Dental Caries
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This document discusses dental caries (cavities) and covers topics like the role of bacteria, diet, plaque, protective factors in food, classification of lesions, diagnosis methods, and replacement of sucrose with other sweeteners. It begins with an overview of the sequence of restoration/treatment and then delves into subtopics like the essential role of bacteria, diet and epidemiological evidence, dental plaque formation, protective vs non-protective areas in the mouth, saliva composition, and classification systems for caries.
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This document discusses fluorides in dentistry. It describes the sources of fluoride, mechanisms of how fluoride prevents tooth decay, and methods of fluoride delivery topically and systemically. It also addresses the indications for topical fluoride use, recommended dosages of fluoride tablets/drops, and potential toxicities like dental and skeletal fluorosis from inadequate or excessive fluoride intake. When used appropriately, fluoride is an effective cariostatic agent for improving dental health.
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This document outlines the 9 steps in cavity preparation for class I dental restorations:
1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
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3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
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6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
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DENTAL AUXILIARY
1. DEFINITION
2. CLASSIFICATION
3. DENTAL SURGERY ASSISTANT
4. DENTAL SECRETARY/ RECEPTIONIST
5. DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
6. DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATOR
7. SCHOOL DENTAL NURSE
8. DENTAL THERAPIST
9. DENTAL HYGIENIST
10. EXPANDED FUNCTION DENTAL AUXILIARY (EFDA)
11. FRONTIER AUXILIARIES
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Developmental disturbances of teeth
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
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This document outlines the 9 steps in cavity preparation for class I dental restorations:
1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
2. Developing the primary resistance form to withstand forces.
3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
5. Removing infected material and old restorations.
6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
7. Adding secondary resistance and retention features like bonding agents.
8. Finishing external walls for optimal margins.
9. Cleaning, inspecting, and sealing the preparation prior to restoration.
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2. CLASSIFICATION
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5. DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
6. DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATOR
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Minor connectors
Minor connectors are components that join parts of a removable partial denture like clasps or indirect retainers to the major connector. They transmit functional stresses to abutment teeth and stabilize the denture. Minor connectors should be rigid with sufficient bulk and located in tooth embrasures rather than on convex surfaces. They come in different designs like open construction, mesh construction, or using beads, wires, or nails to improve retention of the denture base to the framework. Proper placement and design of minor connectors are important for the support and retention of removable partial dentures.
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The periodontal pocket is defined as a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus and is one of the most important clinical features of periodontal disease. Pockets can be classified as gingival (pseudo) pockets caused by gingival enlargement without tissue destruction or periodontal pockets which involve the destruction of supporting tissues. Clinical attachment loss refers to the amount of periodontal support that has been destroyed around a tooth and is measured from the cementoenamel junction. Periodontal pockets contain microorganisms, their products, food remnants, and inflammatory cells.
principles of cavity preparation
This document defines key terms related to cavity preparation and outlines the objectives and basic principles and steps of cavity preparation. It discusses definitions of cavities and tooth preparation. The objectives of cavity preparation are to remove caries and create a foundation for the restoration. The basic principles outlined by GV Black include biologic, mechanical, and esthetic principles. The main steps are 1) outline form, 2) resistance and retention form, 3) convenience form, 4) removal of remaining caries, 5) finishing cavity walls, and 6) toilet of the cavity. Resistance and retention forms are designed to resist forces and retain the restoration.
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Jaw relations refer to the spatial relationship between the maxilla and mandible. There are several types of jaw relations including orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations. The vertical jaw relation is the distance between two selected points on the maxilla and mandible. It is important to accurately record the vertical jaw relation to establish proper esthetics, phonetics, and function. There are various methods for determining the vertical jaw relation including physiologic methods and using interocclusal records or prior dentures. Facebows are used to transfer the maxillomandibular spatial relationship to articulators.
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Bleeding on probing is an early sign of gingival inflammation and is commonly used to assess periodontal disease status. It occurs when increased crevicular fluid and breakdown of gingival tissues due to inflammation allows blood vessels to rupture upon gentle probing. Local factors like poor oral hygiene and systemic conditions like vitamin deficiencies or coagulation disorders can contribute to abnormal gingival bleeding. The bleeding point index is used to evaluate gingival inflammation by recording the number of bleeding sites after probing specific areas in the mouth.
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The document summarizes traumatic dental injuries and their management. It discusses the classification, clinical features, treatment, and stabilization periods for various types of dentoalveolar injuries including enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions. Splinting is described as the best method for immobilizing mobile teeth or displaced teeth, with different splinting techniques and materials discussed. Prompt treatment of dental trauma is emphasized to save injured teeth.
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A quick and easy presentation of endo perio lesions.
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Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth. It progresses from an initial bacterial coating to a mature biofilm with complex microbial communities. Early plaque is predominantly gram-positive cocci while mature plaque contains more gram-negative rods and anaerobes. Plaque composition changes with periodontal disease, shifting from gram-positive to gram-negative and non-motile to motile organisms. Plaque initiates periodontal diseases through its noxious metabolic byproducts and through stimulating the host immune response, ultimately leading to tissue destruction if left unchecked.
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A case history provides essential clinical information to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. It involves gathering details from the chief complaint, medical history, dental history, and diagnostic tests. A thorough case history examination covers vital statistics, medical/dental histories, a review of symptoms, and physical and dental examinations. This information is analyzed to form provisional and differential diagnoses before confirming the final diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan. A case history is a critical part of the clinical decision making process.
Contacts and contours
The document discusses dental contacts and contours. It defines contacts as the proximal heights where the mesial or distal surfaces of teeth touch. Contacts broaden over time through wear. Properly located contacts support interdental papilla and stabilize the dental arches. Contours are the convexities and concavities on facial/lingual surfaces that protect supporting tissues during chewing. The greatest convexities vary by tooth type but generally occur at the gingival third or middle third. Convexities and concavities guide occlusion and food passage. Faulty contacts or contours can lead to food impaction, plaque accumulation, and periodontal disease.
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Minor connectors
Minor connectors are components that connect parts of a removable partial denture like clasps, retainers, and rests to the major connector or denture base. There are 4 types that connect different components. They distribute forces to prevent excessive stress on any one tooth or ridge area. Minor connectors are usually located in interdental embrasures and have sufficient bulk and rigidity. They come in different designs like latticework, mesh, or beads to securely attach the denture base. Proper form, location, finish lines, and attachment to the major connector are important considerations for minor connectors.
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The document discusses various aspects of pontic design for fixed dental prostheses. It defines a pontic as an artificial tooth that replaces a missing natural tooth. Ideal requirements for pontics include smooth surfaces, easy cleanability, minimal pressure on the ridge, and no irritation to tissues. Factors such as biologic considerations, oral hygiene, occlusion, esthetics, and materials must be considered in pontic design. Common types of pontics include sanitary, modified sanitary, ridge lap, ovate, and others. Proper pretreatment assessment and fabrication techniques help ensure successful pontic design.
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This document summarizes the classification of osseous defects caused by periodontal disease. It describes different types of horizontal bone loss including osseous craters and bulbous bony contours. It also discusses vertical/angular bone loss and classifications proposed by Glickman and Goldman/Cohen. Furcation involvement is classified using scales proposed by Glickman and Tarnow/Fletcher. Understanding the nature of these bone alterations is important for effective diagnosis and treatment planning.
Biologic width
This document discusses biological width, which refers to the dimensions of soft tissue attached to the tooth coronal to the alveolar bone crest. It defines biological width as the connective tissue attachment (1.07mm on average) plus the epithelial attachment (0.97mm on average), totaling 2.04mm. It discusses factors that can lead to biological width violation like subgingival restoration margins and its signs. Methods to evaluate and correct biological width violations like bone sounding, surgical crown lengthening, and forced tooth eruption are also described. The importance of respecting biological width is emphasized in restorative and implant dentistry.
All ceramic crown preparation seminar
This document discusses all ceramic crown preparation. It defines all ceramic crowns as non-metallic full coverage restorations used to restore teeth functionally and esthetically. Advantages include superior esthetics, excellent translucency, and good tissue response, while disadvantages include reduced strength without a metal substructure and difficulty obtaining well-fitting margins. Indications for all ceramic crowns include discolored teeth, teeth with enamel defects, and excessive attrition. Contraindications include posterior teeth and teeth under heavy biting forces. The document outlines the facial, incisal, lingual, and proximal tooth reduction techniques needed to properly prepare teeth for all ceramic crowns.
5.full metal crown
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Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine
Al – Azhar University
Fixed prosthodontic
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The document discusses the history of operative dentistry, which dates back 9,000 years to ancient Pakistan where tooth drilling using flint tools was discovered. It outlines the scope of operative dentistry, which involves diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental defects and diseases. The principles of operative dentistry include diagnosis, prevention, interception, preservation and restoration of teeth. Accurate diagnosis is a critical aspect that involves distinguishing normal and abnormal conditions and interpreting test results.
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The document provides steps for preparing a class II cavity on the proximal surface of a tooth. Key steps include:
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The document discusses endodontic therapy objectives and causes of pain in teeth. The objectives of endodontic therapy are to eliminate pain and infection, obliterate canals, and restore the crown. Causes of pain discussed include inadequately lined restorations, cracked teeth, pulp disease states like pulpitis, and referred pain from other sources. The document also examines tests and thresholds used to evaluate dental pain.
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General knowledge - Fluorine in dentistry
* Fluorine sources
* Metabolism & Toxicity Of Fluoride
* Mechanism Of Fluorine In Dental Tissue
* Water Fluoridation
* Fluoride level's
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This document summarizes information on dental caries risk assessment. It discusses how risk assessment allows for prediction, prevention and elimination of dental caries. It identifies main risk factors such as oral hygiene, diet, medical history and fluoride exposure. It categorizes risk levels as low, moderate, and high based on these factors. Examples of individual risk assessments are provided. Possible behavior modifications are outlined, including reducing sugar intake, improving oral hygiene, and increasing fluoride exposure. It concludes by discussing professional prevention methods and introducing a revolutionary idea that challenges the view of Streptococcus mutans as the primary cause of dental caries.
caries risk assessment
This document provides information on dental caries risk assessment for patients of different ages. It defines caries risk assessment and outlines factors used to determine risk levels, including biological, protective, and clinical findings. Risk levels are low, moderate, and high. The document presents caries risk assessment forms and corresponding diagnostic and treatment protocols for different age groups from 0-3 years old, 0-5 years old, and 6 years and older. The protocols aim to decrease bacteria, increase remineralization, reduce future caries risk, and continually monitor patient status. The recommendations are that caries risk assessment should be routine for new and periodic exams and clinical management protocols provide criteria for determining appropriate care based on age, risk level, and
Aquafresh Science Academy Fluoride Slide Set
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This document discusses pulpal reactions to various dental procedures and restorative materials. It covers reactions to caries, such as dentin sclerosis, tertiary dentin formation, and inflammatory responses. It also discusses reactions to local anesthetics, restorative procedures like cavity preparation and proximity to the pulp, and restorative materials like resin monomers, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate. The document provides details on the protective and defensive mechanisms of the pulp as well as factors that influence pulpal irritation and viability.
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Pulpal Reactions to Dental Caries and Dental Proceudres
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Dental Caries
The document defines dental caries as a disease caused by bacteria in the mouth that ferment dietary carbohydrates, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel and destroys tooth structure. The major factors contributing to dental caries are certain bacteria like Streptococcus mutans; dental plaque that allows bacteria to adhere to teeth; saliva, which can increase the cariogenic effect while also helping to clean teeth; and consumption of fermentable carbohydrates like sugars, which feed the bacteria. The microbiology section notes that the main bacteria involved are streptococci and lactobacilli, while other bacteria like actinomyces may also play a role.
epidemiology of dental caries (1) (1).pptx
Dental caries is caused by acid-forming bacteria in dental plaque that are able to metabolize sugars. It is a dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization of tooth structure. Sites most prone to caries are those where plaque accumulates, such as pits and fissures. Risk factors include bacteria like Streptococcus mutans, frequency and amount of sugar consumption, age, gender, fluoride exposure, and oral hygiene. Saliva helps protect teeth through its washing, buffering, and remineralizing effects.
Epidemiology of dental caries
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an interaction between cariogenic microbes, susceptible tooth surfaces, and fermentable carbohydrates. The document summarizes the epidemiology of dental caries globally and in Nepal. It describes that dental caries prevalence has decreased in western countries but increased in developing nations. In Nepal, 58% of children ages 5-6 have caries and 64% of adults have tooth decay. Environmental factors like climate, fluoride levels, and socioeconomic status also impact caries rates between different geographic locations.
Dental caries 1
Dental caries, also known as cavities, are caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acid, which demineralizes tooth enamel over time. The main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. These bacteria live in dental plaque on the teeth. Factors like frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and low saliva flow can promote the growth of these cariogenic bacteria and lead to tooth decay. Other contributors include tooth anatomy, acid erosion, and lack of fluoride exposure.
Early childhood caries.ppt
The document discusses early childhood caries, defining it as dental caries affecting children under 6 years old. It describes the causes as prolonged exposure to fermentable carbohydrates from bottle feeding or breastfeeding coupled with poor oral hygiene. The management involves restoring existing cavities, counseling parents on improving feeding practices and oral hygiene, and applying topical fluorides to arrest the caries process.
Dental Caries.ppt
This document discusses dental caries, including its classification, etiology, and methods of detection. It classifies caries according to tooth morphology, lesion severity, and age pattern. It explores theories of caries etiology from early beliefs that worms caused it to current understanding of the role of bacteria and diet. Key microorganisms involved depend on lesion depth and location. Carbohydrate intake frequency and stagnation time impact caries development. Conventional detection methods include visual-tactile examination, radiography, dyes, fiber optic transillumination, and electronic monitors.
Cariology and caries risk assessment. by Dr.Kazhan O. abdulrahman.
(1) Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance between cariogenic and protective factors in the oral environment over time.
(2) Cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque metabolize sugars to produce acid, lowering plaque pH and demineralizing tooth enamel.
(3) A caries risk assessment evaluates both risk indicators and protective factors to determine a patient's caries risk level and develop an individualized prevention plan.
Dental caries
Dental caries is caused by an interaction between oral bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and tooth surfaces over time. Miller's chemico-parasitic theory is the most widely accepted explanation of the etiology. It states that acids produced by oral bacteria from carbohydrates lead to enamel demineralization and destruction. Clinical presentation varies and includes pit and fissure caries, smooth surface caries, and root caries. Histologically, caries progresses through zones of demineralization and remineralization in both enamel and dentin. Prevention focuses on modifying the oral environment, bacteria, and substrate to reduce acid production and demineralization.
Early childhood caries
This document discusses early childhood caries and nursing caries. It begins with definitions of dental caries and classifications based on anatomic site, severity, progression, and chronology. It then focuses on nursing caries, describing the etiological agents, clinical features, progression, implications, management, and prevention. Nursing caries is distinguished from rampant caries, with nursing caries being a specific form that occurs in infants/toddlers due to improper bottle feeding habits, while rampant caries can occur at any age from multiple factors. The document provides details on diagnosing, treating, and preventing nursing caries.
Oral Health Care By Yapa Wijeratne
Oral Health Care
All what you have to know about your oral health.Its impact on physical, social & psychological well being is considerable.Financial costs of treating these conditions are enormous
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Epidemiology and prevention of Dental caries
This document discusses the epidemiology and prevention of dental caries. It defines dental caries as an infectious disease caused by bacteria that leads to destruction of tooth enamel. Key factors that influence the development of caries include diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Historically, developed nations had higher rates of caries due to diets high in refined sugars, while developing nations had lower rates. Prevention strategies aim to reduce bacterial levels, neutralize acid production, and remineralize early lesions through improved hygiene, fluoride treatments, and other antimicrobial approaches.
Dental Caries
Dental caries is a progressive bacterial infection that causes demineralization and destruction of tooth structure. It develops due to an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization when acid is produced by bacteria in dental plaque from sugars. Key factors in development include acidogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and the presence of dental plaque. Prevention strategies aim to reduce bacterial acid production, remineralize enamel, and remove plaque through chemical, nutritional, and mechanical methods like fluorides, restricted sugars, toothbrushing, and dental sealants.
diet ni 2.docx
This document discusses the relationship between nutrition, diet, and oral health. It covers topics like the role of nutrition in tooth development, the effects of vitamin and mineral deficiencies, the relationship between diet and diseases like dental caries and periodontal disease, and the link between diet and oral cancer. Key points addressed include how vitamins D and C deficiencies can impact tooth structure, how diet was linked to a reduction in dental caries during World War 2, and how certain foods and habits like tobacco and alcohol use increase the risk of oral cancer.
Etiology of malocclusion
This document discusses various classifications and causes of malocclusion. It begins by introducing Moyer's classification which categorizes etiology into heredity, development defects, trauma, physical agents, habits, diseases, and malnutrition. White and Gardiner's classification separates causes into dental base abnormalities, pre-eruption abnormalities, and post-eruption abnormalities. Graber's classification divides factors into general factors like heredity, environment, and local factors like anomalies in tooth number. The document then examines specific causes in greater detail such as heredity, congenital defects, environment, anomalies in tooth number including supernumerary teeth and missing teeth.
76232383-Dental-Caries-Seminar.ppt
This document provides information on dental caries, including definitions, theories of causation, etiology, classification, and clinical aspects. It defines dental caries as a microbial disease characterized by demineralization of tooth structure. Key factors in causation include susceptible tooth surfaces, dental plaque, diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, and prolonged time for plaque to remain undisturbed. Pits and fissures of molars and proximal surfaces are most commonly affected. Classification systems include location, rate of progression, extent of lesion, and number of tooth surfaces involved.
Nutrition and oral health
The document discusses the effects of nutrition on oral health. It explains that malnutrition can lead to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and malocclusion due to effects on teeth development, saliva, and jaw growth. Specific nutritional deficiencies like iron, protein, vitamins, and minerals are linked to increased risk of oral infections. A balanced diet containing proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals is important for overall health and preventing oral diseases. Preventive measures include nutritional education programs at family and community levels.
Etiology of malocclusion
The document discusses various classifications of malocclusion and their etiologies. White and Gardiner's classification distinguished between skeletal and dental factors, as well as pre-eruptive and post-eruptive causes. Salzmann's classification defined three stages - genetic, fetal environment, and postnatal environment - that influence malocclusion development. Moyer's classification identified four sites of etiologic variation: the craniofacial skeleton, dentition, orofacial musculature, and other soft tissues. Graber's comprehensive classification divided factors into general (e.g. heredity, environment) and local (e.g. anomalies in tooth number, shape).
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
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Seminar on early_childhood_caries
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major public health problem affecting children worldwide. It is caused by an interaction of bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and susceptible tooth structure. Risk factors include bottle feeding practices, lack of oral hygiene, and socioeconomic status. ECC begins as white spot lesions on maxillary incisors and can progress rapidly without treatment. Prevention involves reducing sugar intake, brushing with fluoride toothpaste, and dental care.
Prevention of dental caries
This document summarizes a study that compared the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes in preventing dental decay. The study reviewed 4 eligible studies and found that pit and fissure sealants were more effective than fluoride varnishes at preventing decay based on results from one high-quality split-mouth study and one cluster-randomized study. However, the results could not be combined due to clinical and methodological differences between the studies. In conclusion, pit and fissure sealants were shown to be more effective than fluoride varnishes for preventing decay on occlusal surfaces.
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Cariology and caries risk assessment. by Dr.Kazhan O. abdulrahman.
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快递邮寄鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭）。地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火车东站的那一刻山娃感受到了一种从未有过的激动和震撼太美了可爱的广州父亲的城山娃惊喜得几乎叫出声来山娃觉得父亲太伟大了居然能单匹马地跑到这么远这么大这么美的地方赚大钱高楼大厦鳞次栉比大街小巷人潮涌动山娃一路张望一路惊叹他发现城里的桥居然层层叠叠扭来扭去桥下没水却有着水一般的车水马龙山娃惊诧于城里的公交车那么大那么美不的
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
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India Home Healthcare Market: Driving Forces and Disruptive Trends [2029]
According to the TechSci Research report titled "India Home Healthcare Market - By Region, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, 2029," the India home healthcare market is anticipated to grow at an impressive rate during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the rising demand for managing health issues such as chronic diseases, post-operative care, elderly care, palliative care, and mental health. The growing preference for personalized healthcare among people is also a significant driver. Additionally, rapid advancements in science and technology, increasing healthcare costs, changes in food laws affecting label and product claims, a burgeoning aging population, and a rising interest in attaining wellness through diet are expected to escalate the growth of the India home healthcare market in the coming years.
Browse over XX market data Figures spread through 70 Pages and an in-depth TOC on "India Home Healthcare Market”
https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-home-healthcare-market/15508.html
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Dental Caries
- 2. Sequence Restoration/Treatment Of 1. Caries/traumatized tooth. 2. Defects of tooth surface and form. 3. Pulp pathology. 4. Preventive dentistry. 5. Children dentistry.
- 3. 1. Dental Plaque and Caries. 2. The Essential Role of Bacteria in Caries. 3. Diet and Dental Caries
- 4. Diet and Dental Caries. 1. Epidemiological Evidence Dentists Children. 2. Hereditary Fructose intolerance. 3. Evidence from the regulation of diets in humans. THE VIPEHOLM STUDY 1939. 4. The relative cariogenicity of carbohydrates.
- 5. Protective Factors In Food. 1. Anti bacterial factors in unrefined cereals. 2. Protective factor in crude sugars. 3. Phosphates. 4. Trace elements. 5. Vitamin B6 6. Fats and caries in coca and
- 6. Dental Plaque and Caries. 1. Formation Of Dental Plaque. 2. Plaque Matrix. 3. Metabolism within Plaque. 4. Polysaccharide Synthesis. a. Intracellular. b. Extracellular.
- 7. Non-Self Cleansing Areas • Pits and Fissures • Contact Areas • Area of near Approach • Gingival Embrasures • Facial or Lingual Surfaces Apical to Cervical Ridge
- 8. Self Cleansing Areas • Tips of Cusps • Crests of marginal and crosing ridges • All inclined planes of cusps and ridges • Occlusal, incisal, facial and lingual embrasures • Facial or lingual surfaces incisal or occlusal to the height of contour with the exception of pits, if present • Axial angles of teeth
- 9. Role Of Saliva • Composition • pH • Viscosity • Flow • Antimicrobial elements • Antibody elemets
- 10. The Essential Role of Bacteria in Caries.
- 11. 1. The Acidogenic Theory. 2. The Proteolysis Theory. 3. The Proteolysis Chelation Theory. 4. The Sucrose Chelation Theory. 5. Autoimmunity Theory.
- 23. Classification Of Carious Lesions. • Initial or primary carious lesion. • Acute rampant carious lesion. • Pit and fissure carious lesion. • Forward-backward carious lesion. • Senile carious lesion. • Residual caries. • Simple carious lesion. • G.V. Black Classification. • Referred to the surface involved.
- 24. Methods Of Diagnosing Caries • Explorers • Radiographs • Discoloration • Patient complaints • Dental Floss or Tape • Separation of teeth • translumination
- 25. Why Surface Zone in Small Carious Lesion.
- 27. Replacement of Sucrose by other Sweeteners. Sorbitol. Xylitol. Aspartame. Saceharine. Cyclamates. Monelline.
- 28. Surface Zone.