mainly age estimation by teeth and ossification of bones but in this ppt shows only age determination on the based of teeth

1. AGE
ESTIMATION
PEEYUSH SONI
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

2. The age of an individual. It can be determined by three types
• On the basis of teeth
• On the basis of ossification of bone
• And on the basis of miscellaneous particulars
I. Birth certificate
II. Changes occurring at puberty
III. Changes due to old age
Age Determination

3. Age determination from teeth, It is necessary to know
1. The teeth difference between the two sets of teeth
2. The time of their eruption
3. The period when their root calcification is complete or X- ray
examination
On The Basis Of Teeth

4. Difference Between The Two
Sets Of Teeth
The two sets of teeth
1. Temporary or milk teeth – 20 in number
2. Permanent teeth – 32 in numbers
In Each Jaw
In Temporary Teeth In Permanent Teeth
4 Incisors 4 Incisors
2 Canines 2 Canines
-- 4 Premolars
4 Molars
6 Molars
In Each Jaw
Temporary
212
Permanent
2123 tobeContinue…….

5. Difference In Temporary And
Permanent Teeth
Temporary Teeth Permanent Teeth
1. Small, Narrow, Light and delicate 1. Big broad, Heavy, and Strong
2. Colour - Crowns China-White 2. Colour – Crowns ivory-white
3. Neck more constricted 3. Neck less constricted
4. Edges serrated 4. Edges not serrated
5. Anterior teeth vertical 5.
Anterior teeth usually inclined
somewhat forward
6.
Molars are usually larger, their crowns
are flat, smaller root and more
divergent
6.
Premolars which replace the temporary
molars are usually smaller, their crowns
have cups which sharply differentiate
them .Their roots are bigger and
relatively

6. The Time Of Their Eruption
Temporary Teeth
• The temporary dentition begins about the six months and is completed by
about 30months. The average child should have –
1. 8 teeth at 12 months or 1-year
2. 16 teeth at 18 months (1 ½ years)
3. 20 teeth at 24 – 30 months (2-2 ½ years)
The temporary teeth begin to shed from the 6-7 year, after the eruption of
the first molar behind the second temporary molar tooth. The period of mixed
dentition persists till about 12-13 years.
tobeContinue…….
Temporary Teeth Eruption Time
Central Incisors (lower) 6-8 months
Central Incisors (upper) 7-9 months
Lateral Incisors (upper) 7-9 months
Lateral Incisors (lower) 10-12 months
1st molar 12-14 months
Canines 17-18 months
2nd molar 24-30 months

7. Permanent Teeth
• The permanent teeth appear first in lower jaw.
• Premolar (bicuspids) are very most irregular and are of little value in fixing
the age.
• 1st molar appear in 6th year
• 2nd molar appear in 12th year
• 3rd molar (wisdom tooth) appear in 18-25 year and is very irregular.
(Due to evolutionary reduction in the length of the jaw bone, the 3rd molar may remain
impacted [wedges b/w the 2nd molar and jaw bone]. Therefore after 12 years, the
lengthening of the ramus of the lower jaw behind the 2nd molar, known as ‘space for the
last molar’ should be looked for)
Permanent Teeth Eruption Time
1st molars 6-7 years
Central Incisors 6-8 years
Lateral Incisors 8-9 years
1st Premolar 9-11 years
2nd Premolar 1012 years
Canines 11-12 years
2nd molars 12-14 years
3rd molars (wisdom) 17-21 years

8. The Time Of Their Root Calcification
• The presence of one wisdom tooth or 3rd molar usually means that the subject
has passed the age of 17years. If there are two about 19 years, three about 21
years and four 22 years or above.
• If the wisdom teeth are erupted, an X-ray should be taken to ascertain if their
roots are calcified, if they are not, there is a strong presumption that the age
is below 25 years.
• Normally complete calcification of the roots of the teeth takes place within 3
or 4 years of the day of eruption
• The extent and degree of calcification can also thus help in the estimation of
age. If there is a wide gap from birth, it is called “Diastema”.
Temporary Teeth Complete Root Calcification
Central Incisors (lower) 1 ½ -2 years
Central Incisors (upper) 1 ½ -2 years
Lateral Incisors (upper) 1 ½ -2 years
Lateral Incisors (lower) 1 ½ -2 years
1st molar 2-2 ½ years
Canines 2-2 ½ years
2nd molar 3 years
tobeContinue…….

9. Permanent Teeth Complete Root Calcification
1st molars 9-10 years
Central Incisors 10 years
Lateral Incisors 11 years
1st Premolar 12-13 years
2nd Premolar 13-14 years
Canines 13-15 years
2nd molars 14-16 years
3rd molars (wisdom) 18-25 years