Mood disorders are characterized by episodes of depressed or manic mood. They are caused by biological, psychological, and social factors. Common types of mood disorders include major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder, which involve emotional, cognitive, somatic, and behavioral symptoms. Treatment involves psychotherapy such as CBT, medication like SSRIs, or electroconvulsive therapy in severe cases. Mood disorders are highly prevalent and affect women more than men.
Depression is a mental disorder and has become most common in recent years. This slide or presentation deals with all types of aetiologies of depression, theories that are involved in development of depression, pathophysiology of drepression, various classes anti-depressant their pharmacology with the adverse events or effects. This also gives a brief note on difference between depression and sadness.
Depression is a mental disorder and has become most common in recent years. This slide or presentation deals with all types of aetiologies of depression, theories that are involved in development of depression, pathophysiology of drepression, various classes anti-depressant their pharmacology with the adverse events or effects. This also gives a brief note on difference between depression and sadness.
This was a lecture in the course "Significant Medical Conditions in Seniors" presented at Peer Learning in Chapel Hill, NC, USA in 2016 by Michael C. Joseph, MD, MPH.
Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting a great number of individuals. This presentation covers most common causes of depression, its symptoms and most effective treatments. Alcohol, drugs, and risk of suicide are also addressed. Presentation created by Lucia Merino, LCSW for Women in Transition,a weekly support group offered at Kaiser Permanente Adult Psychiatry -Cupertino, CA. 2014
Module: Pharmacotherapy III
Module Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Postgraduate, Master of Pharmacy in Clinical Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This presentation is for Educational purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it.
Depression Explained by Ashutosh P Jadhav.
an Amazing presentation for Awareness of Depression,
and explained in detail what is Depression.
DO share with others.
Depression, ICD 10 – Diagnostic criteria for Depressive episode, DSM IV Criteria for major Depressive episode, Types of depression, Causal factors, signs, suicide, Alcohol, Treatment,........
This ppt will provide a complete information on the topic Depression. It Will also provide the types of depression, pathophysiology involved, causes, drugs used in Depression and its management.
Mood disorder characterized by disturbance of mood. it includes mania or depressive syndrome. it includes definition, causes, sign and symptoms, treatment and nursing diagnosis etc.
This was a lecture in the course "Significant Medical Conditions in Seniors" presented at Peer Learning in Chapel Hill, NC, USA in 2016 by Michael C. Joseph, MD, MPH.
Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting a great number of individuals. This presentation covers most common causes of depression, its symptoms and most effective treatments. Alcohol, drugs, and risk of suicide are also addressed. Presentation created by Lucia Merino, LCSW for Women in Transition,a weekly support group offered at Kaiser Permanente Adult Psychiatry -Cupertino, CA. 2014
Module: Pharmacotherapy III
Module Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Postgraduate, Master of Pharmacy in Clinical Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This presentation is for Educational purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it.
Depression Explained by Ashutosh P Jadhav.
an Amazing presentation for Awareness of Depression,
and explained in detail what is Depression.
DO share with others.
Depression, ICD 10 – Diagnostic criteria for Depressive episode, DSM IV Criteria for major Depressive episode, Types of depression, Causal factors, signs, suicide, Alcohol, Treatment,........
This ppt will provide a complete information on the topic Depression. It Will also provide the types of depression, pathophysiology involved, causes, drugs used in Depression and its management.
Mood disorder characterized by disturbance of mood. it includes mania or depressive syndrome. it includes definition, causes, sign and symptoms, treatment and nursing diagnosis etc.
This slide contains information regarding mood disorder and depression. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated.
The Depression has a variety of complicated causes, including genetic, environmental, and psychological ones. The likelihood of developing depression might be boosted by a history of depression in the family, persistent stress, and particular illnesses or treatments. Depressive disorders can also arise as a result of trauma, abuse, and substance addiction.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. DIAGNOSING MOOD DISORDERS
Defined in terms of
episodes
discrete periods of
time in which the
person’s behavior is
dominated by either a
depressed or manic
mood
3. biological factors
(heritability approx. 40% for women)
psychological factors
stressful life events, hopelessness, negative cognitive
styles - overgeneralization
social and cultural factors
marital dissatisfaction
70% of people suffering with major depressive disorder or
dysthymia are women
CAUSES OF MOOD DISORDERS
4.
5. DEPRESSION
Can refer to either:
A mood: a pervasive and sustained emotional response
A clinical syndrome: a combination of emotional, cognitive and
behavioral symptoms
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to
activity that can have a negative effect on a person's
thoughts, behavior, feelings, world view and physical
well-being.
is a mental disorder characterized by episodes of all-
encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem
and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable
activities
6. Subtypes of Depression
•Melancholic(a failure of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli, ,
psychomotor retardation .excessive weight loss, guilt)
•Psychotic (the term for a major depressive episode, in particular of
melancholic nature, wherein the patient experiences psychotic
symptoms such as delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations)
•Catatonic (lack of movement or extreme agitation, . Here,
the person is mute and almost stuporose, and either is immobile or
exhibits purposeless or even bizarre movements.)b
•Atypical (is characterized by mood reactivity (paradoxical
anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased
appetite (comfort eating), excessive sleep or sleepiness
(hypersomnia), a sensation of heaviness in limbs known as leaden
paralysis, and significant social impairment as a consequence of
hypersensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection.positive
emotional experiencing)
7. •Postpartum (it refers to the intense, sustained and
sometimes disabling depression, It is quite common for
women to experience a short-term feeling of tiredness and
sadness in the first few weeks after giving birth; however,
postpartum depression is different because it can cause
significant hardship and impaired functioning at home, work,
or school as well as, possibly, difficulty in relationships with
family members, spouses, or friends, or even problems
bonding with the newborn )
•Seasonal (winter depression" or "winter blues",). Some
people have a seasonal pattern, with depressive episodes
coming on in the autumn or winter, and resolving in spring.
8. PREVALENCE AND PROGNOSIS
Among adults, 15-to-24-year olds are most
likely to have had a major depressive episode
in the past month.
Major depressive episodes often resolve over
time whether or not they are treated.
Recurrence is more likely if symptoms have
not fully resolved with treatment
9. ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION:-
Genetic factors :10-20% Life time risk of depression
- depression results when a preexisting vulnerability, is
activated by stressful life events
personality factors(- Psychothymic personality)
Early environment
social factors
Neurobiological factors(monoamine hypothesis: monoamine
hypothesis postulates that a deficiency of certain
neurotransmitters is responsible for the corresponding
features of depression)
HPA(Hypo pituitary axis) problem
2 models : psychodynamic psychotherapy(Sigmund
Freud),Cognitive model (beck)
10. FOUR TYPES OF SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED
WITH MOOD DISORDERS
Emotional
Cognitive
Somatic
Behavioral
11. EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS
People who are depressed describe themselves as
feeling utterly gloomy, dejected and despondent
Manic patients experience euphoric like
symptoms(emotional condition in which a person
experiences intense feelings of well-being, elation,
happiness, excitement, and joy)
anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure in usual
activities), irritability, withdrawal from social situations
and activities, reduced sex drive.
12. COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS
Involve changes in the way people think about themselves and their
surroundings
Manic patients report sped up thoughts and ideas
Poor concentration, indecisiveness, poor self-esteem,
suicidal thoughts, delusions, preoccupied with, or
ruminate over, thoughts and feelings of worthlessness,
inappropriate guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and
self-hatred, forgetfulness,
13. SOMATIC SYMPTOMS
Related to basic physiological or bodily functions
Include fatigue, aches and pains, and serious changes in
appetite or sleeping patterns
Sleep or appetite disturbances, oversleeping, can also
happen, catatonia, fatigue, loss of memory ,, agitate or
lethargic,
14. BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS
Changes in the things that people do and the
rate at which they do them
Psychomotor retardation often accompanies
the onset of depression
Manic patients show energetic, provocative and
flirtatious behavior
15. DYSTHYMIC DISORDER
it is a serious state of chronic depression,
which persists for at least 2 years; it is less
acute and severe than major depressive
disorder
Never without at least two of the following
symptoms for more than two months
Poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or
hypersomnia, low energy, low self esteem, poor
concentration, feelings of hopelessness
Life time Risk for 3 years.
16. PREVALENCE OF MOOD DISORDERS
Ratio of unipolar to bipolar is at least 5:1
Lifetime prevalence of all mood disorders is 8%,
ranked third behind substance abuse disorders and
anxiety disorders
17. GENDER DIFFERENCES
Women are two or three times more vulnerable to
depression than men
Sex hormones, stressful life events, childhood adversity,
etc
May be more likely to seek treatment
May be more likely to be labeled as depressed
No differences seen in bipolar disorders
18. MANAGEMENT:-
The three most common treatments for depression are
psychotherapy, medication, and electroconvulsive therapy.
Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for people under 18
while electroconvulsive therapy is used only as a last resort.
Mild depression:-
no pharmacotherapy- only psychotherapy, Physical
exercise is recommended for management of mild depression
Moderate depression:-
Mainly we focus on psychotherapy n drugs.
Severe depression:-
Intense psychotherapy n drugs.
19. PSYCHOTHERAPY(MDISC)
Marital/couple therapy
Dialectical behavior therapy
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Supportive therapy
CBT
COUNCELLING
Psychotherapy is a general term referring to
therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted
between a trained professional and a client
20. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
CBT combines both cognitive therapy and behavioral
therapy
Cognitive Therapy teaches a person how certain thinking
patterns are causing their symptoms-by giving them a distorted
picture of what's going on in their life, and making them feel
anxious, depressed or angry for no good reason, or provoking
them into ill-chosen actions.
21. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Behavioral Therapy helps patients weaken the
connections between troublesome situations and their
habitual reactions to them. It also teaches them how to
calm their mind and body, so they can feel better, think
more clearly, and make better decisions
teaches a person how certain thinking patterns are
causing their symptoms by giving them a distorted
picture of what’s going on in their life & making
themselves feel anxious, depressed or angry 4 o
good reason
_BEHAVIORAL THERAPY It teaches them
how to calm their mind & body , so they can feel
better , think more easily & make better
decisions
22. DRUG MANAGEMENT
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
are the primary medications prescribed
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
(SNRIs)
23. SUMMARY
• Mood disorders are very common mental
disorders, yet they often go undetected and
untreated
• There are gender differences in rates of
diagnosed depression