This document provides an overview of drilling fluids and their role in drilling operations. It discusses the components and properties of drilling fluids, including continuous and dispersed phases as well as additives. The types of drilling fluids are described, including water-based muds, oil-based muds, gases, and gas-liquid mixtures. The key functions of drilling fluids to support drilling operations are also outlined. The document concludes with discussions of pressure terminologies and examples of calculations related to drilling fluid properties and components.

1. Sarwar Salam
Mohammed Khoshawi
Drilling Fluids
December 7th , 2015

2. Outline
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3. Introduction
 Drilling Operation.
 Rotary Drilling Rig
Systems.
• Power System
• Hoisting System
• Rotary System
• Control System
• Mud Circulation
System
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Rig 269 TT#24

4. Drilling Fluids 18:42

5. Introduction cont...

• Over Balanced Drilling (OBD)
• Under Balanced Drilling (UBD)
• Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)
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6. Drillin Fluids
• What is Drilling Fluid (Mud)?
• Path of Mud in Drilling Operation?
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7. Composition
 Continuous Phase
• Brine Water
• Fresh Water
• Oil
• Air
 Dispersed Phase
Bentonite, Emulsifiers etc…
 Additives
Weighting Materials, Viscosifires etc…
 Chemicals, used for specific purposes.
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8. Properties
• Weighing materials are used to increase mud
weights.
Examples are: barite, hematite.
• Resistance to flow.
• High mud pH is desirable to suppress
corrosion rate, hydrogen embattlement, and the
solubility of Ca+2 and Mg+2. High pH is also
favorable for many organic viscosity control
additives.
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9. Types D.Fluids
• Liquids
– Water-base muds (WBM)
– Oil-base muds (OBM)
• Gases
– Air
– Natural gas
• Gas-Liquid mixtures
– Foam (mostly gas)
– Aerated water (mostly water)
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10. Mud types dia ram
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11. Functions
 Bottom Hole Cleaning.
 Cuttings Transport.
 Bore Hole Wall Support/ Stabilization.
 Cooling The Bit.
 Hydraulic Power Transmission.
 Data Transmission (MWD).
 Reducing Friction.
 Corrosion Protection.
 Solid Suspension.
 Balancing Formation Pressure.
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12. Drilling Fluids 18:42

13. Pressure Terminologies
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• Formation pressure, is the pressure of fluids
contained in pore space of rock.
• What are the Pore Fluids…
• Fracture Gradient, it is the value of pressure
per depth that cause fracture in the formations.
• Hydrostatic Pressure, is the pressure of the
mud column.

14. Calculations
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• The simple equation that used to determine the
quantity of mud components.
• Hole Volume+ Surface Pits = System Volume
Derived…..

15. Calculations cont…
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Crucial information for Petroleum Engineers

16. Calculations cont.…
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• Example:
A 9.5 Ib/gal mud contains clay (sp.gr. = 2.5)
and fresh water. Compute:
a) the volume % solids and
b) the weight % clay in this mud.
Ans: a) 9.4% b) 20.5%

17. Calculations cont.…
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18. The End
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“Future is not a gift,
it’s an achievement”
Harry Lauder
Thank You