The document summarizes key aspects of the dentin-pulp complex. It describes how dentin and pulp have a common embryonic origin and are considered a single functional unit. It outlines the different types of dentin that form over time, including primary, secondary, and tertiary dentin. It also discusses the roles of odontoblasts and dentinal tubules. In less than 3 sentences, the document provides an overview of the embryological, histological, and functional relationship between dentin and pulp as a complex unit that forms over the life of a tooth.

1. Dentin_pulp complex

2. Dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and
functionally the same tissue and therefore are considered
as a complex

3. Tooth
Tooth Crown
Dentin
Pulp
Tooth Root

4.  Both dentin and pulp have a common origin from the dental papilla.

5. Pulp Dentin

6. Pulp
Dentin
Odontoblast cell layer

7. Dentin
Pulp

8. Types of Dentin
Dentin
Primary physiologic Secondary physiologic Tertiary dentin or
dentin dentin reparative dentin or
reactionary dentin or
irregular secondary dentin
Mantle Circumpulpal Peritubular Intertubular
dentin dentin dentin dentin

10. Types of Dentin
Primary dentin: is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical
foramen of the root. Primary dentin is noted for its regular pattern of tubules.
Secondary dentin: is the dentin that is formed after the completion of the apical
foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.
Peritubular (intratubular) dentin: dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal
tubule.
Intertubular dentin: dentin found between the tubules.
Mantle dentin: the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth.
Circumpulpal dentin: the layer of dentin around the outer pulpal wall.

11. Odontoblasts and process
Dentin Pulp
Odontoblast process Odontoblast cells

12. Dentinal Matrix
Dentinal matrix
Hole for dentinal tubules

13. Dentinal tubules

14. Dentinal tubules

15. Dentinal tubules
Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

16. Dentinal tubules
Predentin

17. Dentinal tubules
Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

18. Odontoblast layer
Predentin
Dentinal tubules

20. Dentinal Tubules
Coronal dentin
Root dentin

21. Dentinal
tubules

22. Dentinal
tubules
Intraubular
or peritubular
dentin
Intertubular dentin

23. Interglobuler Dentin
Dentino
Enamel
Junction
Inter-
globuler
dentin
Dentinal
Tubules

24. Inter-
globuler
dentin

25. Dentin
Cementum
Granular layer
of Tomes
Hyaline layer

26. Primary
physiological
dentin
Secondary
physiological
dentin

27. Secondary
physiological
dentin
Primary
Tertiary physiological
dentin dentin

28. Sclerotic dentin Deantal caries

29. Dead tracts
Tertiary
dentin
Secondary
physiological
dentin
Primary
physiological
dentin

30. Incremental line of von Ebner

31. Enamel
Dentin
Lines of Lines of
Retzius Owen
Dentino-enamel Junction

32. Neonatal lines in Dentin

33. Functions of the Dental Pulp
 Nutrition: blood supply for pulp and dentin.
 Sensory: changes in temp., vibration and chemical
that affect the dentin and pulp.
 Formative: the pulp involve in the support,
maintenance and continued formation of dentin.
 Defensive: triggering of inflammatory and immune
response.
 Protective: Development and formation of
secondary and tertiary dentin which increase the
coverage of the pulp.

34. Anatomy of Pulp
Pulp horns or cornua Pulp Chamber or coronal
pulp, located in the crown
of the tooth.
Root canal or radicular pulp,
is the portion of the pulp
located in the root area.
The apical foramen is the
opening from the pulp at
the apex of the tooth.
Accessory canals or lateral
canal, extra canal located
on the lateral portions of
the root.

35. Lateral or accessory canal

36. Lateral Canal

37. Odontoblastic Predentin
process
Cell bodies
Odontoblasts
Cell-free zone
Cell-rich zone

38. Microscopic Zones in Pulp
Zones-from outer to inner zone Description
Odontoblastic layer Lines the outer pulpal wall and
consists of the cell bodies of
odontoblast. Secondary dentin may
form in this area from the apposition
of odontoblast.
Cell-free zone Fewer cells than odontoblastic layer.
Nerve and capillary plexus located
here
Cell-rich zone Increased density of cells as compared
to cell-free zone and also a more
extensive vascular system
Pulpal-core Located in the center of the pulp
chamber, which has many cells and an
extensice vascular supply, similar to
cell-rich zone

39. Dentin
Odontoblasts layer
Predentin
Cell rich zone
Pulp core
Cell free zone

40. Contents of the Pulp
 Cells: Odontoblast, Fibroblast, white-blood cells,
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, Macrophages and
Lymphocytes. No fat cell.
 Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen fibres
(Type I and Type III).
 Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport nutrients
to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels.

41. Vascularity and Nerves of the Pulp
 The pulp organ is extensively vascular with vessels arising from the
external carotids to the superior or inferior alveolar arteries. It
drain by the same vein.
 Blood flow is more rapid in the pulp than in most area of the body,
and the blood pressure is quite high.
 The walls of the pulpal vessels become very thin as their enter the
pulp.
 Nerves : Several large nerves enter the apical canal of each Molar
and Premolar and single ones enter the anterior teeth. This trunks
transverse the radicular pulp, proceed to the coronal area and
branch peripherally.

42. Nerves and vessels in pulp
Blood and vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of the
apical and accessory foramina. Pulp is richly innervated; nerves
enter the pulp through the apical foramen, along with afferent
blood vessels and together form the neuro-vascular bundle.

43. Nerves in pulp

44. Dental Pulp
Nerve Blood vessel

45. Clinically Importance features of the Dental Pulp
 With age the pulp becomes less cellular. The number of cells
in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs with age.
 The volume of the pulp chamber with continued deposition of
dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber decreases in size;
in some cases the pulp chamber can be obliterated. An
increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.
 An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.

47. Free True Denticle
Free True
Denticle

48. Free True Denticle

49. Free True Denticle
Odontoblast
Dentinal
Tubules
Predentin

50. Free False Denticle

51. Diffuse Pulp Calcification

52. Dentin Sensitivity: three theories
 Nerve in dentin – the dentin contains nerve endings that respond when it
is stimulated .
Odontoblastic process – the odontoblasts serve as receptors and are
coupled to nerves in the pulp.
Fluid movements in the dentinal tubules – the tubular nature of dentin
permits fluid movement to occur within the tubule when a stimulus is applied –
a movement registered by pulpal free nerve endings close to the dentin.

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