This document provides an overview of a mud engineer trainee's work experience with two rigs, DQE-32 and DQE-51. It discusses the functions of drilling fluid, types of mud, testing procedures, chemical categories used in mud systems, calculations, cementing operations, formation and downhole problems, and general mud engineering information. The trainee thanks their mentors at Petrochem for providing training support over their 3-month internship.
Introduction to Drilling Fluid /or Mud used to drill Oil and Gas Wells into the sub-surface Hydrocarbon Reservoir. Overview of the rheological properties and general description.
Introduction to Drilling Fluid /or Mud used to drill Oil and Gas Wells into the sub-surface Hydrocarbon Reservoir. Overview of the rheological properties and general description.
Primary Cementing as a one important operation during drilling. This slide is included fundamental of cementing which helps to petroleum and civil engineering
Drilling fluids are absolutely essential during the drilling process and considered the primary well control.
Know more now about such a very important component of the drilling process.
The fifth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
it is a benficial slide who wants to know about the drilling fluids and the rhelogical aspects of the drilling fluids. the things are clear and very clear in this slide and this slide is very beneficial for the one who know basics of drilling fluids in a knowledgeable way
Residência Artística em Artes Visuais com os artistas artistas Bartolomeu Gelpi, Katia Canton, Melissa Lagôa e Renata Madureira.
Curadoria: Simone Höfling
Produção executiva: Arte Marca
Realização: Instituto Baía dos Vermelhos
Primary Cementing as a one important operation during drilling. This slide is included fundamental of cementing which helps to petroleum and civil engineering
Drilling fluids are absolutely essential during the drilling process and considered the primary well control.
Know more now about such a very important component of the drilling process.
The fifth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
it is a benficial slide who wants to know about the drilling fluids and the rhelogical aspects of the drilling fluids. the things are clear and very clear in this slide and this slide is very beneficial for the one who know basics of drilling fluids in a knowledgeable way
Residência Artística em Artes Visuais com os artistas artistas Bartolomeu Gelpi, Katia Canton, Melissa Lagôa e Renata Madureira.
Curadoria: Simone Höfling
Produção executiva: Arte Marca
Realização: Instituto Baía dos Vermelhos
A very motivated and experience Geologist in oil and gas industry. Senior Mud Logging Data Engineer since 2003; and Wellsite Geologist & Geo-Pressure Predict Engineer since 2010. Most of experienced as one man Offshore Wellsite Geologist in exploration well with high pressure and high temperature, and some horizontal production wells with very thin and critical target.
Good skills of persuading and communicating with much kind of people, especially of dealing with problem, job deadline due. Capable of working very hard, under pressure and independently.
Rheological test can be very helpful tools for polymer processing and development. This presentation is designed to be an informative introduction and guide to rheological tests, and finding correlations between equipment and processing techniques.
DrilSmooth system is a unique, water-based drilling fluid .pptxWaelElEssawy2
DrilSmooth system is a unique, water-based drilling fluid developed for fractured and stabilizing mechanically weak or poorly consolidated formations and drilling high-angle or horizontal wells.
The eighth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
2. Name Neamat Jameel Hussain
Company Petrochem Performance Chemicals
Position Trainee Mud Engineer
Well Name Shewashan-3 & Shewashan-4
Rig name DQE-32 & DQE-51
Mud Eng’s worked with
• Selim Noor
• Mustafa Elbejermi
• Iulian Cristian
• Ahmed Elamin
• Ahmed Elmohammadi
3. Introduction
First of all I would like to thank all the people in Petrochem
who helped me to get a good training as a mud engineer.
I like to thank the experienced people who helped me with
their knowledge and gave me full support while I was on
my 3 months training ….
I appreciate their good efforts.
4. Function of mud
Remove cuttings from well
Suspend and release cuttings
Control formation pressures
Seal permeable formations
Maintain wellbore stability
Minimizing formation damage
Cool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling
assembly
Transmit hydraulic energy to tools and bit
Control corrosion (in acceptable level)
5. Types of mud
Water base mud (Spud mud , KCl polymer mud , Gel
Polymer , Sodium chloride mud, Truhib Mud , LSND (low
solid non dispersed mud )
Oil base mud ( toxic oil , non toxic )
6. Drilling fluid testing procedures
Rheology
Filtration low pressure/low temperature
Retort
KCL
MBT
Chloride
Calcium
Total hardness
Pf/Mf
Estimating sand content
Filtration High Pressure/High Temperature test
Tracer
Measuring PH by PH meter and Litmus Papers
7. Purpose & measuring of each of them
Retort :
For measuring percentage of Water , Oil and solid inside of
mud and reported by percentage like 2% oil , 3% of solid and
95% of water
Filtration :-
Is to measure the fluid invasion into the formation and how
it will effect the thickness of filter cake build of the wall of
the well. Filter cake should be thin , tough and smooth
8. Rheology:
Plastic viscosity : indication of solid in your mud
Yield point: carrying capacity during dynamic condition
Gel strength: carrying capacity during static condition (no
circulation)
Gel strength will guide you to detect the concentration of
Bentonite build up in the mud or solid build up in the mud
Types of gel while reading by VG meter
1-flash gel: indicate bentonite build up in your mud we will
find reading 3 rpm at 10 second and 10 min both of them are
high with little different between them for example 11/13 ,
21/24
9. 2-Progresive gel :
which indicate solid build up in your mud and we will find
reading 3 rpm has a big deferent between them we can find
5/13 , 3/12
MBT :
This test indicate bentonite in your mud
MBT= (CC)mb*5/cc of sample
measured as lb/bbl of bentonite
KCL : this test measure percentage in your mud should be
same as program and reported as %KCl
10. PPC package with categories
Viscosifiers: this branch of chemicals which is responsible
of giving viscosity to mud and performing viscous shape
1. Tuzan DS & Truzan ( xanthan gum )
2. Bentonite ( master of yield point performing mud texture
)
3. Trupack RS & Trupack R (polyanionic cellulose polymer )
4. HEC ( hydroxy ethyl cellulose )
11. Fluid lose Reducer :-
1. Polylose B ( Starch)
2. PAL-FLC ( Starch)
3. Trupack SL ( cellulose base and super low)
4. Trupack LV ( Cellulose base and low viscosity )
5. Trupack RS & R
6. Bentonite
13. Chemicals for controlling magnesium
Caustic Soda ( NaOH sodium Hydroxide )
Weighting material :-
1. Hematite ( Ferrous Oxide ( 4.9-5.26) gm/cc)
2. Barite ( Barium Sulphate (4.2) gm/cc )
3. Calcium Carbonate fine ( CaCO3)
4. Salts:-
a) NaCl
b) CaCl2
c) CaBr2
d) KCL
14. Preservative Chemicals:-
1. Biocide ( Anti Bactria degradation )
2. All kind of salts are preservatives
3. All PH controlers are preservatives
Scavengers:-
1. NO-OX PC-100 ( Oxygen Scavengers which removes any
free Oxygen in mud and Minimize the Corrosion
2. H2S Scavengers ( Scavenge H2S and minimize corrosion
which are caused by H2S gases
15. Corrosion inhibitors:-
1-NOCOR C825 (Anti corrosion )
2-Amifilm ( Amine Base used to Coat drill pipe to prevent
corrosion
3-All PH control chemicals specially most strong of them
which is caustic soda and lime and increase PH can work as
Corrosion Inhibitors
4- also Biocide can work as Corrosion inhibitor because it
kills bacteria
16. Anti Foam Categories :
No Foam SB30 ( all anti Foam working on scientific base of
reducing surface tension
Lost Circulation Material (LCM ):- damaging stuff
1-Not Plug ( fine-medium-Coarse )
2-Mica (Aluminum Silicate )
3-Super Seal (fiber material, Flake )
4-Tru Seal (fiber material, Flake)
5-Tru Plug
6-Cotton Seads
7-Magma fiber
All the products are damaging (LCM) means we can not mix this
stuff in reservoir section because they are not acid soluble
17. None damaging Stuff
1-Calcium Carbonate fine medium and Coarse
2- TruPlug
Its None damaging stuff because its acid soluble
Shale control chemicals :-
1-KCL Potassium Chloride
It make inhibition to the shale by Cation Exchange between
chloride anion and Sodium or Calcium cations on the shale
platelets , shale nature consist of several layers and connected
together by bonds of Sodium or Calcium
2-GlyPlus MC , HC ( Glycol)
3-Truguard Cationic liquid polyamine
4-Free drill ( Asphaltic material with potassium cation
19. Surfactant : a substance which tends to reduce the surface
tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved
1-Bitclean
2- DME :Emulsifiers to get diesel inside the water
Thinners :- this chemical is responsible for decreasing
viscosity of mud
1-Truthin L : Decreasing polymers base mud
2-CFL
20. Bridging stuff : this chemical is responsible for sealing
porous of the formation to minimize the deferential
sticking and enhance API fluid losses and improve
filter cake quality .
1-Calcium Carbonate
2-GR Seal (graphite stuff)
3-Truseal XF (micronized of fibrous ,flake )
Lubricants :-
1-Lube 100
2-Glyplus (Polyalkylene Glycol )
21. Chemicals used for decreasing of Cement
contamination :-
1-Citric Acid
2-Sodium Bicarbonate
23. Tank Capacity :
capacity= length * width * High
No. of 𝑚3 should be multiply by 6.25 bbl because
1𝑚3= 1000 liter /159 =6.25 bbl
Bbl/cm = Total Bbl/high
Shut In Drill Pipe (SIDP):
SIDP=Mwt *0.052*TVD(ft)
Evaporation Rate:-
Bbl/hr: (%RW/0.18)*0.006(0.0344∗𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑇𝑒𝑚.)
Cut mud weight :
X=
𝑉1(𝑀𝑊1−𝑀𝑊2
𝑀𝑤2−8.33
24. Treat out required mg/l of Calcium :
Soda ash:0.00092*req. mg/l
Sodium bicarbonate: 0.00074* req. mg/l
SAPP= 0.00097* req. mg/l
25. Cement job
1. Be sure you have enough room in your tank
2. Remember the difference between pumping cement and
displacement (pumping no losses as cement still inside casing
) displacing could observe losses as cement in open hole
3. Before pumping of spacer we have to measure the surface of all
the tanks (active tank)
4. During pumping cement inside casing you have to be there
beside cement unit to check the cement weight
5. You have to take a few sample of lead and tail slurry to give
DSV
6. You have to float between mud tank to check the level and
shaker and be sure that the displaced mud go in the mud tank
that is planed to take it
26. 7-Mud logger you have to keep good communication
with mud logger during cement job because both of you
have to get very close figures about gaining or losing
after cement job and displacement
8-take measurement before pumping cement and after
cement , according your going to mud logger for
checking gains and losses
We have two scenarios for pumping cement :
1- reverse circulation
2- normal pumping inside string
27. Displacement of mud
1-we have to calculate hole volume
2-we have to calculate active system include sand trap to
calculate how many bbl we need (minimum )
3- build (mix) spacer to minimize contamination
between old and new mud
4- choose short system with old mud to drill cement
*short system mean we make small tank with old mud to
drill cement and returned back to same tank then we
can dump it…
28. 5-first things to pump spacer followed by new mud
*note: we must calculate time and tell mud boy to
weight mud we appear new mud we must stop dumping
And new mud we must put it to suction tank to hole
make normal circulation
6-circulate new mud till mud become homogeneous and
add some chemicals if it need like increase mud weight
or decrease viscosity
7- take a sample and make full test and what is result if
its need chemicals apply it till become good mud
29. Formation problem and prevent It
Dolomite : with this formation we get high magnesium
we must increase PH above 10
Limestone and anhydrite : in those formation we must
have free water inside mud by water dilution free water
make dissolve limestone and anhydrite give us calcium
this make prevent drop down PH
Shale: this formation we have bit balling , pack off
Sandstone: possible losses increase solid content (sand
content) we can use screen above 140 API
Limestone : always fractured and cause possible losses
30. We can control it by LCM this is only formation if we get
stuck pipe we can make it free by HCL and this is only
formation it will not effect PH … it can be reservoir
*Note:-
Siltstone means Shale + sand
Argillaceous limestone : means porous limestone
cemented with shale (clay)
31. Down hole problems
Losing fluid while drilling :-
1. Seepage losses : <10 bbl/hr
2. Partial losses : 10-60 bbl/hr
3. Total losses : non return of mud
We can fix it by pumping LCM
Bit balling :it means the cutting stick around the bit on
bottom and off bottom there was not torque we have to
prevent it by adding the inhibitors of shale to be not sticky
inside the mud but if it happen partially first we pump
LCM Nut Plug with free drill and other kind of LCM
32. LCM Nut Plug pill to fix bit balling :-
1-bitclean pill mud from active treat with 3% of bitclean
2- 2% bitclean on active mud 20-40 ppb of nut plug fine
medium
3-2% free drill with 20-40 ppb Nut plug with mud on
active
4- three of above together
But if happen on surface we can use water with caustic
soda till PH reach 14 and pumped the bit will be clean
this is we can use with normal mud without any
weighting material to avoiding barite settling almost 3
ppb of caustic soda we can use it
33. Stuck pipe:
1-deffrential stuck pipe :-
You can not rotate .. But you can circulate it happens
when hydrostatic pressure of mud exceeds the formation
pressure we can fix it by adding kwikspot and improve
the filter cake
2- mechanical stuck pipe:
You can not rotate , you can not circulate , but you can
reciprocate we can fix if it not by HCL , and other chose
breaking drill string fishing it or sidetrack ,
34. General information
Calibration of VG meter, Retort , Marsh funnel , Mud
balance
Increasing mud weight using KCl & Salt with calculating
desired amount needed by table
High bentonite in mud with high mud weight how to fix it?
Quantity from recipe change to field unit like ( Drums,
sacks , Pail )
Foam inside mud where is coming and how to fix it
What is the different between stabilizer and centralizer ?
Flow over shaker how to fix it
35. Jack or nut when we run casing
Difference between caving cutting and pressurized
cutting on shale shaker
Difference between sodium carbonate and sodium
bicarbonate while treating cement
Key setting and reason that make this problem
What is F.I.T and L.O.T
Solid control equipment and dewatering how it work