Encoders convert information into signals that determine position, count, speed, and direction. Decoders change codes into sets of signals by reversing the encoding process. A 3-8 decoder has 3 inputs and 8 outputs to decode input combinations using 8 logic gates. It uses an active high output design. The truth table illustrates the decoding logic circuit using 3 NOT gates and 8 NAND gates connected to an enable pin. Encoders and decoders have applications in speed synchronization of motors, robotic vehicles, home automation, and health monitoring systems.