The dentin-pulp complex refers to dentin and pulp as a single functional unit, as they are embryologically and histologically related tissues. Dentin and pulp have a common origin from the dental papilla. The pulp contains cells, fibers, and blood vessels surrounded by dentin, which is produced by odontoblast cells located within the pulp. Throughout life, dentin continues to form through the activity of odontoblasts.

1. Dentin_pulp complex

2. Dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and functionally the same tissue and therefore are considered as a complex

3. Tooth Dentin Tooth Crown Tooth Root Pulp

5. Dentin Pulp

6. Dentin Pulp Odontoblast cell layer

7. Dentin Pulp

8. Types of Dentin Dentin Primary physiologic dentin Secondary physiologic dentin Tertiary dentin or reparative dentin or reactionary dentin or irregular secondary dentin Mantle dentin Circumpulpal dentin Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

10. Types of Dentin Primary dentin: is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical foramen of the root. Primary dentin is noted for its regular pattern of tubules. Secondary dentin: is the dentin that is formed after the completion of the apical foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth. Peritubular (intratubular) dentin: dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal tubule. Intertubular dentin: dentin found between the tubules. Mantle dentin: the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth. Circumpulpal dentin: the layer of dentin around the outer pulpal wall.

11. Odontoblasts and process Odontoblast cells Odontoblast process Dentin Pulp

12. Dentinal Matrix Dentinal matrix Hole for dentinal tubules

13. Dentinal tubules

14. Dentinal tubules

15. Dentinal tubules Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

16. Dentinal tubules Predentin

17. Dentinal tubules Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

18. Dentinal tubules Predentin Odontoblast layer

20. Dentinal Tubules Coronal dentin Root dentin

21. Dentinal tubules

22. Intertubular dentin Dentinal tubules Intraubular or peritubular dentin

23. Interglobuler Dentin Inter- globuler dentin Dentinal Tubules Dentino Enamel Junction

24. Inter- globuler dentin

25. Dentin Cementum Granular layer of Tomes Hyaline layer

26. Primary physiological dentin Secondary physiological dentin

27. Primary physiological dentin Secondary physiological dentin Tertiary dentin

28. Deantal caries Sclerotic dentin

29. Primary physiological dentin Secondary physiological dentin Tertiary dentin Dead tracts

30. Incremental line of von Ebner

31. Dentin Enamel Lines of Retzius Lines of Owen Dentino-enamel Junction

32. Neonatal lines in Dentin

35. Lateral or accessory canal

36. Lateral Canal

37. Predentin Odontoblasts Cell-free zone Cell-rich zone Cell bodies Odontoblastic process

38. Microscopic Zones in Pulp Zones-from outer to inner zone Description Odontoblastic layer Lines the outer pulpal wall and consists of the cell bodies of odontoblast. Secondary dentin may form in this area from the apposition of odontoblast. Cell-free zone Fewer cells than odontoblastic layer. Nerve and capillary plexus located here Cell-rich zone Increased density of cells as compared to cell-free zone and also a more extensive vascular system Pulpal-core Located in the center of the pulp chamber, which has many cells and an extensice vascular supply, similar to cell-rich zone

39. Dentin Predentin Odontoblasts layer Cell free zone Cell rich zone Pulp core

42. Nerves and vessels in pulp Blood and vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of the apical and accessory foramina. Pulp is richly innervated; nerves enter the pulp through the apical foramen, along with afferent blood vessels and together form the neuro-vascular bundle.

43. Nerves in pulp

44. Dental Pulp Nerve Blood vessel

47. Free True Denticle Free True Denticle

48. Free True Denticle

49. Odontoblast Predentin Dentinal Tubules Free True Denticle

50. Free False Denticle

51. Diffuse Pulp Calcification

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