The document discusses the dentin-pulp complex, detailing the embryological, histological, and functional aspects of dentin and pulp as a unified tissue. It categorizes types of dentin, outlines the anatomy and functions of dental pulp, and emphasizes its clinical significance, including changes with age. Additionally, it addresses theories of dentin sensitivity related to nerve endings and fluid movement in dentinal tubules.

1. Dentin pulp complex
UploadUpload By : Ahmed Ali AbbasBy : Ahmed Ali Abbas
Babylon University College of DentistryBabylon University College of Dentistry
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2. Dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and
functionally the same tissue and therefore are considered
as a complex

3. ToothTooth
Dentin
Tooth Crown
Tooth Root
Pulp

4. Both dentin and pulp have a common origin from the dental papilla.

5. DentinDentinPulpPulp

6. DentinDentin
PulpPulp
Odontoblast cell layer

7. Dentin
Pulp

8. Types of Dentin
Dentin
Primary physiologic
dentin
Secondary physiologic
dentin
Tertiary dentin or
reparative dentin or
reactionary dentin or
irregular secondary dentin
Mantle
dentin
Circumpulpal
dentin

10. Types of Dentin
• Primary dentin: is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of
the apical foramen of the root. Primary dentin is noted for its regular
pattern of tubules.
• Secondary dentin: is the dentin that is formed after the completion of the
apical foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.
• Peritubular (intratubular) dentin: dentin that creates the wall of the
dentinal tubule.
• Intertubular dentin: dentin found between the tubules.
• Mantle dentin: the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth.
• Circumpulpal dentin: the layer of dentin around the outer pulpal wall.

11. Odontoblasts and processOdontoblasts and process
Odontoblast cellsOdontoblast process
Dentin Pulp

12. Dentinal MatrixDentinal Matrix
Dentinal matrix
Hole for dentinal tubules

13. Dentinal tubules

14. Dentinal tubules

15. Dentinal tubules
Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

16. Dentinal tubules
Predentin

17. Dentinal tubules
Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

18. Dentinal tubules
Predentin
Odontoblast layer

20. Dentinal TubulesDentinal Tubules
Coronal dentin
Root dentin

21. Dentinal
tubules

22. Intertubular dentin
Dentinal
tubules
Intraubular
or peritubular
dentin

23. Interglobuler DentinInterglobuler Dentin
Inter-
globuler
dentin
Dentinal
Tubules
Dentino
Enamel
Junction

24. Inter-
globuler
dentin

25. Dentin
Cementum
Granular layer
of Tomes
Hyaline layer

26. Primary
physiological
dentin
Secondary
physiological
dentin

27. Primary
physiological
dentin
Secondary
physiological
dentin
Tertiary
dentin

28. Deantal cariesSclerotic dentin

29. Primary
physiological
dentin
Secondary
physiological
dentin
Tertiary
dentin
Dead tracts

30. Incremental line of von Ebner

31. Dentin
Enamel
Lines of
Retzius
Lines of
Owen
Dentino-enamel Junction

33. Functions of the Dental PulpFunctions of the Dental Pulp
 Nutrition: blood supply for pulp and dentin.
 Sensory: changes in temp., vibration and chemical
that affect the dentin and pulp.
 Formative: the pulp involve in the support,
maintenance and continued formation of dentin.
 Defensive: triggering of inflammatory and immune
response.
 Protective: Development and formation of
secondary and tertiary dentin which increase the
coverage of the pulp.

34. Anatomy of PulpAnatomy of Pulp
Pulp Chamber or coronal
pulp, located in the crown
of the tooth.
Root canal or radicular pulp,
is the portion of the pulp
located in the root area.
The apical foramen is the
opening from the pulp at the
apex of the tooth.
Accessory canals or lateral
canal, extra canal located on
the lateral portions of the
root.
Pulp horns or cornua

37. Predentin
Odontoblasts
Cell-free zone
Cell-rich zone
Cell bodies
Odontoblastic
process

38. Zones-from outer to inner zone Description
Odontoblastic layer Lines the outer pulpal wall and
consists of the cell bodies of
odontoblast. Secondary dentin may
form in this area from the apposition of
odontoblast.
Cell-free zone Fewer cells than odontoblastic layer.
Nerve and capillary plexus located
here
Cell-rich zone Increased density of cells as compared
to cell-free zone and also a more
extensive vascular system
Pulpal-core Located in the center of the pulp
chamber, which has many cells and an
extensice vascular supply, similar to
cell-rich zone
Microscopic Zones in PulpMicroscopic Zones in Pulp

39. Dentin
Predentin
Odontoblasts layer
Cell free zone
Cell rich zone
Pulp core

40. Contents of the PulpContents of the Pulp
 Cells: Odontoblast, Fibroblast, white-blood cells,
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, Macrophages and
Lymphocytes. No fat cell.
 Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen fibres
(Type I and Type III).
 Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport nutrients
to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels.

41. Vascularity and Nerves of the PulpVascularity and Nerves of the Pulp
 The pulp organ is extensively vascular with vessels arising from the
external carotids to the superior or inferior alveolar arteries. It
drain by the same vein.
 Blood flow is more rapid in the pulp than in most area of the body,
and the blood pressure is quite high.
 The walls of the pulpal vessels become very thin as their enter the
pulp.
 Nerves : Several large nerves enter the apical canal of each Molar
and Premolar and single ones enter the anterior teeth. This trunks
transverse the radicular pulp, proceed to the coronal area and
branch peripherally.

42. Blood and vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of the
apical and accessory foramina. Pulp is richly innervated; nerves
enter the pulp through the apical foramen, along with afferent
blood vessels and together form the neuro-vascular bundle.

43. Nerves in pulpNerves in pulp

44. Dental PulpDental Pulp
Nerve Blood vessel

45. Clinically Importance features of the Dental PulpClinically Importance features of the Dental Pulp
 With age the pulp becomes less cellular. The number of cells
in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs with age.
 The volume of the pulp chamber with continued deposition of
dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber decreases in size;
in some cases the pulp chamber can be obliterated. An
increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.
 An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.

47. Free True DenticleFree True Denticle
Free True
Denticle

48. Free True DenticleFree True Denticle

49. Odontoblast
Predentin
Dentinal
Tubules
Free True DenticleFree True Denticle

50. Free False DenticleFree False Denticle

51. Diffuse Pulp CalcificationDiffuse Pulp Calcification

52. Dentin Sensitivity:Dentin Sensitivity: three theoriesthree theories
 Nerve in dentin – the dentin contains nerve endings that respond when it
is stimulated .
Odontoblastic process – the odontoblasts serve as receptors and are
coupled to nerves in the pulp.
Fluid movements in the dentinal tubules – the tubular nature of dentin
permits fluid movement to occur within the tubule when a stimulus is applied –
a movement registered by pulpal free nerve endings close to the dentin.

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