The document discusses casing design considerations. It begins by outlining the general criteria considered in casing design, including loading conditions, formation strength, availability/cost of casing strings, and expected deterioration over time. It then describes how casing is designed to withstand burst, collapse, tension, and biaxial stresses using safety factors. Graphical and mathematical methods are presented for designing casing strings to meet differential pressure requirements at varying depths. Considerations like centralizer spacing and stretch are also covered. The document provides a detailed overview of the factors and calculations involved in optimizing casing design.
Complete Casing Design with types of casing, casing properties, casing functions, design criteria and properties used for designing and one numerical problem
Complete Casing Design with types of casing, casing properties, casing functions, design criteria and properties used for designing and one numerical problem
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
The sixth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
my presentation about kick tolerance and contain 3 videos
the reference (well drilling & construction) Hussain Rabia
and weatherford essay & videos from youtube
That is my presentation for my grad research about reservoir geomechanics, hope you find it useful, and my source book was reservoir geomechanics for prof Mark Zoback, soon the PDF copy will be available as well.
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
The sixth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
my presentation about kick tolerance and contain 3 videos
the reference (well drilling & construction) Hussain Rabia
and weatherford essay & videos from youtube
That is my presentation for my grad research about reservoir geomechanics, hope you find it useful, and my source book was reservoir geomechanics for prof Mark Zoback, soon the PDF copy will be available as well.
Finite Element Analysis of Skirt to Dished junction in a Pressure VesselIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Design and Analysis of Vapour Absorbing MachineIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Name: Sadia Mahajabin
ID : 10.01.03.098
4th year 2nd Semester
Section : B
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Find the Optimum Shape Design of I...CSCJournals
In this paper, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used to find the optimal form for torispherical dome ends under internal pressure load. According to fabrication and strength of material requirements, a group of compromised counters are studied. According to ASME Section VIII and BS5500 pressure vessel codes, a reasonable buckling pressure limit is proposed. Four-centered ellipse method is used to describe the geometry of the torispherical dome end that this method is commonly used in engineering drawing. A minimum weight optimization problem based on buckling pressure is studied. Two different size torispherical dome end examples are selected and studied. Imperialist Competitive Algorithm is found to be very efficient and easy to use for the applications, such as torispherical dome end and subjected to internally pressurized loading.
good for engineering students
to get deep knowledge about design of singly reinforced beam by working stress method.
see and learn about rcc structure....................................................
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
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What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
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2. 1. Casing
A. Review
B. Setting Depths
C. Connections
D. API Casing Performance Properties
3. 1. General Casing Design Criteria
2. Graphical Method for Casing Design
3. Other Casing Design considerations
4.
5. Casing design consideration
Casing design itself is an optimization process
to find the cheapest casing string that is strong enough
to withstand the occurring loads over time.
The design itself is therefore depended on:
Loading conditions during life of well
(drilling phase, completion procedures,
workover operations, and operation phase),
It should be noted that
the loading conditions are subjective and based on
• company policies,
• governmental regulations and
• best practices.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 5
6. The casing design dependency (Cont.)
strength of the formation at the casing shoe
(assumed fracture pressure during planning and
verified by the formation integrity test),
availability and real price of individual casing strings,
Regarding real casing prices,
casing types currently on stock and
general availability (purchase of manufacturing lot)
can have a major selection implication.
expected deterioration of the casing due to production
and expected completion fluid settlement.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 6
7. Casing design parameters
Similar to the drillstring,
casings are normally designed for burst, collapse,
tension, shock loads and biaxial stresses.
Different safety margins or safety factors
are demanded by company policies or
government regulations and have to be satisfied.
To calculate the burst and collapse pressure the
casing has to be designed for,
the differential pressure
(outside pressure - inside pressure)
is determined for the worst case to appear.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 7
8. burst pressure consideration
For burst pressure,
the maximum formation pressure anticipated while
drilling the next section is assumed.
Thus the highest burst pressure
is expected to be at the top of the casing and
least at the casing shoe
(hydrostatic pressure at annulus to counterbalance)
When the production tubing is assumed to leak gas
to the casing, this burst pressure profile is reversed.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 8
9. collapse pressure calculation
For collapse pressure, it is assumed that
the mud inside the casing is lost
to a weak or fractured formation below.
Thus the collapse pressure
is due to the hydrostatic pressure of
the fluid outside the casing and therefore
maximum at the casing shoe and
zero at the casing top.
In this way the collapse pressure
can be calculated with:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 9
10. tensile forces
The tensile forces acting on the casing are
due to its weight,
bending forces and shock loading at landing.
It should be noted that at highly deviated wells,
• landing the casing is only possible
when run partly or totally empty.
• This is also called “floating the casing in”.
Here the casing, when run,
is closed at the shoe and its inside is not filled with mud.
o This causes a buoyancy to such an extend that the casing
may has to be forced into the well.
o The casing dimensions where the buoyancy counterbalances
the casing weight is given by:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 10
11. compression loads
For tensile loading,
the topmost joint is considered
as the weakest one since it carries all the casing weight.
When casings have to carry inner strings as well
(conductor, surface and intermediate casing),
they are subjective to compression loads.
Thus production casings and casings where liners are
below are free from these loads.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 11
12. Casing loads
Since the casing is in general subjected to
a combination of external pressures and its own
weight, they are under a biaxial stress regime.
This will reduce the collapse resistance of the casing.
The amount of collapse resistance reduction can be
calculated with the methods described for drillstring
calculation.
In addition to the general casing loads discussed
above, casings are also subjected to
bending with tongs, slip crushing,
wear due to rotation of the drillstring and
running tools into the hole as well as
corrosion and fatigue.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 12
13. safety factors
As mentioned above,
the actual loadings of the casings have to be
lower than the individual casing strengths.
This is often expressed with safety factors.
Applying proper safety factors account for the
uncertainty in estimation the real loadings as well as the
change of casing properties over the lifetime of the well.
Commonly chosen safety factors are:
Collapse strength: 0.85 - 1.125
Joint strength: 1.60 - 1.80
Plain-end yield strength: 1.25
Internal yield pressure: 1.0
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 13
14. combination string
In practice,
sophisticated casing design computer programs are
available in companies that allow
complex casing loading scenarios and
the design of casing strings
with various casing pipes (different grades)
as well as variable diameters for one casing string.
Such casings are generally referred to
as “combination string”.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 14
15.
16. graphical method description
The graphical method to select casings with
the suitable grades, weights and section lengths is
the most often applied one.
Here, the individual loads
(burst, collapse and tensions) are represented
as graphs on a pressure vs. depth diagram.
The minimum strength values of the individual
casing sections are drawn as vertical lines
where the suitable ones have to be
to the right of the respective loads (stronger).
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 16
17. Diagram construction
In this way,
the depth where the minimum safety
(load and casing minimum strength are closest)
can be easily spotted and
the respective factors calculated.
To construct the diagram, following procedures can
be applied:
Burst line:
Collapse line:
Tensile line:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 17
18. Burst line:
Calculate the external
pressure due to an assumed
fluid column of 0.465 [psi/ft]
(salt saturated completion
fluid),
Calculate the internal
pressure due to the
maximum anticipated
pressures when drilling the
next section,
Calculate the burst pressure
pb as the difference between
the external and the internal
pressures,
pf[ft] maximum anticipated
formation pressure to drill
next section
TD [ft] total depth (TVD)
CSD [ft] casing setting depth
(TVD)
Gf [psi/ft] formation fluid
gradient
ρm [ppg] mud density
In this way the burst
pressure at the surface is
calculated as:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 18
19. Burst line: (Cont.)
On the pressure vs. depth graph draw a straight
line between the maximum Burst pressure at the
casing top and the minimum burst pressure at the
casing shoe,
Select from API tables casings
with burst resistance above the burst loading line,
Draw the vertical lines of the casings
with the individual grades,
The individual intersections of the burst loading line and
the casing burst resistances determine
the depths from which upwards
the casing grades can be used.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 19
20. Collapse line:
Calculate the external and internal pressure
due to the mud columns outside and inside the casing,
Calculate the collapse pressure pc as the difference
between the external and the internal pressures,
On the pressure vs. depth graph draw a straight line
between the maximum collapse pressure at the casing
shoe and the zero at the casing top,
Select from API tables casings with collapse resistance above
the collapse loading line,
Draw the vertical lines of the casings with the individual
grades,
The individual intersections of the collapse loading line
and the casing collapse resistances determine the
depths up to the casing grades can be used.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 20
21. Tensile line:
Calculate the weight of the casing string in air,
Calculate the buoyancy force,
Calculate the bending force with following equation
when designing the casing for a deviated hole,
BF [lbf] bending force
θ [◦] change of angle in deviation
Wcs [lb/ft] nominal weight of casing Wcs = 3.46.Acs
Calculate shock loads due to setting of the casing
Draw tensile loading on the pressure vs. depth graph,
Select casings from table that have higher body yield strength
than the tensile loading,
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 21
22. Final steps of the graphical design
Having drawn all three major design criteria within
one plot, a combined casing sting that is strong
enough at all depth can be selected.
Finally check that the joint strengths are larger the
calculated tensile loading.
Note that this procedure for casing design
considers strength criteria only and is not optimized
for real casing costs.
Thus a stronger casing might be preferred since it is
cheaper (availability, etc.) than a weaker one.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 22
23. Sketch of graphical design of a casing
string
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 23
24.
25.
26. Collapse design consideration
The load criteria assumed
above are based on a 100
% empty casing (collapse)
and a 100 % gas-kick filled
(burst) one respectively.
These are very conservative
assumptions that lead to
over-design causing
unnecessary high cost of
the casing string.
If standard drilling
procedures and precautions
are followed, these
assumptions are not to be
expected.
When drilling into a weak
or fractured formation that
causes lost circulation,
the remaining fluid height
can be estimated with:
• ρm [ppg] weight of mud
used to drill next section.
For this reason the casing is
supported in the inside by
the hydrostatic pressure of
the remaining mud column
of length L.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 26
27. Burst design consideration
In case of burst,
the conservative assumption can be relaxed with
the assumption that
the gas-kick will fill between 40% to 60% of the hole
before the well is shut in and steps to circulate the kick
out are taken.
Modern kick detection systems detect kicks of 20 [bbl]
and below (depending on the hole size) and thus the
assumption above could be even more relaxed.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 27
28. Casing Centralizer
To have a centered
casing string which
is essential for proper
cementing and
to lower dragging forces
when running the
casing,
so called centralizers
are placed along the
casing string.
Casing centralizers
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 28
29. Casing Centralizer Spacing
The clearance (distance between casing OD and
wall) is called “standoff”.
The centralizer spacing
should be sufficient enough to provide a minimum
standoff but
excessive use of them do
induce additional drag,
can disturb the cement flow and,
last but not least, add to the well costs.
To control vertical travel of the centralizers,
casing couplings or
various types of attached stops are applied.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 29
30. Stretch in Casing
The elongation or stretch of tubular material
resulting from pulling forces and
its own weight is part of the design calculation.
As it can easily be understood, the amount of
stretch depends on
the amount of pull,
the length of the tubular,
the elasticity of the material and
its cross-sectional area.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 2 Course (2nd Ed.) 30
31. 1. Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang F. Prassl. “Drilling
Engineering.” Master of Petroleum
Engineering. Curtin University of Technology,
2001. Chapter 8
32. 1. Necessity of Directional well
2. well’s trajectory
3. Major Types of Wellbore Trajectories
4. Trajectory rule of thumbs and terms
5. Trajectory Calculation