Development and eruption of dentition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Development and eruption
of teeth

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in Continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com


Applications of development &
eruption of teeth
 Clinical practice
 forensics
 odontology
 Anthropology


 During infancy dental age is estimated by
1. No. of teeth present in the oral cavity
2. Stages of eruption of teeth
3. Formation of crowns & roots of the teeth at each
chronological age
 During the period of mixed dentition , it is
assessed on the basis of
1. Erupted teeth present
2. The amount of resorption of the roots of
the primary teeth
3.The amount of development & presence of
permanent teeth


Eruption : it is a process by which tooth moves within
the jaw bones, comes out into the oral cavity & comes
up to the occlusal contact & maintains its clinical position
or
continuous tooth movement from the dental bud to
occlusal contact

Clinical considerations
• Diagnosis & management of most disorders
involving the size,shape, number, arrangement of teeth
• Malformations : enamel hypoplasia


Development of primary teeth
 Enamel organs do not all develop at the same
rate resulting in different times of eruption
for different groups of teeth
 Not all the primary teeth are lost at the same time
 Primary dentition is completely formed about the
age of 3
 Calcification of the primary teeth begins in utero - 13
-16 weeks postfertilization
 Primary tooth crown formation – 2-3 years from initial
calcification to root completion.
 Crown formation of primary teeth continues after birth
3 months – CI, 4 months – LI, 7 months – 1 M
8.5 months – C, 10.5 months – 2M

Chronology of primary dentition
Tooth First Crown Eruption Root
(Upper) evidence of Completed ( Mean completed
calcificatio ( months) age) ( Years)
n( Weeks ( months)
in utero)
i1 14 1½ 10 1½
i2 16 2½ 11 2
c 17 9 19 3¼
m1 15 6 16 2½
m2 19 11 29 3


(lower) evidence of Completed ( Mean completed
calcificatio ( months) age) ( Years)
n( Weeks ( months)
in utero)
i1 14 2½ 8 1½
i2 16 3 13 1½
c 17 9 20 3¼
m1 15½ 5½ 16 2¼
m2 18 10 27 3


Sequence of emergence of
primary teeth
Central incisor (A)
Lateral incisor ( B)
First molar (D)
Canine (C)
Second molar (E)

A,B, D, C, E – upper & lower


 Primary dentition is completed – 30 months or second
primary molars in occlusion
 No changes from about 30 months – 6yrs of age
 Decidiuous teeth are most important during first years of
greatest physical & mental development
 Important factors in the intiation & development of
abnormal occlusion
1. Insufficient space
2. Early loss of decidiuous teeth
3. Overretention of decidiuous teeth
4. Congenital absence of teeth
5. Dental anamolies


Transitional ( Mixed)dention
period
• First transition dentition begins with eruption of
mandibular first permanent molars
• Transition ends with loss of lost of last primary teeth at about
the age of 12 yrs
• Transition period lasts – 6 - 7yrs
• Eruptive movements of permanent teeth begin after crown
completion.
• During eruption, permanent mandibular first molars is guided
by the distal surface of second primary molar


Permanent dentition

 Initiation of the formation of permanent dentition takes place
in 3 steps
1. CI, LI, C, M1 – 1st yr
2. premolars & second molars – 2-4 yr
3. Third molars – 5-7 yrs
 First molars are the first teeth of permanent dentition to
emerge through the gingiva
 First molars often called – „ 6 years molars‟
 They emerge distal to the decidiuous second molar
 Second permanent tooth to emerge – CI
 Permanent mandibular CI erupts before the maxillary CI

Ligual to the roots of decidiuous inscisors are the follicles
of the developing incisors & canines
Developing premolars are within the bifurcation of primary
molar roots
 Permanent incisors, Canines& Premolars are called
Succedaneous teeth.
 After mandibular CI, LI erupts soon followed by maxillary
CI
 Maxillary LI erupts after about a year
 Premolars follow the maxillary laterals in sequence at the
age of 10 - 11 yrs
Mandibular canines appear at the same time
After 1yr second premolar erupt & the maxilary canine follow


Second molars erupt at the age of about 12 yrs
Second molars are called as “ 12 year molars”
Third molar erupt at the age of 17 –25 yrs

Sequence of eruption of permanent dentition
Maxillary teeth
First molars – M1
Central incisor - CI
Lateral incisor - LI
First premolar – P1
Second premolar – P2
Canine - C
Second molar – M2
Third molar – M3

Mandibular teeth

First molars – M1
Central incisor - CI
Lateral incisor - LI
Canine - C
First premolar – P1
Second premolar – P2
Second molar – M2
Third molar – M3


Chronolgy of permanent dentition
(Upper) evidence of Completed( ( Mean age) completed
calcification months) ( months) ( Years)

i1 3 –4mo 4-5yr 7 – 8 yrs 10
i2 10 – 12 mo 4 –5yr 8 – 9 yr 11
c 4 – 5 mo 6 –7yr 11- 12yr 13 - 15
P1 1½ - 1¾yr 5 –6yr 10 –11yr 12 -13
P2 2 - 2¼yr 6 – 7yr 10 –12yr 12 -14
M1 At birth 2 ½ - 3 yr 6 – 7 yr 9 -10
M2 2 ½ -3yr 7 – 8 yr 12 –13yr 14 - 16
M3 7 – 9yr www.indiandentalacademy.com
12 –16 yr 17 –21yr 18 -25

(Lower) evidence of Completed( ( Mean age) completed
calcification months) ( months) ( Years)

i1 3 –4mo 4 - 5yr 6 – 7 yrs 9
i2 3 – 4 mo 4 –5yr 7-8 yr 10
c 4 – 5 mo 6 –7yr 9 - 10yr 12 - 14
P1 1¾- 2yr 5 –6yr 10 –12yr 12 -13
P2 2 - 2¼yr 6 – 7yr 11 –12yr 13 -14
M1 At birth 2 ½ - 3 yr 6 – 7 yr 9 -10
M2 2 ½ -3yr 7 – 8 yr 11 –13yr 14 - 15
M3 8 – 10yr 12 –16 yr 17 –21yr 18 -25

 Variation of 12 –24 months ( early or late ) of the expected
eruption is considered normal
 Deciduous teeth – 4 –8 months is considered normal


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