first known
”unknown” system
in 1991/1992 to best
known practice in
2016 Recommended
by Authorities in
Denmark for
Highest Demands
Zero Discharge Sanitation
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/worlds-first-oldest-known-on-site-zero-discharge-willow-
arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card
Estimated 7000 – 8000 Households connected
86.
87. Willow bed ready for planting april 2004
Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall
February 2005
June 2005
Willows August 2005 seco
growing season
4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark
88. Premises – Dimensioning Model
•8 m WIDE – with a DEPTH of 1.5m and 45°
GRADIENT on sides and ends
•Useable PORE VOLUME expected to be 40 %
•EVAPOTRANSPIRATION expected to be 2.5
TIMES calculated Potential Evaporation
• 30-years average MONTHLY RECIPITATION
and POTENTIAL EVAPORATION
•SURFACE AREA dim. to avoid water storing on
the surface in a year with normal precipitation and
with a max. of 10 cm of surface water with a
precipitation which statisticly occurs in one out of
10 years
•Same LOAD of wastewater every month
96. Reduced costs using WW & Sludge
application to EWSRP
•Reduces Demand for Chemical Fertilizers
•By far Most Important Public or Private Cost
Reduction - Allocating Nutrient Removal to EWSRP
•Cost kg N Conventional N-Removal Often 10 Times
Higher than kg N price of Chemical Fertilizer
•Primary Cost Reduction Potential related to
Establishment
•Multifunctional Potential related to Cd uptake
97.
98. Municipality Task Set Up (Question/Demand)
50 % Reduction in N-Outlet to Enköping Stream
Using Alternatives To Conventional N-removal on
CWWTP.
Consultant Answer/Solution
•30 t N/y Removed by Fertilizing 80 ha Energy Willow
Plantation at Local Farm
•20 t N/y Removed by use of Stored & Hyginized
Sludge from Septic & Black Water Tanks + Small
WWTP on Local Energy Willow Plantations
•10 t/N/y Internal Reductions on CWWTP.
102. Small steps towards a Metabolic
Shift reducing Metabolic Rift
Human Urine - Golden High Quality
Anthropogenic Nutrient Solution from Stream
Diverting Sustainable Sanitation
& Multifunctional Willow - Plant – Soil -
Systems Reducing among Other Metabolic
Disturbances caused by Cadmium
In Soil – Plant – Food & Human Body