Dentin pulp complex /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Dentin_pulp
complex

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in Continuing Dental Education

www.indiandentalacademy.com

Dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and
functionally the same tissue and therefore are considered
as a complex


Tooth

Tooth Crown
Dentin

Pulp

Tooth Root


 Both dentin and pulp have a common origin from the dental papilla.

Pulp Dentin


Pulp
Dentin

Odontoblast cell layer


Dentin

Pulp


Types of Dentin

Dentin

Primary physiologic Secondary physiologic Tertiary dentin or
dentin dentin reparative dentin or
reactionary dentin or
irregular secondary dentin

Mantle Circumpulpal Peritubular Intertubular
dentin dentin dentin dentin


Types of Dentin
Primary dentin: is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical
foramen of the root. Primary dentin is noted for its regular pattern of tubules.

Secondary dentin: is the dentin that is formed after the completion of the apical
foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.

Peritubular (intratubular) dentin: dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal
tubule.

Intertubular dentin: dentin found between the tubules.

Mantle dentin: the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth.

Circumpulpal dentin: the layer of dentin around the outer pulpal wall.

Odontoblasts and process

Dentin Pulp

Odontoblast process
www.indiandentalacademy.com Odontoblast cells

Dentinal Matrix

Dentinal matrix

Hole for dentinal tubules


Dentinal tubules


Dentinal tubules

Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin


Dentinal tubules

Predentin


Odontoblast layer

Predentin

Dentinal tubules


Dentinal Tubules

Coronal dentin

Root dentin


Dentinal
tubules


Dentinal
tubules

Intraubular
or peritubular
dentin

Intertubular dentin

Interglobuler Dentin

Dentino
Enamel
Junction

Inter-
globuler
dentin

Dentinal
Tubules


Inter-
globuler
dentin


Dentin

Cementum

Granular layer
of Tomes

Hyaline layer


Primary
physiological
dentin

Secondary
physiological
dentin


Secondary
physiological
dentin

Primary
Tertiary physiological
dentin dentin


Sclerotic dentin Deantal caries


Dead tracts

Tertiary
dentin

Secondary
physiological
dentin

Primary
physiological
dentin

Incremental line of von Ebner


Enamel
Dentin

Lines of Lines of
Retzius Owen

Dentino-enamel Junction

Neonatal lines in Dentin


Functions of the Dental Pulp

 Nutrition: blood supply for pulp and dentin.
 Sensory: changes in temp., vibration and chemical
that affect the dentin and pulp.
 Formative: the pulp involve in the support,
maintenance and continued formation of dentin.
 Defensive: triggering of inflammatory and immune
response.
 Protective: Development and formation of
secondary and tertiary dentin which increase the
coverage of the pulp.

Anatomy of Pulp
Pulp horns or cornua Pulp Chamber or coronal
pulp, located in the crown
of the tooth.

Root canal or radicular pulp,
is the portion of the pulp
located in the root area.

The apical foramen is the
opening from the pulp at
the apex of the tooth.

Accessory canals or lateral
canal, extra canal located
on the lateral portions of
the root.

Lateral or accessory canal


Lateral Canal


Odontoblastic Predentin
process

Cell bodies
Odontoblasts

Cell-free zone

Cell-rich zone


Microscopic Zones in Pulp
Zones-from outer to inner zone Description

Odontoblastic layer Lines the outer pulpal wall and
consists of the cell bodies of
odontoblast. Secondary dentin may
form in this area from the apposition of
odontoblast.

Cell-free zone Fewer cells than odontoblastic layer.
Nerve and capillary plexus located
here

Cell-rich zone Increased density of cells as compared
to cell-free zone and also a more
extensive vascular system

Pulpal-core Located in the center of the pulp
chamber, which has many cells and an
extensice vascular supply, similar to
cell-rich zone

Dentin
Odontoblasts layer

Predentin
Cell rich zone
Pulp core

Cell free zone


Contents of the Pulp

 Cells: Odontoblast, Fibroblast, white-blood cells,
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, Macrophages and
Lymphocytes. No fat cell.

 Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen fibres
(Type I and Type III).

 Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport nutrients
to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels.


Vascularity and Nerves of the Pulp
 The pulp organ is extensively vascular with vessels arising from the
external carotids to the superior or inferior alveolar arteries. It
drain by the same vein.

 Blood flow is more rapid in the pulp than in most area of the body,
and the blood pressure is quite high.

 The walls of the pulpal vessels become very thin as their enter the
pulp.

 Nerves : Several large nerves enter the apical canal of each Molar
and Premolar and single ones enter the anterior teeth. This trunks
transverse the radicular pulp, proceed to the coronal area and
branch peripherally.

Nerves and vessels in pulp

Blood and vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of the
apical and accessory foramina. Pulp is richly innervated; nerves
enter the pulp through the apical foramen, along with afferent
blood vessels and together form the neuro-vascular bundle.

Nerves in pulp

Dental Pulp

Nerve
www.indiandentalacademy.com Blood vessel

Clinically Importance features of the Dental Pulp

 With age the pulp becomes less cellular. The number of cells
in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs with age.

 The volume of the pulp chamber with continued deposition of
dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber decreases in size;
in some cases the pulp chamber can be obliterated. An
increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.

 An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.


Free True Denticle

Free True
Denticle


Free True Denticle


Free True Denticle

Odontoblast

Dentinal
Tubules

Predentin


Free False Denticle


Diffuse Pulp Calcification


Dentin Sensitivity: three theories

 Nerve in dentin – the dentin contains nerve endings that respond when it
is stimulated .

Odontoblastic process – the odontoblasts serve as receptors and are
coupled to nerves in the pulp.

Fluid movements in the dentinal tubules – the tubular nature of dentin
permits fluid movement to occur within the tubule when a stimulus is applied –
a movement registered by pulpal free nerve endings close to the dentin.


Dentin pulp complex /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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