Cytopathology Conference 10/20/05 - Case 5
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A 61-year-old male underwent an FNA of a 1.5 cm left lung mass. Based on the differential diagnosis of Histoplasmosis, Coccidiodes, Blastomycosis, and Cryptococcus, the diagnosis was determined to be Coccidioides immitis. Coccidioides immitis is a dimorphic fungus commonly found in soils in the southwest United States that can cause the disease Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley Fever, if inhaled. Symptoms of the disease range from asymptomatic infection to flu-like symptoms such as cough and fever.
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Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever, is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the Coccidioides fungus. It is most common in the dry, dusty regions of the southwestern United States. Rates of the disease are highest in Arizona and California, especially in the hot summer and fall months when dust storms can spread the spores. While most cases are mild, it can develop into more serious chronic or disseminated forms if not treated. Those at highest risk include the elderly, pregnant women, diabetics, and people with weakened immune systems. There is no vaccine, but antifungal medications can be used to treat cases and prevent more serious outcomes.
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
The document discusses Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease was first described in 1909 by Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas. Chagas discovered the organism and infection in humans. The disease affects an estimated 8 million people worldwide and is emerging as an issue in the United States through immigration. Transmission occurs through contact with infected triatomine bugs or blood transfusions. There is no vaccine and treatment is only partially effective in the acute phase of infection.
Epstein–Barr virus
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of eight known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.
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Epstein barr virus (ebv) and varicella
Epstein Barr virus and Varicella Zoster virus are herpes viruses. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with various cancers like Burkitt's lymphoma. It remains latent in B cells after initial infection. Varicella Zoster virus causes chickenpox during primary infection and shingles during reactivation from latency in dorsal root ganglia. Both viruses are enveloped with double stranded DNA and spread via contact with infected secretions. Their infections present with fever and rashes and are diagnosed via blood tests or virus detection.
Enteroviruses
Enteroviruses are common human pathogens found worldwide that usually cause mild fever but can rarely lead to severe disease. They are small, non-enveloped viruses with RNA genomes that infect through endocytosis and replicate in the cytoplasm before causing cell lysis. While often asymptomatic, they can cause rash, fever, muscle aches and other flu-like symptoms. Though no vaccine exists, treatment focuses on symptom relief and good hygiene to prevent transmission through bodily fluids. Major diseases include aseptic meningitis and hand, foot, and mouth disease.
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American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)
This document discusses Chagas disease, which is caused by infection with the trypanosome Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite destroys neurons in the digestive system and heart muscle, which can lead to enlargement of the esophagus and colon. Chronic Chagas disease also causes severe heart disease characterized by enlargement and aneurysms of the heart. Symptoms include those of heart failure, intestinal issues, and irregular heartbeats. The disease is transmitted by triatomine bugs that carry the parasite after feeding on infected rodents or other animals. Treatment involves pest control and anti-parasitic drugs such as benznidazole.
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Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever, is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the Coccidioides fungus. It is most common in the dry, dusty regions of the southwestern United States. Rates of the disease are highest in Arizona and California, especially in the hot summer and fall months when dust storms can spread the spores. While most cases are mild, it can develop into more serious chronic or disseminated forms if not treated. Those at highest risk include the elderly, pregnant women, diabetics, and people with weakened immune systems. There is no vaccine, but antifungal medications can be used to treat cases and prevent more serious outcomes.
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
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Epstein–Barr virus
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Epstein barr virus (ebv) and varicella
Epstein Barr virus and Varicella Zoster virus are herpes viruses. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with various cancers like Burkitt's lymphoma. It remains latent in B cells after initial infection. Varicella Zoster virus causes chickenpox during primary infection and shingles during reactivation from latency in dorsal root ganglia. Both viruses are enveloped with double stranded DNA and spread via contact with infected secretions. Their infections present with fever and rashes and are diagnosed via blood tests or virus detection.
Enteroviruses
Enteroviruses are common human pathogens found worldwide that usually cause mild fever but can rarely lead to severe disease. They are small, non-enveloped viruses with RNA genomes that infect through endocytosis and replicate in the cytoplasm before causing cell lysis. While often asymptomatic, they can cause rash, fever, muscle aches and other flu-like symptoms. Though no vaccine exists, treatment focuses on symptom relief and good hygiene to prevent transmission through bodily fluids. Major diseases include aseptic meningitis and hand, foot, and mouth disease.
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American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)
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CHICKENPOX.pptx
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Herpes zoster shingles and chickenpox
A highly contagious viral infection which causes an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Chickenpox is highly contagious to those who haven't had the disease or been vaccinated against it.
The most characteristic symptom is an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Chickenpox can be prevented by a vaccine. Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, although high-risk groups may receive antiviral medication.A reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body, causing a painful rash.
Anyone who's had chickenpox may develop shingles. It isn't known what reactivates the virus.
Shingles causes a painful rash that may appear as a stripe of blisters on the torso. Pain can persist even after the rash is gone (this is called post-herpetic neuralgia).
Treatments include pain relief and antiviral medication such as aciclovir or valaciclovir. A chickenpox vaccine in childhood or a shingles vaccine as an adult can minimise the risk of developing shingles.
Smallpox
Variola virus causes the acute, contagious disease smallpox. It was effectively eradicated through global vaccination efforts led by the WHO between 1966-1979. Smallpox is characterized by an initial fever and flu-like symptoms followed by a distinctive pustular rash. It spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. Vaccination provided effective immunity and was a major factor in eliminating smallpox worldwide by 1980, making it the only human infectious disease to be fully eradicated.
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Adenovirus
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SYSTEMIC NOCARDIOSIS
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Chagas: A Neglected Disease
It is estimated that 10 million people are infected with Chagas worlwide. Most of them don't receive appropiate medical care. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health works to reduce the impact of this forgotten disease and to secure adequate treatments for those who suffer this scourge.
Epstein barr virus
to down load this presentation from this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/epstein-barr-virus.html
Parvoviruses
It might be thought that viruses as a class represent the ultimate in parasitism.
Reliant as they are on their host cells to provide most of the machinery or replication.
The Parvoviruses, show a still further degree of dependence .
Adenovirus
Adenovirus is a double stranded DNA virus that can cause a variety of diseases including conjunctivitis. There are 51 serotypes that cause specific clinical syndromes like follicular conjunctivitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, or epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Pharyngoconjunctival fever presents with fever, sore throat, and red eyes in school aged children. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis causes sudden onset of eye irritation, redness, and photophobia and can lead to subepithelial corneal infiltrates. Management involves reducing transmission risk and using topical steroids.
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Epstein-Barr Virus
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is commonly associated with mononucleosis and is transmitted through saliva. EBV infects 95% of adults worldwide and has been linked to illnesses like mononucleosis in adolescents and cancers like Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBV is able to immortalize cells and exists in a lifelong latent infection in humans. While most EBV infections are asymptomatic, infection in adolescents can cause mononucleosis with symptoms like fever, lymphadenopathy, and fatigue that typically resolves on its own. EBV reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can also sometimes lead to lymphoproliferative diseases or lymphomas.
Genus morbillivirus
Measles virus is an enveloped virus that causes the highly contagious disease measles. It enters the body through respiratory secretions and multiplies locally before spreading systemically. This causes a characteristic rash and other symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis involves detecting viral antigens, isolating the virus, or detecting antibodies. Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines provides effective long-term protection against measles.
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An introduction to Parvoviridae
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A Arte De Fazer Xixi
O documento apresenta imagens e descrições de diferentes tipos de banheiros públicos, variando de banheiros de luxo a originais, funcionais e temáticos. Os banheiros apresentados buscam oferecer diferentes níveis de conforto, higiene e estilo aos usuários.
03 Presentations III VS (8-47MB)- (3-28-08).pps
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A highly contagious viral infection which causes an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Chickenpox is highly contagious to those who haven't had the disease or been vaccinated against it.
The most characteristic symptom is an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Chickenpox can be prevented by a vaccine. Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, although high-risk groups may receive antiviral medication.A reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body, causing a painful rash.
Anyone who's had chickenpox may develop shingles. It isn't known what reactivates the virus.
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Herpesviruses are a leading cause of human viral diseases and can cause active disease or remain dormant. There are three subfamilies of herpesviruses: alphaherpesviruses like herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus, betaherpesviruses like cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus 6 and 7, and gammaherpesviruses like Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus 8. Herpes simplex viruses can cause oral-facial infections like gingivostomatitis or cold sores, genital infections, ocular infections, and in rare cases encephalitis. The viruses spread through contact with infected secretions and can
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to down load this presentation from this link
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It might be thought that viruses as a class represent the ultimate in parasitism.
Reliant as they are on their host cells to provide most of the machinery or replication.
The Parvoviruses, show a still further degree of dependence .
Adenovirus
Adenovirus is a double stranded DNA virus that can cause a variety of diseases including conjunctivitis. There are 51 serotypes that cause specific clinical syndromes like follicular conjunctivitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, or epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Pharyngoconjunctival fever presents with fever, sore throat, and red eyes in school aged children. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis causes sudden onset of eye irritation, redness, and photophobia and can lead to subepithelial corneal infiltrates. Management involves reducing transmission risk and using topical steroids.
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This document summarizes properties, types, and clinical features of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Both are DNA viruses that can cause latent infections. HSV causes oral and genital lesions and can rarely affect the nervous system, while VZV causes chickenpox and shingles. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, virus isolation, and molecular methods. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs like acyclovir. Vaccines exist to prevent chickenpox and reduce shingles risk.
Epstein-Barr Virus
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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, a gram-negative bacteria lacking a cell wall. It is highly contagious and spreads through inhalation of infective droplets. Clinical signs include fever, difficulty breathing, and pleurisy. At necropsy, the lungs appear solid and adhered to the chest wall, with a marbled appearance. The disease is widespread in Africa and can cause high mortality rates in susceptible herds. Control relies on vaccination with attenuated strains, quarantine, testing and slaughter to eliminate infected and exposed animals.
CCBP
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It is highly contagious and spreads through inhalation of infected droplets. The disease is widespread in Africa and some parts of Asia and Europe. Morbidity can be up to 70% in susceptible herds with mortality around 50%. Clinical signs include fever, difficulty breathing, and fluid in the lungs. At necropsy, the lungs appear solid and adhered to the chest wall. Control methods include quarantine, testing and slaughter to eradicate the disease or vaccination with attenuated strains to limit spread where cattle movement cannot be restricted.
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1) Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can cause serious illness in humans and animals.
2) There are three main types of anthrax disease in humans - cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Cutaneous anthrax is the most common, usually occurring after exposure to infected animals or contaminated products.
3) Anthrax bacteria produce toxins that are major virulence factors. The anthrax toxins are composed of three proteins that combine to cause tissue damage and edema.
4) Diagnosis involves lab tests of samples from lesions, blood, or sputum to identify B. anthracis. Treatment involves antibiotics such as
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Mucor poster
A 54 year old female, with history of uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus presented with complaints of progressively severe frontal headaches with associated nausea and dizziness.
CT scan of the head revealed a 10 cm frontal bone lytic lesion extending into the nasal bones with evidence of sequestrum. Mucosal thickening and opacification of the frontal sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses was also noted. MRI was consistent with CT finding and revealed further cortical destruction of frontal calvarium outer table along with para-meningeal and dural enhancement. CSF studies were negative. Patient was started on intravenous antifungal therapy with Amphotericin B lipid complex. Frontal sinus trephination with irrigation/aspiration and simultaneous diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed no frank pus or necrosis.
Aspirate’s bacterial and fungal culture were negative.
Patient underwent an open incision trephination of frontal sinus that revealed destruction/moth-eaten appearance of the anterior table of the frontal sinus, biopsies were taken, No pus was encountered.
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Bioterrorism Present
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Systemic mycoses m
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Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses.pptx
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56947428 hiv-aids
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