The document provides information about a seminar on embedded systems using the 8051 microcontroller. It discusses the introduction to embedded systems and their components. It then describes the features and architecture of the 8051 microcontroller, including its pins, addressing modes, and timers. Examples of embedded systems are also listed. The document concludes with discussing other integrated circuits like the 8085 microprocessor, 78XX voltage regulators, L293D motor driver, LCD displays, and logic level converters like the MAX232.

2. SEMINAR ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER
SUBMITTED BY
NAME- BADAL SHARMA
STUDENT- B.TECH 4 TH
YEAR (E&C)

4. Introduction
 An embedded system can be defined as a
computer system design to perform specific
function .
This generally goes with real-time computing
constraints.
Embedded systems bring together software
hardware and mechanical parts with either fixed or
programmable capabilities .
Embedded systems are very specific, and built to
handle a particular task

5.  Example of Embedded System
 Air conditioner
 ATM machine
 Battery charger
 Digital camera
 DVD player
 Fax machine
 Home security system
 Mobile phone
 Modem
 TV
 Navigation system
 Scanner
 Printer
 Router
 PDA
 Wearable computer
 Photocopier
 Video game console

6. Moving message display Digital clock
DVD player Traffic light

7. • Essential components
 Microprocessor / DSP
 Sensors
 Converter (A-D and D-A)
 Actuators
 Communication path with the interacting environment

8. •Embedded System Structure
A- Processor & D-A
sensor actuators
D ASIC s
memory

9. Introduction to microcontroller 8051
 A microcontroller is a computer on a
chip
 Micro suggests that the devices is small,
and controller tells you that the devices might
be used to control objects , or events
 Another term to describe a microcontroller
is embedded controller, because the
microcontroller and its support circuit are
often built into, or embedded in, the devices
they control.

10. The 8051Microcontroller
• The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-
51 family introduced by Intel Corporation at the
end of the 1970’s.
• The 8051 family characteristics:
o 4K Bytes ROM
o 128 Bytes RAM
o two timer/counters (16 bit)
o A serial port
o 32 input/output port
o Interrupt controller

11. • Architecture of microcontroller

13. Pin diagram

14. IC 8051 Pin Description
Voltage supply
+5v
GND

15. IC 8051 Pin description
Port 0
From 32 to 39
Dual function
Used to excess both
data & address

16. IC 8051 Pin description
Port 1
From 1 to 8 pin
8-bit bidirectional
I/O port with
internal pull-ups

17. IC 8051 Pin description
Port 2 form
Pin 21 to 28
Used to access
address and I/O

18. IC 8051 Pin description
External memory
Reset
Serial input
Serial output Add. Latch
Interrupt 0 enable
Interrupt 1
Timer 0
Timer 1
Write
Program
Read
Store Enable
Crystal Oscillator

19. Addressing Modes
• Immediate addressing modes
o ADD A, #23h (Add immediate data to Acc)
• Register addressing modes
o ADD A, R2 (Add register to Accumulator)
• Direct addressing modes
o ADD A, 40h (Add data at location 40h to Accumulator)
• Register Indirect addressing modes
o ADD A,@R2 (Add indirect RAM to Acc)

20. • The 8051 has 2 timer/counter .
They can be used either as timers
to generate delay or as counters to
count events happening outside
the controller.
o Two 16-bit timer
o The counters are divided into two 8-Bit
registers called the timer low (TL0, TL1) and
high (TH0, TH1) bytes.
o All counters action is controlled by bit states
in the timer mode control register (TMOD),
the timer/counter control register (TCON),
and certain program instructions.

21. The 8085 Microprocessor :
• The features of INTEL 8085 are :
• It is an 8 bit processor.
• It is a single chip N-MOS device
with 40 pins.
• It has multiplexed address and
data bus.(AD0-AD7).
• It works on 5 Volt dc power supply.
• The maximum clock frequency is 3
MHz while minimum frequency is
500kHz.
• It provides 74 instructions with 5
different addressing modes.

22. IC 8085 Pin Description

23. IC 8085 Pin Description
• AD0-AD7: Multiplexed Address and data lines.
• A8-A15: Tri-stated higher order address lines.
• ALE: Address latch enable is an output signal.It goes high
when operation is started by processor .
• S0,S1: These are the status signals used to indicate type
of operation.
• RD¯: Read is active low input signal used to read data
from I/O device or memory.
• WR¯: Write is an active low output signal used write data
on memory or an I/O device.

24. IC 8085 Pin Description
• AD0-AD7: Multiplexed Address and data lines.
• A8-A15: Tri-stated higher order address lines.
• ALE: Address latch enable is an output signal.It goes high
when operation is started by processor .
• S0,S1: These are the status signals used to indicate type
of operation.
• RD¯: Read is active low input signal used to read data from
I/O device or memory.
• WR¯: Write is an active low output signal used write data
on memory or an I/O device.

25. IC 8085 Pin Description
• HOLD&HLDA: HOLD is an input signal .When µP
receives HOLD signal it completes current machine cycle
and stops executing next instruction. In response to HOLD
µP generates HLDA that is HOLD Acknowledge signal.
• RESET IN¯: This is input signal. When RESET IN¯ is low
µp restarts and starts executing from location 0000H.
• SID: Serial input data is input pin used to accept serial 1
bit data .
• X1 & X2 : These are clock input signals and are
connected to external LC,or RC circuit.These are divide by
two so if 6 MHz is connected to X1X2, the operating
frequency becomes 3 MHz.
• VCC & VSS: Power supply VCC=+ -5Volt& VSS=-GND
reference.

26. 8085 Internal Architecture

27. Microprocessor v/s
Microcontroller
Microcontroller
Microprocessor
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
timer are separate timer are all on a single chip
• designer can decide on the amount • fix amount of on-chip ROM,
of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. RAM, I/O ports
• expensive • for applications in which cost,
• general-purpose power and space are critical
• Ex. 8085,8086 mp, Motorola 6800, • single-purpose
Intel’s 8086, etc. • Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Motorola
MC’s, Phillips, etc.

28. Various Integrated Circuits
A. 78XX Series
 3-Terminal positive regulator(78XX)
 XX- output voltage(7805-+05v,7812-+12v)
Pin Diagram Circuit Diagram

29. B.78XX series
 3- terminal negative regulators
 XX-output voltage(7905- -5v,7912- -12v
B. 79XX Series
Pin diagram Circuit diagram

30. Features of 78XX & 79XX Series
 Thermal, short circuit and safe area
protection
 High ripple rejection.
 1A & 1.5A output current delivers by 78XX &
79XX series.
 4% tolerance on present output voltage.

31. Practical use of 7805 Regulator IC

32. C. L293D
 push-pull four channel driver with diodes.
 600mA output current capability per channel.
 1.2A peak output current (non-repetitive) per
channel. enable facility.
 over temperature protection.
 high noise immunity.
 internal clamp diodes.

33. Pin diagram of
Use of L293D L293D
1) It is use to DC & stepping
motor in both clockwise
& anticlockwise
direction.
2) It is also called inductive
load driver IC.

34. Connection of motors with L293D

35. Block Diagram of L293D

36. D. ULN2003/ ULN2803
 high voltage, high current Darlington array
 TTL, DTL, PMOS, CMOS-Compatible inputs
 output current (sinking capability) to 500mA per channel
 output voltage to 50V
 It is also called relay driver IC
 The output of two coupled transistor is A=a1+a2 but in Darlington
 pair A=a1.a2 .

37. Pin Diagram of Pin Diagram of
ULN2003 ULN2803

38. Connection of motor through
ULN2803

39. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 The most commonly used LCDs found in the market today are 1 line, 2
line or 4 line LCDs which have only one controller and support at most
80 character; whereas LCDs supporting more than 80 characters make
use of 2 HD44780 controllers.

40. Connection Of LCD
NAME DESCRIPTION
 VSS Ground
 VCC +3.3 to +5V
 VEE Contrast adjustment
 RS 0 - write to LCD module
1 – read from LCD module
 EN Enable
 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)
 D1 Data bus line 1
 D2 Data bus line 2
 D3 Data bus line 3
 D4 Data bus line 4
 D5 Data bus line 5
 D6 Data bus line 6
 D Data bus line 7 (MSB)

41. LM358
 It is a comparator IC.
 It consists of two operational amplifier (op-amp).
 Op-amp has two input terminal, used to compare the input
 signal and one output terminal, used to produce output signal
 (either 0 or 1) according to the comparison of two input signals.

42. LM324
 It is also a comparator IC.
 It consist of four Op-amp.

43. MAX 232
 It is used to shift the level of voltage when communicate
between computer and microcontroller.
 Controller TTL logic and logic 1 between 1.5V to 5V. Computer
works on CMOS logic 1 between 5.5V to 15V. Since there is no
difference in logic 0 in CMOS and TTL but logic 1 of both are
different. Hence MAX232 required for level shifting.
 MAX comes from Maxim (manufacturer)
 232 comes from RS232. It is a protocol (set of rules) supports
communication between CMOS and TTL.
 It is also called Level Shifter IC.

44. INFRARED SENSOR (IR)
 It consist of two LED, one is transmitter (blue LED) and another is
receiver (white/black LED).
 when we put any obstruction in between these two LEDs their
operation affects and produce a certain signal (low or high).

45. RF Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX) Module
TX (TLP434) Module
1. Antenna
2. Vcc (positive Supply)
3. Data (Data Input)
4. Ground
( Data generation encoding modulation (ASK) transmit
(HT12E) (TLP434) (Antenna)
RX(RLP434) Module
1. Antenna
2. Ground
3. Ground
4. Vcc
5. Vcc
6. Data
7. Data
8. Ground
( Reception Demodulation Decoding Digital Signal Generation
(Antenna) (RLP434) (HT12D) (signal ready to use)

46. Design software
PROTEOUS
PCS
BASOM
DESIGN
SOFTWARE
USED

47. B
A
D
A
L
S
H
A
R
M
A