Babesiosis is the diseased state caused by the protozoal (single celled) parasites of the genus Babesia. Infection in a dog may occur by tick transmission, direct transmission via blood transfer from dog bites, blood transfusions, or transplacental transmission.
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
Babesiosis is the diseased state caused by the protozoal (single celled) parasites of the genus Babesia. Infection in a dog may occur by tick transmission, direct transmission via blood transfer from dog bites, blood transfusions, or transplacental transmission.
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Prevalence of canine leptospirosis has increased in recent years.
As many as 8.2% of dogs are shedding leptospires, some asymptomatically.49
Weather changes, population growth, and habitat encroachment have all increased human and canine exposure to pathogens and their carriers.
Transmission of leptospirosis can occur through direct contact or indirectly through environmental exposure.
Leptospires enter the body through mucous membranes in the mouth, eyes, or nose, or through abraded or water-softened skin.
Leptospires multiply in a host animal's bloodstream.
Leptospires move from the bloodstream to the kidneys and other tissues to continue reproducing.
Leptospires pass from the kidneys into the urine; then are shed back into the environment.
Other dogs, wild animals, or people can become infected through direct or indirect contact.
clinical signs
Fever
Lethargy
Weight loss
Anorexia
Depression
Acute renal failure
Jaundice
Abdominal discomfort
Vomiting and diarrhea
Blood in urine is uncommon, but may occur
Respiratory distress
Dogs at risk
Dogs at risk for developing leptospirosis include those with
Access to ponds, lakes, streams, or standing water
Exposure to urine from other infected animals, including:
Other dogs in shelters or other pet care facilities
Wildlife (e.g. rodents, racoons, opossum, deer), either through direct contact with urine or through contaminated water
Morbidity threats
As leptospirosis progresses, it can result in
Leptospiremia
Leptospires can multiply in the bloodstream and spread to many tissues and organs
Vascular damage/thrombocytopenia
Can lead to kidney failure and interfere with liver function
Contributes to coagulatory abnormalities and hemorrhages
Severe kidney and liver damage
Acute renal failure occurs in dogs with severe clinical signs
Acute hepatic dysfunction or chronic hepatitis have been caused by specific serovars
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Prevalence of canine leptospirosis has increased in recent years.
As many as 8.2% of dogs are shedding leptospires, some asymptomatically.49
Weather changes, population growth, and habitat encroachment have all increased human and canine exposure to pathogens and their carriers.
Transmission of leptospirosis can occur through direct contact or indirectly through environmental exposure.
Leptospires enter the body through mucous membranes in the mouth, eyes, or nose, or through abraded or water-softened skin.
Leptospires multiply in a host animal's bloodstream.
Leptospires move from the bloodstream to the kidneys and other tissues to continue reproducing.
Leptospires pass from the kidneys into the urine; then are shed back into the environment.
Other dogs, wild animals, or people can become infected through direct or indirect contact.
clinical signs
Fever
Lethargy
Weight loss
Anorexia
Depression
Acute renal failure
Jaundice
Abdominal discomfort
Vomiting and diarrhea
Blood in urine is uncommon, but may occur
Respiratory distress
Dogs at risk
Dogs at risk for developing leptospirosis include those with
Access to ponds, lakes, streams, or standing water
Exposure to urine from other infected animals, including:
Other dogs in shelters or other pet care facilities
Wildlife (e.g. rodents, racoons, opossum, deer), either through direct contact with urine or through contaminated water
Morbidity threats
As leptospirosis progresses, it can result in
Leptospiremia
Leptospires can multiply in the bloodstream and spread to many tissues and organs
Vascular damage/thrombocytopenia
Can lead to kidney failure and interfere with liver function
Contributes to coagulatory abnormalities and hemorrhages
Severe kidney and liver damage
Acute renal failure occurs in dogs with severe clinical signs
Acute hepatic dysfunction or chronic hepatitis have been caused by specific serovars
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
In general, our knowledge of tickborne
diseases in cats is substantially less than
our knowledge of the comparable disease
in dogs or human patients. One exception
to this generality is cytauxzoonosis, a
protozoal disease of cats caused by
Cytauxzoon felis. The organism is
supposedly transmitted from bobcats,
the primary reservoir host, to domestic
cats via a tick vector (the ixodid tick
Dermacentor variabilis). Because of the
rapidly fatal nature of C. felis–induced
illness, the domestic cat has usually been
considered an accidental dead-end host
for this infectious agent. Typical clinical
manifestations include depression,
lethargy, anorexia, fever, and jaundice.
This Power Point Presentation is made by me for the Veterinary Students and Veterinary Graduates so that they can find data about Anthrax. i had searched for Anthrax on slide share but there were no any power point presentation regarding Bovine Anthrax. Now i am publishing it. Thanx
Regards:
Dr. Fasih ur Rehman
Veterinarian
Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.
Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the neglected parasitic infections of the United States, a group of five parasitic diseases that have been targeted by CDC for public health action.Q fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. This bacteria naturally infects some animals, such as goats, sheep, and cattle. C. burnetii bacteria are found in the birth products (i.e. placenta, amniotic fluid), urine, feces, and milk of infected animals.
"One Health in the Prevention and Control of Rabies"Abraham_Kidane
Presented by Dr Darin S. Carroll from CDC Chief of the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch during world Rabies Day event that was designed to bring human and animal health professionals together to realize joint prevention and control efforts in the country
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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1. Department of Veterinary clinical Medicine,ethics and Jurisprudence
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Bikaner
(Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Bikaner)
A seminar On
Canine Monocytotropic
Ehrlichiosis
PRESENTED BY
Dr.RAM CHANDER Tiwari
M.V.Sc. Scholar
3. INTRODUCTION
Synonyms –
- Tracker dog disease
- Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
- Tropical canine thrombocytopenia
- Canine haemorragic fever
- Canine rickettsiosis
The disease was initially identified by Donatien and
Lestoquard in Algeria in 1935.
(Donatien and Lestoquard,
1937)
4. In 1970s a large number of American military dogs,
died during the Vietnam War from this rickettsial
disease.
(Groves et al.,
1975)
In India, E.canis was first reported in Madras by
Mudaliar 1944.
Infection occurs mainly during the warm season
when the vector tick is active.
5. ETIOLOGY
A number of Ehrlichia spp. infections have been
reported in dogs including
-E. canis
-E. chaffeensis
-E. ewingii
(Qurollo et al, 2013)
Ehrlichiosis is a rickettsial disease of dogs caused
by Ehrlichia spp., principally transmitted by nymphs
and adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
(Moraes-Filho et al.,
2015)
6. ORGANISM MORPHOLOGY
Coccobacilli
-Small, pleomorphic shape
-Gram negative
-Obligate intracellular (Rikihisa et al., 2001)
Three intracytoplasmic forms
-Initial body
-Elementary body
-Morulae
It consists of a single circular chromosome
containing 1,315,030 nucleotides.
(Mavromatis et al.,
7. Ehrlichia canis morulae within the
cytoplasm of a monocyte as seen
in blood smears (photographed at × 1000).
The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus . A
male (left) and engorged female
(right).
8. Species Name of
disease
Common
natural
host
Cells
mostly
infected
Primary
vector
Distribution
E. canis Canine
monocytic
ehrlichiosis
(CME)
Canids Primarily
monocytes
and
lymphocyte
s
Rhipicephalus
sanguineus,
Dermacentor
variabilis
Worldwide,
tropical,
subtropical,
& temperate
E.
chaffeensi
s
Human
monocytic
ehrlichiosis
(HME)
Humans,
dogs,
goats,
lemurs
in captivity
Monocytes,
macrophag
es
Amblyomma
americanum,
Dermacentor
variabilis
USA,
Europe,
Africa, South
and Central
America,
E. ewingi Canine
granulocyti
c
ehrlichiosis,
human
granulocytic
ehrlichiosis
Dogs,
humans
Primarily
neutrophils
and
eosinophils
Amblyomma
americanum,
Otobius
megnini
USA, Africa,
Korea
E.
ruminantiu
Heartwater
disease
Ruminants Endothelial
cells
Amblyomma
spp.
Africa,
Caribbean
9. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Worldwide distribution.
Free of E. canis infection - Australia.
Vertebrate hosts - family Canidae.
Arthropod vector -brown dog tick
(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)
-American dog tick
(Dermacentor variabilis )
(Dumler et al.,
2001)
10. German shepherd dog -most susceptible breed,
higher morbidity and mortality compared to other
breeds . (Nelson and Couto,
2003)
Ehrlichia canis is transmitted transstadially by
Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks.
(Bremer et al.,
2005)
Also transmitted by blood transfusion.
11. TRANSMISSION
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the primary vector of
E. canis, which is the cause of monocytic
ehrlichiosis.
(Groves et al.,
1975)
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the vector of tick-
borne pathogens affecting dogs and occasionally
humans.
(Dantas-Torres,
2010)
E. canis is currently not considered an organism
12. .
Life cycle of Ehrlichia canis. The organism is transmitted only transstadially
(from larva to nymph to adult) within the tick.
13. PATHOGENESIS
The incubation period is followed by three
consecutive stages:
-Acute phase
-Subclinical phase
-Chronic phase
(Skotarczak,
2003).
20. SUBCLINICAL PHASE
During the subclinical phase no clinical signs are
evident. (Waner et al., 2011)
CHRONIC PHASE (develops 1-4 months after bite )
Symptoms similar to acute phase(with great
severity)
-Pale mucous membrane
-Weakness
-Bleeding and
-Significant weight loss. (Harrus et al.,2011)
21. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY-
Acute stage
Significant thrombocytopenia with platelet counts
ranging from 20,000 to 52,000/μL.
Mild anemia and mildly reduced white blood cell
counts.
Sub clinical stage
Mild thrombocytopenia with platelet counts ranging
as low as 140,000/μL.
(Harrus et al.,2011; Waner et
al.,2011)
22. Leukocyte and erythrocyte counts may also be
reduced. (Waner et al.,2011)
Chronic stage
Marked pancytopenia due to bone marrow
hypoplasia is a hallmark of the chronic severe form.
(Harrus et al.,
2011)
Marked anemia and leukopenia.
23. The clinicopathological findings are
-Anemia
-Thrombocytopenia
-Pancytopenia
-Leucopenia
-Hyper-globulinemia and
-Hypo-albuminemia (Harrus and Waner,
2011; Harrus et al.,2012; Vinasco et al., 2007).
24. DIAGNOSIS
History-Tick history
Clinical signs
Hematologic abnormalities
Rapid Immunochromatographic kit test
-In a positive case both
visible
T and C band will appear indicate the presence
of
Ehrlichia Canis antibodies in the sample.
CT
25. Buffy coat smears- For demonstration of
morulae in monocytes.
-Morulae can also be seen in bone marrow cells
and cerebrospinal fluid.
PCR - PCR has been shown to be a sensitive
method for detecting acute E. canis infection in
dogs.
(Harrus et al., 2004; Mylonakis et al.,
2004)
IFA-(‘gold standard test’) An indirect fluorescent
antibody (IFA) test is usually performed to detect
antibodies in dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis.
(McBride et al., 2003)
26. ELISA-Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA) have been useful in the diagnosis E.canis.
(Harrus et al.,
2002)
Organism Cultivation-this method is expensive and
not routinely available
USG- Multiorgan dysfunction with liver and spleen
involvement is common in clinical cases of canine
monocytic ehrlichiosis.
(Ganguly and
Mukhopadhayay, 2008)
28. Antimicrobial therapy-
IV , Intravenously; PO , by mouth; SC , subcutaneously.
Drug Dose (mg/kg) Route
Preferred
(Alternative)
Interval
(hours)
Duration
(days)
Doxycycline 10
5
PO
PO
24
12
21-28
21-28
Minocycline 10 PO 12 21-28
Tetracycline 22 PO 8 21-28
Oxytetracycline 7.5-10 IV 8 21-28
Chloramphenic
ol
25-50 PO (IV/SC) 8 21-28
29. Imidocarb dipropionate (2 doses of 5mg/kg, IM,
repeat after 2-3 weeks).
Imidocarb an antiprotozoal drug,has been
successful in treating resistant E.canis infection.
This drug persist in the tissues for up to 1 month
following one dose.
When imidocarb was given as a single IM injection,
83.9% of dogs recovered. (Craig E.Greene,2005)
Drug of choice – Doxycycline (5-10 mg/kg,po)
(Harrus et al.,2004)
30. Supportive therapy
Fluid therapy-for curing dehydration in infected dog.
Blood transfusions-if the dog is severely anemic.
(platelet-rich plasma)
Glucocorticoids-(1 to 2 mg/kg prednisolone, PO)
Livertonic medicine-effective hepatostimulante
31. Monitoring of Treatment
Clinical signs improve within 48 hours.
The platelet count should remain normal at 4 and 8
weeks.
Hyperglobulinemia should gradually resolve over 6
to 9 months.
PCR should be negative at 2 weeks after
successful treatment.
32. PREVENTION
A vaccine is not currently available.
Minimizing tick exposure.
Use prophylactic drug Doxycycline (3mg/kg PO
q24h) in highly endemic areas.
All newly introduced dog into a kennel should be
serotested, treated for ticks.
Whole blood should be tested before transfusion.
33. REFERENCES
Abeygunawardena IS, Kakoma I, Smith RD. 1990. Pathophysiology of canine ehrlichiosis,
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Uvea-iris, ciliary body and choroid,Anisocoria- an unequal size of the eyes pupils, Hyperesthesia-abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of the sense
hypo echogenicity of liver
Chloramphenicol has been recommended for puppies younger than 5 month to avoid yellow discoloration of erupting teeth from tetracycline.