D: Geometric outline is trapezoid. Mesiobuccal cervical ridge is prominent. Two roots, mesial and distal, are seen. E: Geometric outline is also trapezoid but with the smallest side cervically. The three buccal cusps are equal in size. It has two long, slender roots that diverge in the middle and apical third with no root trunk. The deciduous teeth, also known as primary or baby teeth, are the first set of teeth that emerge in children between 6 months and 2 years of age. There are 20 deciduous teeth total, with 10 in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible. These teeth are eventually

3.  Deciduous
teeth are that teeth which function
during childhood and then they are shed and
replaced by permanent teeth. The word
deciduous comes from a Latin word meaning to
fall off.
 There are 20 teeth in the deciduous dentition; 10
maxillary and 10 mandibular teeth.
 These teeth emerge in children between the ages
of 6 months and 2 years
 Beginning at the age of 6 years these teeth are
gradually replaced by the teeth of the permanent
dentition.

4. Names: Temporary teeth, milk teeth, baby
teeth. Primary teeth, all are improper terms
because they means that deciduous teeth
are useful for a short period only.
Importance of deciduous teeth
a-They need for many years from 6month to
12 years.
b-They are importance during growth and
development for proper arrangement of the
permanent teeth and proper development of
the dental arches.

5. 
Eruption of the deciduous teeth Start from 6month to
2years and root completed at 3years.
18m
8m
7m
14m
24m
20m
12m
16m
6m
7m

6. Shedding of the deciduous teeth
 Shedding
is the process of exfoliation of the
deciduous teeth.
 Shedding dates:
 Upper and lower central incisors at 7years.
 Upper and lower lateral incisors 8y.
 Lower canine and first molar 9y.
 Upper molar and lower second molar at 10y.
 Upper canine 11y.
 Roots resorped first at the apex and continues in
the direction of the crown until the entire root is
resorped completely then crown is lost due to
lack of support.

7. From 6m to 6y deciduous dentition.
From 6y to 12y mixed dentition.
Over 12 years permanent dentition.
Retained deciduous tooth:
Any deciduous tooth remain in the
mouth of the child beyond the age
of 12 years.

8.  Smaller
in size than the permanent teeth.
 The enamel is whiter in color and more
opaque which gives the crown a lighter color
than that of the permanent teeth.
 The enamel of the deciduous teeth is less
mineralized, more permeable and more easily
worn down.
 They have shorter crowns with respect to their
roots.
 The enamel of deciduous teeth ends suddenly
at the cervical line, while in the permanent it
tapers gradually towered the neck of the teeth .

9. *The crowns are more bulbous, because they are wider
MD compared to their crown length.
*The crown of deciduous teeth are more constricted
cervically as they are narrower at their neck.
*The crown of deciduous teeth have prominent cervical
ridge in anterior teeth (ABC) in posterior teeth cervical
ridge much more pronounced especially upper and
lower D.
 The crown of the deciduous teeth have more
flattened and smooth no depression or perikymata
on the labial surface of anterior teeth.
* Cervical line in deciduous teeth is more or less straight
not curved as in permanent teeth.
*There is no root trunk, root divided immediately at the
neck of the tooth.

10.  Roots
of molars are more divergent to
accommodate tooth germ of permanent successors.
 Crown to root ratio is greater than permanent 1 to
2 while in permanent 1 to 1.5.
 Roots are thin or slender.
 The second molar roots are spread widely than the
first deciduous molar.
 All deciduous teeth undergo calcification before
birth while only the first permanent molar show
calcification at birth.
 There is no mamelones on the incisal edges of
anterior teeth.


The molar crown have a narrow chewing surface
buccolingually.
The cusps of the molars are short, the ridges are not
pronounced and also the occlusal and surfaces groove
and depressions not deep.

11. The pulp of deciduous teeth
 Deciduous
teeth have large
pulp chamber, higher pulp
horn, limited dentine
thickness particularly in
lower second molar.
 The enamel of primary molars
is thinner and has more
consistent depth.
 The enamel rods at the cevical
slope occlusally instead of
gingivally as in the permanent
teeth.

12. Constricted
neck
Sharp cusp



(a) labial surface is convex ,no developmental lines, MD
width greater than CI length. MI angle is sharp and DI angle
is rounded. IR is straight. Root is cone shape and taper to the
apex.
(b) crown smaller than (a) ,CI greater than MD,2 angles are
rounded. Root similar to A but longer.
M slope greater than D slope, MCA and DCA at the same
level about middle of the crown .Well developed long and
sharp cusp .Neck more constricted . M and D outline are
convex .Root is long slender tapering and inclined distally.

13. MMR
DMR
LF



LR
2L fossae
(a) geometric outline is trapezoid. Well developed M&DMR,
deep lingual fossa, highly developed cingulum may extend
toward the incisal ridge to the extent that partially divides the
lingual fossa into mesial and distal fossa. Root is very narrow
resembling a ridge extends for its whole length.
(b) smaller than (a).
(c) pronounced cingulum, pronounced M&DMR ,pronounced
DIC&MIC ridges ,lingual ridge well developed its continuation
incisally give tubercle on cusp tip. Root is narrow lingually due
to the lingual convergence.

14. Root convex
with DG
CL convex
toward IR
Greater
Labiolingual
(a) geometric outline is triangular . C.L is convex toward the
incisal ridge. Labiolingual dimension greater in compared
to the crown length especially at cervical third. Also
crown appear thick labiolingually in the cervical and
middle third. Root is convex and has deep DG or
concavity.
 (b) similar to (a).
 (c) show much greater labiolingual dimension at cervical
third. Root is very long. This allows maximum strength to
the canine to resist force applied on it during function.

15.  (a)
labiolingual greater than MD. Labial surface
broad & smooth, lingual surface tapers toward
the cingulum, M&D surfaces relatively broad to
allow proper C.A. with adjacent teeth. IR is
straight and centered labiolingually.
 (b) similar to (a) but it smaller.
 (c) crown appear diamond with pronounced
cervical ridge, MCA&DCA and cingulum. The
cusp tip is distal to the center because M slope
longer than D slope.

16. D
 (d)
M
labial surface is flat and has no DG. M&D sides
tapers from C.A. to a narrow cervix. Root long and
tapers to pointed apex.
 (e) similar to (d) but it is larger in all dimension. IR
sloped toward distal side so the distal contact area
more cervically.
 (f) M slope shorter than D slope.

17. 


(d) lower central incisor, all elevations are well developed.
Lingual fossa is flattened or slightly concave at the middle third
of the crown. Crown and root is narrower than labial due to the
lingual convergence.
(e) lower lateral incisor, lingual fossa more concave than lower
central incisor lower central incisor (d). Cingulum more
developed than lower central incisor (d). IR slope downward D.
(f) lower canine similar to upper deciduous canine.

18. (d) lower central incisor no lingual inclination, IR is centered
over the axis of the root. Well developed cervical ridge and
cingulum. Root is flat and tapers to blunt apex.
 (e) lower lateral incisor lingual inclination, C.R. and cingulum
less developed.
 (c) lower canine similar to upper canine but C.R. and cingulum
less developed.


19. A
B
C
A lower central incisor, incisal ridge is straight and centered
labiolingually. Labial surface is flat or slightly convex. Also
lingual surface is flat.
 B lower lateral incisor, incisal ridge is inclined toward the
distal side.
 C lower canine crown appear diamond . All ridges less
prominent than upper canine. The lingual ridge is raised in the
incisal third & then less distinct .


20. Mandibular lower central deciduous incisor
Labial aspect
Lingual aspect
Mesial aspect
Distal aspect

21. Mandibular lower lateral deciduous incisor
labial
lingual
Mesial
Distal

22. Mandibular lower deciduous canine
Distal
Labial
Lingual
Mesial

23. Maxillary first & second deciduous molars
Maxillary first molar
Maxillary second molar

24. Buccal aspects of upper deciduous
molars
Upper (E)
Upper (D)
Well developed cusps
MBCR
Occ. outline slightly scalloped

Upper D (a): geometric outline of the crown is trapezoid.
Buccal surface is very smooth with little evidence of developmental groove
 Occlusal outline has a slightly scalloped appearance with no definite cusp
form.
 There is mesio-buccal cervical ridge (MBCR)
 3Roots are seen MBR, DBR & LR
 Upper E (b):. Geometric outline of the crown is trapezoid.
 Crown converge markedly from the contact area to the cervical line.
 MBC equal DBC or MBC larger than DBC.
 3Roots are seen MBR,DBR& LR. Roots are thicker than D
 The roots of both molars are divergent ,long &slender ,no root trunk.


25. Lingual aspects of upper deciduous molars
Trapezoid outline
Upper (D)
Upper (E)
Lingual narrower
than buccal
MLC DLC
MMR
D
Tubercle of carabelli
MLC DLC
Crown converge lingually. MLC largest &sharpest
cusps. DLC is very poorly defined small and round.
MMR is prominent. DBC is larger and better
developed than DLC so may be seen. D may be 3cusped type one lingual cusp with no developmental
groove.
 E MLC is long & well developed. DLC less developed.
Tubercle of carabelli is seen related to MLC.

26. Mesial aspects of upper deciduous molars
Outline form is trapezoid
with the shortest of uneven
sides is occlusally.
Upper (D)
Board& flat
M
B
R
L
R
M
B
R
L
R
Upper (E)
MBCR








D Crown is constricted at the occlusal 1/3 than cervically.
Crown has pronounced cervical ridge buccally (MBCR). C.L.
shows slight curvature occlusally.
Roots MBR, LR . The DBR hidden by MBR.
E crown is o.5 mm longer than D.
B-L dimension is 1.5-2 mm longer than D .
Roots are 1.5-2 mm longer than D. Cervical line almost straight
line.
MBR is broad & flat.
LR is extend lingually beyond crown outline, It is long&
slender& it is above middle 1/3 curves buccally.

27. Distal aspects of upper deciduous molars
L
R
Poorly developed
DL
C



L
R
MBR
D
B
R
CL
straight
MLC Long&
DBCsharp
D
B
R
DLC
DBC
Lingual outline is
semicircular
MB
R
Bifurcation at
lower level
Buccal outline is
straight
D Crown converge distally (narrow than mesially). Cervical
ridge is not so marked as mesially. Cervical line is straight or
slightly curved occlusally.
E also it is narrower distally than mesially.
The lingual outline appears semicircular, while the buccal outline is straight.
DB&DL cusps are about the same length. Cervical outline is straight. All
three roots seen from this aspect. The point of bifurcation between DB& L
roots is higher towered the crown than any other aspects.

28. Occlusal aspects of upper D
Rectangular with
oblique ridge
B
MBC
Rectangular
Distal occlusal
groove
D
D
MBC
DBC
DLC
Heart shape
MBCR
B
MLC
MBC
M
3Supplemental
groove
L
B
DBC
MB
C
LC
L
D
M
DBC
DLC
OR
MLC
L
R
M
Hexagonal
BC
LC

29. Occlusal aspects of deciduous upper molars






D the occlusal surface is rectangular. The crown converge lingually &
distally.
The occlusal surface presented , CF&MTF the two fossae are connected by
central developmental groove.
Central pit in the central of the center fossa from it extended B groove.
Mesial pit in the MTF give three grooves one buccally, one lingually & one
mesial.
Oblique ridge found between ML&DB cusps. If there is no oblique ridge
central developmental groove extend from mesial pit & give disto-occlusal
groove . Disto-occlusal groove give lingual groove between ML&DL cusps.
E The occlusal surface is rhomboidal, has 4 well
developed cusps & small fifth cusp.
Oblique ridge between ML&DB cusps. Central fossa,
MTF,DTF, BG,LG,CG. The occlusal surface resemble the
occlusal surface of upper 6

30. Mandibular first deciduous molar
 This
teeth does not
resemble any of the
other teeth either
deciduous or
permanent .It appears
strange and primitive.

31. The second deciduous molar
 It
resembles the first
permanent molar
(lower 6) but it is
smaller in size.

32. Buccal aspects of lower
deciduous molar







D : geometric outline is trapezoid
Mesiobuccal cusp is longer than
distobuccal cusp.
As in upper D mesiobuccal cervical ridge
is prominent (MBCR) makes the cervical
line dips downward to outline this shape.
There are two roots MR&DR.
E: geometric outline is trapezoid, the
small of uneven side cervically.
3 buccal cusps are equal in size
MBC=BC=DBC.
Two roots MR&DR, they are long,
slender & diverge M-D at middle and
apical 1/3. No root trunk.
Distal outline is
converge markedly
to the C.L.
DD
DBC
BC MBC
E
DBC MBC
D
MBCR
M.
outline
is
straight
Long, slender&
diverge roots

33. Lingual aspects of
lower
deciduous lower
molarsroot converge MLC long&
 D crown and
sharp







lingually.
MLC is long and sharp.
DLC is well developed and
rounded.
MMR is well developed
(regarded as third lingual
cusp).
E crown and root converge
lingually.
MLC=DLC
Parts of 3 B cusps may be
seen.
Mesial part of the crown is
longer than distal part.
DLC rounded
MMR
D
MLC DLC
E

34. Mesial aspects of deciduous lower molars








Geometric outline is rhomboidal.
MBC
D buccal outline is flat above the
MLC
Flat
convex of the MBCR. It is longer than
lingual outline (cervical line extends
D
upward in B-L direction)
MBCR
The lingual outline extends out lingually
M
beyond the confines of root base.
root
MBC is placed over the root base. Deep
Root apex is flat and almost square. DG
E: MLC is longer than MBC.
Compared to lower 6 the cervical ridge
is prominent in lower E & it more
Root apex is
constricted occlusally( due to the flatting flat & almost
of the buccal outline above the cervical square
line to buccal cusp tip).
M root is broad ,flat & blunt apex
sometimes serrated apex.
MLC
longer
MBC
E
Broad
& flat
Serrated

35. Distal aspects of lower first deciduous
DMR MBC
MLC
molar







D: distal aspect differs from
mesial aspect:
1-crown has an equal length
B&L.
2-DBC&DLC are not so long
and sharp as MBC&MLC.
3-DMR is less developed than
MMR.
4-B outline less curved at the
cervical 1/3 .
5-C.L. is straight.
6-Distal root is shorter, more
rounded, taper more in its
apical third.
DLC
DBC
D root
M root

36. Distal aspects of lower second
DMR
deciduous molar
 E:
distal aspect differs from
distal aspect:
 1- Distal surface is narrower
than mesial surface
MBC&MLC are seen ,also
the DLC well developed.
 2- DMR is shorter &at lower
level than MMR.
 3- Distal root tapers more at
the apical third.
MBC
MLC
BC
DLC
DBC
D
root
M
root

37. Occlusal aspects of lower deciduous molars
Rhomboidal
outline






Rectangular
outline
D : occlusal aspect is rhomboidal in shape.
E: occlusal aspect is rectangular in shape.
MD dimension at the buccal side larger than MD dimension
at the lingual side so the crown converge lingually.
Also the crown converge distally .
DTF not so well defined as mesial fossa.
DMR is not as highly developed as mesial marginal ridge.

38. Buccal
Lingual
Mesial
Distal

39. Buccal
Lingual
Mesial
Distal