The document discusses downhole coring and sampling challenges and technologies. It describes increasing pressures and temperatures in new wells that push technological limits. It also discusses issues like fluid contamination, heterogeneous rock formations, and fractured or unconsolidated rocks. The document emphasizes that proper core processing is important for reliable lab measurements. It then outlines various downhole coring and sampling objectives, tools, and methods like conventional coring, specialized tools, and planning needed for high quality cores.

1. Pumps & Pipes 1 Downhole Coring and Sampling Fred Palumbo Core Laboratories, LP Petroleum Services Division

2. New Horizons, Evolving Challenges, Difficult Samples to Acquire! Wells “Pushing” the Technology Envelope Higher pressures, temperatures Deep formations Ultra-Deepwater Wells Mud Filtrate Contamination Complex hydrocarbons Flow assurance issues Hydrocarbon Solids Heavy Oils Compartmentalization Fluid Contacts within Sample Interval Unconventional Reservoirs Heterogeneities Alternating rock types, Sand-Shale-Carbonates Varied Hardness and Densities, Cemented-Friable-Unconsolidated Fractured and Vuggular Rocks

3. The Importance of Proper Core Processing The reliability of the petrophysical measurements, made in the laboratory, is dependent upon the quality of the core and fluid sampling.

4. Pumps & Pipes 1 Downhole Reservoir Fluids Sampling Downhole Coring and Sampling Objectives: Single Phase Fluid In situ Pressure Constant Volume In situ Temperature “ Clean” Sample No filtrate Downhole Analysis Infrared CQ Multiple Samples Sufficient Volumes

5. Formation Fluids Test Sampling Core Lab

6. Pumps & Pipes 1 Drill Cuttings Downhole Coring and Sampling Objectives: Formation “Rocks” Issues Depth Control Subjective Cross Contamination Mechanical Alteration Value Mineralogy Texture Continuous Sequence

7. Pumps & Pipes 1 Percussion Sidewall Coring Tools Downhole Coring and Sampling Rocks at Depth On Wire line On Drill pipe “ Shot” into formation Black powder charge Multiple Samples Groups of 30-50 Issues? Fractured, Compacted “ Mud-shot”

8. Pumps & Pipes 1 Drilled-Rotary Sidewall Coring Tools Downhole Coring and Sampling Rocks at Depth On Wire line On Drill pipe “ Drilled” into formation Controlled parameters RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit Multiple Samples Groups of 30-50 Issues? Limited to cemented rock Otherwise GREAT! Baker Atlas

9. Rotary Core Receiving Tube

10. “ Conventional” Coring Continuous Cylindrical Section of formation On Drill pipe On Wire line “ Drilled” into formation Controlled parameters RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit Multiple Lengths, Extended Cores 30’ intervals (30, 60, 90…) Requires proper tool for rock type Unconsolidated, Friable, Cemented, Fractured Special Barrels Inner Sleeves, Sponge Core, Full Closure, Pressure Retained, Oriented Core Trip out of the hole requires planning “ The Bends”

11. High Quality Cores Require PLANNING CT image cross-section of 4” OD core in liner Damage due to rapid gas expansion; fast trip Gas bubbles forming “ Critical Gas” bubbles coalescing Tremendous gas expansion

13. “ Conventional” Coring Baker Hugh Inteq Coring Mode Core Retrieval Mode Outer Core Barrel Full-Closure Core Catcher Core Bit Core Core

14. Specialized Coring Tools Wire line Coring Coring While Drilling Pressure Core System Full Closure System Oriented Coring JamBuster sm Tool Sponge Core Barrel Gel Coring SM System

15. Specialized Coring Tools Wire line Coring Coring While Drilling Sample on demand Pressure Core System Pressure Retained Barrel In situ saturation In situ pressure

16. Specialized Coring Tools Full Closure Systems Full closure catchers and inner barrel liners Unconsolidated rocks Fractured rocks

17. Specialized Coring Tools Directional Sampling Oriented Coring Directional features Fractures, bedding orientation Directional-horizontal drilling Well placement

18. Specialized Coring Tool Fractured Reservoirs Sleeved Cores JamBuster sm Telescoping sleeves 2 restarts

19. Specialized Coring Tools Sponge Core Analysis

20. Specialized Coring Tools Gel Core Sleeved Cores Gel Cores Minimize filtrate invasion Preserve core wettability “ fresh-state” testing

21. Pumps & Pipes 1 Downhole Coring and Sampling The “Future” of Downhole Coring and Sampling VERY Remote Locations! Lunar Polar Coring Lander Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at Austin Thank you!