1. The document discusses the nervous system and clinical manifestations of nervous system diseases in animals. It covers the anatomy and functions of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
2. Clinical signs of nervous system diseases are described, including altered mentation states like mania and frenzy, depressive states, involuntary movements, abnormal posture and gait, release of inhibitory control, and paresis or paralysis.
3. Determining the type and location of lesions can be difficult, as the mode of reaction is limited. Proper history and specialized examination are essential to properly assess nervous system diseases.
Dog Diseases
Like all pets, dogs are also susceptible to diseases. It is important to exercise good pet care by having a sound knowledge of various diseases that dogs suffer from, its symptoms, familiarity of breed along with routine check-ups, proper immunizations and vaccinations and regular visits to the vet .
Dog Diseases
Like all pets, dogs are also susceptible to diseases. It is important to exercise good pet care by having a sound knowledge of various diseases that dogs suffer from, its symptoms, familiarity of breed along with routine check-ups, proper immunizations and vaccinations and regular visits to the vet .
Seizures are episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity (or a combination of these) resulting from sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
4. • Functions:
Sensory motor system: Maintenance of normal posture and gait
ANS: Activity of internal organs; Homoeostasis
Sense organs
Psychic system: Mental and behavioural state
• Dysfunction:
Increased response to sensory stimuli
Failure to respond to sensory stimuli
Transmission of impulses enhanced or depressed
Complete failure of transmission
5. Reflex
Sensory neuron (PNS) – Internuncial neuron (CNS) - Lower Motor Neuron (PNS)
Higher center not involved. No Perception
Monosynaptic reflexes - Patellar reflex
LOCATION OF LESION????.....
6. Paralysis -> Paresis Vs Plegia
• Paresis: Partial loss/weakness/Impaired voluntary
movement
• Plegia or Paralysis: Inability/ complete loss of voluntary
movement
7. NERVOUS DYSFUNCTION
CAUSES: congenital or familial, infectious or inflammatory,
toxic, metabolic, nutritional, traumatic, vascular,
degenerative, neoplastic, or idiopathic
• Exaggerated activity:
Excitation (irritation) signs
Release of inhibitory control
Neuropathic pain
• Depressed activity:
Paresis or paralysis due to tissue damage
Nervous shock
8. Neurologic Evaluation/Description
1)The anatomic location(s) of disease
2)The problem may be defined as
- diffuse, multifocal, or focal
- symmetric or asymmetric
- painful or nonpainful
- progressive, regressive or static
- mild, moderate, or severe
3) Clinicopathology (serum/blood/urine/feces/CSF)
4) Plain and Contrast radiography, CT, and MRI
9. EXCITATION (IRRITATION) SIGNS
• Increased activity of reactor organ
• Increase in nerve impulses received
Excitation of neurons
Facilitation of passage of stimuli
• Motor system: Tetany, convulsions etc.
• Sensory system: Hyperaesthesia, Paresthesia
10. Clinical Manifestations of Diseases of the
Nervous System
ALTERED MENTATION - Excitation states
a) Mania - acts in a bizarre way and appears to be
unaware of its surroundings. Maniacal actions
include licking, chewing of foreign material and
sometimes themselves, abnormal voice, constant
bellowing, apparent blindness, walking into strange
surroundings, drunken gait, and aggressiveness in
normally docile animals.
Eg: Rabies, Aujeszky’s disease, PEM, nervous ketosis,
pregnancy toxemia, acute lead poisoning, severe hepatic
insufficiency
11. b) Frenzy - violent activity, movements are uncontrolled
and dangerous
eg: Hypomagnesemic tetany, Aujeszky’s disease,
Acute colic, ammonia poisoning
c) Aggressive Behavior: willingness to attack other
animals, humans, and inert objects
Eg: early rabies, postparturient hysteria in sows
12. Clinical Manifestations of Diseases of the
Nervous System
DEPRESSIVE STATES
a) Coma
b) Syncope
c) Narcolepsy (Catalepsy)
d) lassitude
e) Somnolence
COMPULSIVE WALKING OR HEAD PRESSING
Eg: PEM, Increased ICP
AIMLESS WANDERING
13. Clinical Manifestations of Diseases of the
Nervous System
INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
A) Tremor: continuous, repetitive twitching of skeletal muscles
If local skin only fasciculations
eg: early stages of hypocalcemia in the cow
B) Tics: spasmodic twitching movements made at much longer
intervals than in tremor.
C) Tetany: Sustained contraction of muscles without tremor.
eg: C. tetani infection
D) Myoclonus: brief, intermittent tetanic contraction of the
skeletal muscles that results in the entire body being rigid for
several seconds, followed by relaxation.
eg: canine distemper
14. E) Convulsions: Convulsions, seizures, fits, or ictus are violent
muscular contractions affecting part or all of the body and
occurring for relatively short periods. result of abnormal
electrical discharges in forebrain neurons
Stage I - Prodromal phase or aura (lasts for minutes to hours, restless)
Stage II – Ictal phase (Proper convulsions)
Stage III – Post Ictal phase (Fatigue, rest, loss of conciousness)
E) Involuntary Spastic Paresis:
eg: Stringhalt in Horses – hind leg flexion
Clonic convulsions (Paddling in Meningitis) Vs
Tonic Convulsions (Strychnine/Tetanus)
15. Clinical Manifestations of Diseases of the
Nervous System
ABNORMAL POSTURE AND GAIT
A) Posture Abnormality: Vestibular disease
B) Gait Abnormality: Weakness (Paresis) and Ataxia(Swaying)
- Hypermetria (increased range of movement/Overreaching)
- Dysmetria (goose stepping –pantothenate def.)
- Cerebellar ataxia (BVD) and Sway back (Cu def.)
16. • Stimulant drugs and mild degrees of those influences
that in severe form causing depression of excitability
(hypoxia, inflammation, poisons, edema, increased ICP)
• Fluctuation in Intensity of signs due to discharge and
re-accumulation of energy
• Sign and extension of symptoms varies with the focus
of lesion
17. RELEASE OF INHIBITORY CONTROL
• Release of inhibitory effects of higher centres over lower
nervous centers
• Decerebrate rigidity due to transection of brain stem
• Cerebellar ataxia: combined limb movements exaggerated
18. PARESIS OR PARALYSIS DUE TO TISSUE DAMAGE
•Destruction of nervous tissue
Infection
depressed metabolic activity
•Failure of oxygen and nutrient supply
General absence
Failure of local circulation
• Motor system: Muscular paralysis
• Sensory system: Anaesthesia, hypoaesthesia
20. Schiff-Sherrington Phenomenon
• Due to acute, severe lesions of the spinal cord between
T2 and L3, the pelvic limb paralysis is accompanied by an
extensor rigidity of the thoracic limbs
21. NERVOUS SHOCK
An acute lesion of the nervous system, which
causes damage to nerve cells in the immediate vicinity
of the lesions, but there may be, a temporary
cessation of function in parts that are not directly
affected.
eg: Stunning
22. Horner syndrome
• Sunken appearance to the eye (enophthalmia)
• Small pupil (miosis)
• Droopy upper eyelid (ptosis)
• Absence of sweating of the face (anhidrosis)
• Prominent third eyelid.
• Loss of Sympathetic innervations to eyes and face
23. CONCLUSIONS
• Determining type of lesions is difficult: Limited range of
mode of reaction
• Destruction of tissue or reduced nutrient supply
• Proper Anamnesis and Special examination is essential
for proper assessment
• Sign time relationship:
Rapidly developing lesions: maximum disturbances
Slow developing lesions: Compensation
24. References:
•A Text book of diseases of the cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
& horses 10th edition by Otto M Radostits, Clive C Gay,
K W Hinchcliff, P D Constable.
•Duke’s Physiology of Domestic animals 12 th edition
edited by William O Reece