This document discusses depression and anxiety, including their signs, symptoms, types, and treatments. Depression is described as a common and treatable medical illness that affects physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Anxiety involves feelings of fear, worry, and uneasiness. The document outlines different types of depression and anxiety and lists common signs and symptoms. It also discusses diagnostic evaluations and various treatment options for depression and anxiety, including medications, psychotherapy, and alternative therapies like exercise.

1. Depression And
Anxiety

3. Presented By
Abdul Mateen
Khan

4. Presented To
Sir Qaisar
Khalid
Mahmood

5. What is Depression?
Depression is
a condition
that affects
the mind and
the body .
It is a very
common,
highly
treatable,
medical
illness .
It as well
affects
physical,
mental and
emotional
well being .

6. What is Anxiety?
Anxiety is a feeling of fear, worry and uneasiness .
It is often accompanied by muscular tension,
restlessness and problems in concentration .
Anxiety is not the same as fear which is an
immediate threat whereas it is the expectations of
future threat .

7. Depression & Anxiety

8. What are the types of depression and anxiety?
Depression
• Major Depression
• Minor Depression
• Psychotic Depression
• Postpartum Depression
• Situational Depression
• Seasonal affective
disorder
Anxiety
•Generalized Anxiety
Disorder
•Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
•Panic Disorder
• Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
• Social Phobia
•Specific Phobia

9. Signs and Symptoms of
Clinical Depression
Physical:
• Sleep disturbances-insomnia, oversleeping, waking up early
•Changes in appetite or eating: much more or much less
•Decreased energy, fatigue (exhausted)
•Headaches, stomachaches, digestive problems unexplained
Behavioral/Attitude:
•Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed, such as going out with
friends, hobbies, sports, sex, etc.
•Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
•Neglecting responsibilities or personal appearance
Emotional:
•Persistent sad or "empty" mood, lasting two or more weeks
•Crying "for no reason"
•Feeling hopeless, helpless, guilty or worthless
•Feeling irritable, agitated or anxious
•Thoughts of death or suicide

10. Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety
Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness
Shortness of breath
Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
Muscle tension

14. Diagnosis, tests
and evaluation
•See a doctor
•Rule out all other
possibilities
• Physical
examination,
interview, and lab
tests can be used
•Complete history
of symptoms
Depression
• See a doctor
• Interview to discus
health history to rule
out all other
possibilities .
• If symptoms are
positive patient will be
referred to psychiatrist
or psychologist for
special diagnosing .
• Diagnosis is based on
duration and intensity
of symptoms .
Anxiety

15. Complications
Depression
•Alcohol abuse
• Substance abuse
•Anxiety
•Work or school problems
• Family conflicts
•Relationship difficulties
• Social isolation
• Suicide
• Self-mutilation, such as
cutting
• Premature death from
other medical conditions
Anxiety
•Depression
• Substance abuse
• Trouble sleeping
(insomnia)
• Digestive or bowel
problems
•Headaches
• Teeth grinding (bruxism)
• Substance use disorders

16. Depression
Treatments & medications
• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Citalopram(Celexa)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)
• Paroxetine (Paxil)
• Escitalopram (Lexapro)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
The newest and
most popular types
of antidepressant
medications
include:
•Venlafaxine (Effexor)
•Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Serotonin and nor
epinephrine
reuptake inhibitors
(SNRIs) are similar to
SSRIs and include:

17. Alternative Treatments
Psychotherapy- “Talk therapy“
Two main types of psychotherapies-cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
and interpersonal therapy (IPT)-have been shown to be effective in
treating depression by teaching new ways of thinking and behaving.
•Electroconvulsive therapy- ”Shock therapy"
Can provide relief for people with severe depression who have not
been able to feel better with other treatments.
•St. John’s Wart- Top-selling botanical product in US
A trial found that St. John’s wart was no more effective than the
placebo in treating major depression. Still performing clinical trials to
see the benefits on minor depression.

19. Anxiety Treatments/medications
Medication: Drugs used to reduce the
symptoms of anxiety disorders include anti-depressants
and anxiety-reducing drugs.
Psychotherapy: Dealing with their disorder.
Relaxation therapy

20. Just to think about….
• If untreated, depression leads to suicide in
about 15% of the people it affects.
•Depression is the leading cause of disability
and premature death in adults and is
predicted to be the second leading cause of
disability in people of all ages by the year 2020.
• Anxiety affects over 40 million Americans each
year (18+ yrs. old)

21. Effects of training on disease or
patient with disease…
Improved mood
Improved self-concept
Improved work behavior
Decreased depression and anxiety
Improved social networks

22. Conclusions
Women are twice as likely to be affected as men by depression and anxiety.
Together they cost $125+ billion per year
Can become life threatening if untreated
Special considerations much be made when planning exercise testing (should
be enjoyed)
Medications (side effects) must be documented to plan testing and exercises
programs accordingly.
Regular exercise is extremely beneficial for patients with depression and anxiety.

23. Thank you So Much
The End