American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
5 likes•1,927 views
This document discusses Chagas disease, which is caused by infection with the trypanosome Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite destroys neurons in the digestive system and heart muscle, which can lead to enlargement of the esophagus and colon. Chronic Chagas disease also causes severe heart disease characterized by enlargement and aneurysms of the heart. Symptoms include those of heart failure, intestinal issues, and irregular heartbeats. The disease is transmitted by triatomine bugs that carry the parasite after feeding on infected rodents or other animals. Treatment involves pest control and anti-parasitic drugs such as benznidazole.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
The document discusses Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease was first described in 1909 by Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas. Chagas discovered the organism and infection in humans. The disease affects an estimated 8 million people worldwide and is emerging as an issue in the United States through immigration. Transmission occurs through contact with infected triatomine bugs or blood transfusions. There is no vaccine and treatment is only partially effective in the acute phase of infection.
Influenza virus-Flu
Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family and contain segmented negative-sense RNA. There are four types of influenza viruses (A, B, C, and D), with types A and B causing seasonal flu epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Influenza spreads easily through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most people recover within a week, influenza can cause severe illness or death in high risk groups. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of the virus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral
Chagas: A Neglected Disease
It is estimated that 10 million people are infected with Chagas worlwide. Most of them don't receive appropiate medical care. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health works to reduce the impact of this forgotten disease and to secure adequate treatments for those who suffer this scourge.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted via the bite of infected sand flies. There are three main clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type but can include skin lesions, facial disfigurement, fever, enlarged liver and spleen. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination, culture, serology or PCR on samples from lesions, blood or bone marrow. Treatment depends on the type but may include antimony-containing compounds or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on avoiding sand fly bites through protective clothing and insect repellent.
Giardiasis
definition ,causative factor ,epidemiology ,signs and symptoms ,diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,complications,treatment ,prognosis .prevention
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Lab 7 trypanosomiasis
The document discusses Trypanosoma species, which cause trypanosomiasis. It describes the life cycles and transmission of two main species: T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense, which cause African trypanosomiasis, and T. cruzi, which causes American trypanosomiasis. The morphological forms and stages of Trypanosoma in the insect vector and human host are also outlined.
trypanasoma cruzi
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans through contact with the feces of triatomine bugs. Around 10 million people are infected globally, primarily in Latin America. The disease has three stages: acute, indeterminate, and chronic. In the chronic stage, the parasite can cause serious heart and digestive system complications. Treatment is available but needs to be administered early for best results. Prevention focuses on controlling triatomine bug populations and screening blood donations and organ/tissue transplants.
Recommended
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
The document discusses Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease was first described in 1909 by Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas. Chagas discovered the organism and infection in humans. The disease affects an estimated 8 million people worldwide and is emerging as an issue in the United States through immigration. Transmission occurs through contact with infected triatomine bugs or blood transfusions. There is no vaccine and treatment is only partially effective in the acute phase of infection.
Influenza virus-Flu
Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family and contain segmented negative-sense RNA. There are four types of influenza viruses (A, B, C, and D), with types A and B causing seasonal flu epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Influenza spreads easily through respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most people recover within a week, influenza can cause severe illness or death in high risk groups. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of the virus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral
Chagas: A Neglected Disease
It is estimated that 10 million people are infected with Chagas worlwide. Most of them don't receive appropiate medical care. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health works to reduce the impact of this forgotten disease and to secure adequate treatments for those who suffer this scourge.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted via the bite of infected sand flies. There are three main clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type but can include skin lesions, facial disfigurement, fever, enlarged liver and spleen. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination, culture, serology or PCR on samples from lesions, blood or bone marrow. Treatment depends on the type but may include antimony-containing compounds or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on avoiding sand fly bites through protective clothing and insect repellent.
Giardiasis
definition ,causative factor ,epidemiology ,signs and symptoms ,diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,complications,treatment ,prognosis .prevention
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Lab 7 trypanosomiasis
The document discusses Trypanosoma species, which cause trypanosomiasis. It describes the life cycles and transmission of two main species: T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense, which cause African trypanosomiasis, and T. cruzi, which causes American trypanosomiasis. The morphological forms and stages of Trypanosoma in the insect vector and human host are also outlined.
trypanasoma cruzi
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans through contact with the feces of triatomine bugs. Around 10 million people are infected globally, primarily in Latin America. The disease has three stages: acute, indeterminate, and chronic. In the chronic stage, the parasite can cause serious heart and digestive system complications. Treatment is available but needs to be administered early for best results. Prevention focuses on controlling triatomine bug populations and screening blood donations and organ/tissue transplants.
Plague
Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is typically transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected flea. It presents as bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic plague. Effective control relies on early treatment with antibiotics, flea control, vaccination in high risk groups, and public education to reduce contact with infected rodents and fleas.
Plague
Purshotam Kumar Sah Kanu's document provides an overview of plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium. Some key points:
- Plague is transmitted from rodents to humans by flea bites and can cause bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic infections in humans. Left untreated it has a high fatality rate.
- There have been three major plague pandemics in human history dating back over 2000 years that killed tens to hundreds of millions. The causative bacterium was isolated in 1894.
- Currently most cases are reported in developing countries in Africa and Asia. Treatment involves antibiotics like streptomycin for 10 days or until fever subsides to prevent spread.
Pneumocystis jirovecii infection
The document discusses Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii, the fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia. It was renamed in 1999. It describes the morphology of the organism including its trophozoite, precyst, and cyst forms. It also discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis including staining techniques, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and prevention with chemoprophylaxis for at-risk patients.
Echinococcosis
The document discusses Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, which is caused by the tapeworm species Echinococcus. It describes the organism's taxonomy and recognized species that can cause disease, including E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, E. vogeli, and E. oligarthrus. The document summarizes the organism's life cycle, transmission between definitive and intermediate hosts, clinical signs of disease in humans and animals, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods.
Dengue virus
Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes flu-like symptoms and in rare cases may progress to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. There is no vaccine or cure, so prevention focuses on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and reducing exposure to bites. The disease is increasing globally due to factors like urbanization, travel, and climate change.
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma parasites. There are two main forms: African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) transmitted by tsetse flies, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) transmitted by triatomine bugs. African trypanosomiasis is found in central and west Africa and causes a slow progression of symptoms, while American trypanosomiasis is found in Latin America and causes an initial acute phase followed by a chronic phase in some patients. Both forms require treatment with drugs to eliminate the parasites from the body.
Plasmodium species
The document summarizes information about Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans. It discusses the four main species that infect humans - P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. It describes their life cycles, which involve development in both human and mosquito hosts. Symptoms in humans include febrile paroxysms and potential complications like cerebral malaria, blackwater fever, and anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears microscopically to identify the parasite stages. Rapid diagnostic tests and quantitative buffy coat analysis can also be used. Treatment depends on the species but may include chloroquine, quinine, and primaquine.
Amoebiasis
This document discusses amoebiasis, a common intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery and liver abscesses. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment involves drugs like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, safe food and water, health education, and treatment of carriers like food handlers.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted by sand fly bites and affects the reticuloendothelial system. There are three main clinical forms: visceral leishmaniasis which involves vital organs, cutaneous leishmaniasis causing skin lesions, and mucosal leishmaniasis affecting mucous membranes. Visceral leishmaniasis, if left untreated, can be fatal and involves enlargement of the spleen, liver and lymph nodes with pancytopenia. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, serology, microscopy and culture. Treatment depends on the geographical region but involves pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B
American trypanosoma
American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine bugs and can also be spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to fetus. The parasite infects tissues like the heart, digestive system, and nervous system. In the acute phase, symptoms may include swelling at the site of infection and eye swelling. In the chronic phase years later, cardiac or gastrointestinal complications can occur. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or culture to detect parasite forms, or serological tests.
Influenza ppt
This document provides information about influenza. It defines influenza as an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the orthomyxoviridae family that attacks the respiratory system. Seasonal influenza epidemics result in millions of cases, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations, and tens of thousands of deaths in the US each year, making influenza a leading cause of death from vaccine-preventable illness. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Risk groups include young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses. Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, cough, and fatigue. Complications can include pneumonia. Treatment involves antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
RSV is a common virus that usually causes mild upper respiratory tract infections but can sometimes lead to pneumonia or bronchiolitis in young children. It is transmitted through respiratory secretions and contaminated surfaces. While infection leads to immunity against that RSV subtype, reinfection is still possible. Diagnosis involves antigen detection, viral culture, or PCR from respiratory samples. Treatment is supportive, though ribavirin may help severe cases. Development of an effective vaccine remains an ongoing effort.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is an acute infectious viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. It is caused by infection with one of four serotypes of the dengue virus. Symptoms include high fever with joint pain and headache. A secondary infection with a different serotype poses greater risks, as antibodies from the first infection can enhance the second virus's entry. This can lead to potentially fatal hemorrhagic dengue. To prevent secondary infection, people should reduce exposure to mosquitoes by using repellents, sleeping under nets, and eliminating stagnant water near their homes.
Trypanasoma cruzi
Trypanosomes are unicellular parasitic flagellates first identified in 1841 in a trout. Trypanosoma cruzi, discovered in 1909, causes Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis transmitted by reduviid bugs. Chagas disease has an acute phase with mild symptoms and a chronic phase appearing 10-20 years later potentially causing irregular heart beat, heart failure or intestinal complications. It is diagnosed through microscopy, serology, PCR and can be treated with benzidazole or nifurtimox in the acute phase to cure the infection. Prevention includes eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding cracked homes or palm roofs near wild animals.
Leishmania
Leishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that causes leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease spread by sandfly bites. It exists in two forms: amastigotes within host cells and promastigotes in sandflies. The disease manifests as visceral, cutaneous, or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis depending on the infected tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs while cutaneous primarily affects the skin. Diagnosis involves detecting the parasites microscopically or through culture. Treatment involves pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine. Control relies on reducing sandfly and reservoir populations through insecticides and treating
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides, also known as the giant intestinal roundworm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the small intestine of humans. It has a worldwide distribution, especially in tropical and subtropical areas with poor sanitation. The adult worms can reach lengths of 20-35 cm in females and 15-30 cm in males. The life cycle involves fertilized eggs passing in feces and developing into infective larvae outside the body. People become infected by ingesting these embryonated eggs. The larvae hatch in the intestine, penetrate the intestinal wall, migrate through the lungs, are swallowed and pass into the intestine where they mature into adult worms. Most infections are asymptomatic, but symptoms can include abdominal pain,
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania protozoa and transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. It exists in three main forms: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is fatal without treatment. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous leishmaniasis can destroy mucosal tissues of the nose, mouth and throat. It is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia and South America, infecting over 12 million people worldwide.
Plague
The document provides information on the plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It discusses the history of plague pandemics, the microbiology and pathogenesis of Y. pestis, and the clinical features and epidemiology of the three main forms of human plague infection: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. It also covers the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and infection control measures for human plague.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus, which are transmitted through the bite of infected sand flies. It exists in three main forms: visceral leishmaniasis, which affects internal organs; cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores; and mucosal leishmaniasis, affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth. The parasite has a life cycle alternating between an insect vector like sand flies and a mammalian host like humans. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to look for the parasite, and treatment depends on the form but may include antimonial drugs, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Tuberculosis
This document provides information about tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB has been found in ancient remains dating back 5000 years. It was known as the "white plague" in the 19th century. Robert Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus in 1882.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that usually infects macrophages in the lungs. It is acid-fast and has a waxy cell wall.
- TB is highly communicable and is one of the top infectious disease killers worldwide. Laboratory methods for diagnosis include microscopy, culture, PCR and tuberculin skin testing.
- The document also presents data on the TB situation in Palestine, showing incidence rates and
Trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei which is transmitted by the tsetse fly found in rural Africa. The disease has been a serious public health problem in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Symptoms in advanced stages include alteration of biological clocks, confusion, slurred speech, seizures and difficulty walking or talking which can lead to death if not treated. Treatment options include drugs like diminazene and suramin, while prevention focuses on reducing reservoirs of infection and the presence of tsetse flies through screening programs and early diagnosis.
Trypanosomiasis
This is the presentation on Trypanosomiasis that covers classification and diseases caused by Trypanosoma, its life cycle, Geographical distribution, Transmission, diagnosis and treatment and finally its scenario in India.
Some flow charts have been taken from published articles, that can be searched directly from net.
More Related Content
What's hot
Plague
Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is typically transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected flea. It presents as bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic plague. Effective control relies on early treatment with antibiotics, flea control, vaccination in high risk groups, and public education to reduce contact with infected rodents and fleas.
Plague
Purshotam Kumar Sah Kanu's document provides an overview of plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium. Some key points:
- Plague is transmitted from rodents to humans by flea bites and can cause bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic infections in humans. Left untreated it has a high fatality rate.
- There have been three major plague pandemics in human history dating back over 2000 years that killed tens to hundreds of millions. The causative bacterium was isolated in 1894.
- Currently most cases are reported in developing countries in Africa and Asia. Treatment involves antibiotics like streptomycin for 10 days or until fever subsides to prevent spread.
Pneumocystis jirovecii infection
The document discusses Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii, the fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia. It was renamed in 1999. It describes the morphology of the organism including its trophozoite, precyst, and cyst forms. It also discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis including staining techniques, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and prevention with chemoprophylaxis for at-risk patients.
Echinococcosis
The document discusses Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, which is caused by the tapeworm species Echinococcus. It describes the organism's taxonomy and recognized species that can cause disease, including E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, E. vogeli, and E. oligarthrus. The document summarizes the organism's life cycle, transmission between definitive and intermediate hosts, clinical signs of disease in humans and animals, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods.
Dengue virus
Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes flu-like symptoms and in rare cases may progress to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. There is no vaccine or cure, so prevention focuses on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and reducing exposure to bites. The disease is increasing globally due to factors like urbanization, travel, and climate change.
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma parasites. There are two main forms: African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) transmitted by tsetse flies, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) transmitted by triatomine bugs. African trypanosomiasis is found in central and west Africa and causes a slow progression of symptoms, while American trypanosomiasis is found in Latin America and causes an initial acute phase followed by a chronic phase in some patients. Both forms require treatment with drugs to eliminate the parasites from the body.
Plasmodium species
The document summarizes information about Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans. It discusses the four main species that infect humans - P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. It describes their life cycles, which involve development in both human and mosquito hosts. Symptoms in humans include febrile paroxysms and potential complications like cerebral malaria, blackwater fever, and anemia. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears microscopically to identify the parasite stages. Rapid diagnostic tests and quantitative buffy coat analysis can also be used. Treatment depends on the species but may include chloroquine, quinine, and primaquine.
Amoebiasis
This document discusses amoebiasis, a common intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery and liver abscesses. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment involves drugs like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, safe food and water, health education, and treatment of carriers like food handlers.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted by sand fly bites and affects the reticuloendothelial system. There are three main clinical forms: visceral leishmaniasis which involves vital organs, cutaneous leishmaniasis causing skin lesions, and mucosal leishmaniasis affecting mucous membranes. Visceral leishmaniasis, if left untreated, can be fatal and involves enlargement of the spleen, liver and lymph nodes with pancytopenia. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, serology, microscopy and culture. Treatment depends on the geographical region but involves pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B
American trypanosoma
American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine bugs and can also be spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to fetus. The parasite infects tissues like the heart, digestive system, and nervous system. In the acute phase, symptoms may include swelling at the site of infection and eye swelling. In the chronic phase years later, cardiac or gastrointestinal complications can occur. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or culture to detect parasite forms, or serological tests.
Influenza ppt
This document provides information about influenza. It defines influenza as an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the orthomyxoviridae family that attacks the respiratory system. Seasonal influenza epidemics result in millions of cases, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations, and tens of thousands of deaths in the US each year, making influenza a leading cause of death from vaccine-preventable illness. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Risk groups include young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses. Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, cough, and fatigue. Complications can include pneumonia. Treatment involves antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
RSV is a common virus that usually causes mild upper respiratory tract infections but can sometimes lead to pneumonia or bronchiolitis in young children. It is transmitted through respiratory secretions and contaminated surfaces. While infection leads to immunity against that RSV subtype, reinfection is still possible. Diagnosis involves antigen detection, viral culture, or PCR from respiratory samples. Treatment is supportive, though ribavirin may help severe cases. Development of an effective vaccine remains an ongoing effort.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is an acute infectious viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. It is caused by infection with one of four serotypes of the dengue virus. Symptoms include high fever with joint pain and headache. A secondary infection with a different serotype poses greater risks, as antibodies from the first infection can enhance the second virus's entry. This can lead to potentially fatal hemorrhagic dengue. To prevent secondary infection, people should reduce exposure to mosquitoes by using repellents, sleeping under nets, and eliminating stagnant water near their homes.
Trypanasoma cruzi
Trypanosomes are unicellular parasitic flagellates first identified in 1841 in a trout. Trypanosoma cruzi, discovered in 1909, causes Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis transmitted by reduviid bugs. Chagas disease has an acute phase with mild symptoms and a chronic phase appearing 10-20 years later potentially causing irregular heart beat, heart failure or intestinal complications. It is diagnosed through microscopy, serology, PCR and can be treated with benzidazole or nifurtimox in the acute phase to cure the infection. Prevention includes eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding cracked homes or palm roofs near wild animals.
Leishmania
Leishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that causes leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease spread by sandfly bites. It exists in two forms: amastigotes within host cells and promastigotes in sandflies. The disease manifests as visceral, cutaneous, or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis depending on the infected tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs while cutaneous primarily affects the skin. Diagnosis involves detecting the parasites microscopically or through culture. Treatment involves pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine. Control relies on reducing sandfly and reservoir populations through insecticides and treating
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides, also known as the giant intestinal roundworm, is a parasitic nematode that infects the small intestine of humans. It has a worldwide distribution, especially in tropical and subtropical areas with poor sanitation. The adult worms can reach lengths of 20-35 cm in females and 15-30 cm in males. The life cycle involves fertilized eggs passing in feces and developing into infective larvae outside the body. People become infected by ingesting these embryonated eggs. The larvae hatch in the intestine, penetrate the intestinal wall, migrate through the lungs, are swallowed and pass into the intestine where they mature into adult worms. Most infections are asymptomatic, but symptoms can include abdominal pain,
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania protozoa and transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. It exists in three main forms: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is fatal without treatment. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous leishmaniasis can destroy mucosal tissues of the nose, mouth and throat. It is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia and South America, infecting over 12 million people worldwide.
Plague
The document provides information on the plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It discusses the history of plague pandemics, the microbiology and pathogenesis of Y. pestis, and the clinical features and epidemiology of the three main forms of human plague infection: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. It also covers the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and infection control measures for human plague.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus, which are transmitted through the bite of infected sand flies. It exists in three main forms: visceral leishmaniasis, which affects internal organs; cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores; and mucosal leishmaniasis, affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth. The parasite has a life cycle alternating between an insect vector like sand flies and a mammalian host like humans. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to look for the parasite, and treatment depends on the form but may include antimonial drugs, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Tuberculosis
This document provides information about tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB has been found in ancient remains dating back 5000 years. It was known as the "white plague" in the 19th century. Robert Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus in 1882.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that usually infects macrophages in the lungs. It is acid-fast and has a waxy cell wall.
- TB is highly communicable and is one of the top infectious disease killers worldwide. Laboratory methods for diagnosis include microscopy, culture, PCR and tuberculin skin testing.
- The document also presents data on the TB situation in Palestine, showing incidence rates and
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei which is transmitted by the tsetse fly found in rural Africa. The disease has been a serious public health problem in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Symptoms in advanced stages include alteration of biological clocks, confusion, slurred speech, seizures and difficulty walking or talking which can lead to death if not treated. Treatment options include drugs like diminazene and suramin, while prevention focuses on reducing reservoirs of infection and the presence of tsetse flies through screening programs and early diagnosis.
Trypanosomiasis
This is the presentation on Trypanosomiasis that covers classification and diseases caused by Trypanosoma, its life cycle, Geographical distribution, Transmission, diagnosis and treatment and finally its scenario in India.
Some flow charts have been taken from published articles, that can be searched directly from net.
Trypanosoma
Este documento presenta la taxonomía, morfología, ciclo de vida y especies más importantes del género Trypanosoma. Trypanosoma cruzi causa la enfermedad de Chagas y se transmite a humanos a través de chinches infectadas. Su ciclo de vida involucra una fase en el vector y otra en el huésped mamífero. Otras especies como T. brucei causan tripanosomiasis en humanos y animales en África.
DEVELOPMENTAL PATHOGENESIS - Unit 3
This document provides an overview of the neuropsychological basis of learning and memory. It discusses how case studies of patients with brain damage or amnesia helped reveal the neural correlates of memory. The case of patient H.M., who had bilateral removal of his medial temporal lobes, showed that this region is critical for forming new long-term memories. Damage limited to the hippocampus, as in patient R.B., also produced severe anterograde amnesia. The hippocampus is involved in consolidating new memories, even though long-term memory storage occurs elsewhere, like the neocortex. Damage to other regions like the diencephalon or anterior temporal lobes can also cause memory impairments by disrupting retrieval or
Roberta Lattes - Argentina - Tuesday 29 - Donor Risk
1. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease that infects over 100 million people in Latin America. It can be transmitted through vector bites, blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to child.
2. Screening of donors from endemic areas and monitoring of transplant recipients is important to prevent transmission through organ donation. Serological tests and PCR can detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
3. Transmission of Chagas disease through organ transplantation is possible but can be prevented through screening, treatment of infected donors, and monitoring of recipients. Outcomes of transplantation from infected donors have generally been good when treatment of transmitted infections is provided.
Astmh rlt 2012
The document discusses novel approaches to drug and vaccine development for Chagas disease. Key points include:
1) Drug discovery efforts use in vivo screening assays to rapidly test over 100 compounds per week for efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi parasites and safety in animals.
2) Multiple drug treatments can clear parasites from blood but often do not achieve a sterilizing cure, and certain T. cruzi strains show different responses to existing drugs.
3) Vaccine research explores both conventional vaccination to prevent infection and therapeutic vaccination to boost immunity in infected subjects, with the goal of limiting disease transmission.
CHAGAS DISEASE
This study characterized the recombinant DNA polymerase beta (polβ) enzyme from Trypanosoma cruzi. Researchers expressed and purified the polβ gene from the T. cruzi Miranda clone. Assays showed the purified recombinant enzyme had DNA polymerase activity. Western blots confirmed the protein was polβ using generated antibodies. Analysis also found the native form of T. cruzi polβ is phosphorylated. DNA repair assays demonstrated the recombinant enzyme can repair damaged DNA. This work helps understand the role of polβ in T. cruzi, which could aid in developing new drug targets for Chagas disease.
Hyperthymesia
My name is Srikar Bhimmanapalli. This project is for Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life.
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. The document discusses the characteristics, life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis and clinical features of three main species that infect humans: T. brucei gambiense which causes West African sleeping sickness; T. brucei rhodesiense which causes East African sleeping sickness; and T. cruzi which causes Chagas disease. Key points covered include the morphologic forms of the parasites, their multi-host life cycles requiring both human and insect hosts, methods of laboratory diagnosis, and treatment approaches for the different stages of disease.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma cruzi causa la enfermedad de Chagas. Tiene tres formas morfológicas: tripomastigota, epimastigota y amastigota. Se transmite principalmente por la picadura de chinche reduvidae. A largo plazo puede causar daño cardiaco o ensanchamiento del esófago y colon. No tiene cura en la fase crónica aunque el benznidazole y nifurtimox pueden usarse en la fase aguda. Afecta a millones en América Latina.
Trypanosoma
This document discusses Trypanosoma, a genus of parasitic protozoa. It notes that Trypanosoma have a corkscrew-like motion and require more than one host to complete their lifecycle. The document outlines that Trypanosoma bruci causes sleeping sickness, while Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease. It also summarizes the lifecycles of Trypanosoma bruci and Trypanosoma cruzi, including their transmission between hosts by vectors like tsetse flies and their pathogenesis in humans.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma cruzi causa la tripanosomiasis americana o enfermedad de Chagas. Se transmite a humanos a través de la picadura del insecto triatomíneo. En humanos, el parásito pasa por distintas formas morfológicas y etapas de su ciclo de vida que incluyen amastigotes, tripomastigotes y epimastigotes. La enfermedad crónica puede causar daños cardíacos e intestinales irreversibles. El diagnóstico incluye observación microscópica del parásito
Tripanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense es un parásito protozoario que causa la enfermedad del sueño en humanos. Se transmite a través de la picadura de la mosca tse-tse. Presenta un ciclo de vida que incluye dos huéspedes, el humano y la mosca tse-tse. En el humano puede causar fiebre, dolor de cabeza e insomnio, y si no es tratada, invade el sistema nervioso central y puede causar la muerte. No tiene cura, pero se puede tratar con medicamentos como la
Viewers also liked (13)
Roberta Lattes - Argentina - Tuesday 29 - Donor Risk
Roberta Lattes - Argentina - Tuesday 29 - Donor Risk
Similar to American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)
Takayasu Arteritis
Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes stenosis, occlusion, dilation or aneurysm of the aorta and its branches. It most commonly affects adolescent girls and young women. Symptoms include limb claudication, decreased brachial pulse, hypertension, bruits, and vascular ischemia. Diagnosis is based on meeting criteria such as age of onset under 40, decreased pulse, blood pressure difference between arms, and angiographic evidence of vascular involvement. Treatment involves glucocorticoids which can control inflammation and symptoms, though relapses may occur. Additional immunosuppressants may be needed, and management of hypertension is important, especially during pregnancy which carries higher risks but fertility is not affected.
Vasculitis
This document provides an overview of vasculitis, including classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management approaches. It discusses several specific large vessel vasculitides - giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Giant cell arteritis commonly involves temporal arteries and causes headaches. Takayasu arteritis primarily affects the aorta and its branches. Polyarteritis nodosa preferentially involves the skin, nerves, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Diagnosis relies on tissue biopsy and imaging. Treatment focuses on glucocorticoids, with additional immunosuppressants for severe or refractory disease.
CVS lesson 4-INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS.pptx
This document is about infective endocarditis,a disease that affects mostly the heart valves
Rheumatic heart disease agp
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are conditions that can occur after a streptococcal throat infection. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that affects the heart, joints, skin, and blood vessels. It is characterized by lesions called Aschoff bodies and rheumatic granulomas. Long term, it can lead to rheumatic heart disease where the heart valves are damaged. The disease process involves an immune response to streptococcal antigens that causes inflammation and tissue damage. Symptoms vary by the organs involved but can include fever, arthritis, heart valve abnormalities, and skin rashes.
CHAGAS DISEASE.pptx
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is endemic to Latin America and causes two phases of illness - an acute phase with fever and swelling, and a chronic phase that can involve heart or digestive system damage. It is typically transmitted by triatomine bugs but can also be spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants or from mother to child. Treatment involves benznidazole or nifurtimox which are only effective in the early stages of disease.
Infectious Disease
The document discusses sepsis and related syndromes. It defines sepsis, sepsis syndrome, severe sepsis, and septic shock based on symptoms and signs of infection and organ dysfunction. Common causes include bacterial infections like Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative rods. Specific syndromes discussed include staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndromes caused by bacterial toxins, and increased risk of overwhelming sepsis in asplenic patients. Meningococcemia, caused by Neisseria meningitidis, is also described as potentially fatal if not treated promptly due to endotoxin effects and shock.
Rheumatic heart disease
This document provides information about rheumatic heart disease. It begins with definitions, noting it is a chronic condition resulting from rheumatic fever which involves scarring and deformity of the heart valves. Incidence is higher among those from poor socioeconomic backgrounds living in crowded, damp places. The disease is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection leading to rheumatic fever. This causes inflammation of the heart valves and formation of vegetations, resulting in valvular damage and potential heart failure. Clinical manifestations and treatments are also summarized.
Malarial pathogenesis
This document provides an overview of malaria, including:
- Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and infects approximately 650 million people annually, killing over 1 million mostly young children in Africa.
- The life cycle involves sporozoites infecting the liver followed by merozoites infecting red blood cells and multiplying, periodically breaking out to infect new cells.
- Clinical symptoms are caused by the rupture of infected red blood cells, including fevers, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and in severe cases cerebral malaria or placental malaria in pregnant women. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs.
ENDOCARDITIS
Pharmacotherapeutics - DEFINITION, TYPES, ETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, SURGICAL PROHYLAXIS AND PREVENTION OF ENDOCARDITIS
Spinal Cord Disease - Clinical Presentations and Management
Spinal cord diseases, epidemiology, their causes, clinical presentation, investigations, and management. Internal Medicine ppt for Spine
approach to child with purpura
This document discusses the approach to a child presenting with purpura. It defines purpura as red, nonblanching skin lesions caused by bleeding in the dermis. The causes are categorized as platelet disorders (e.g. immune thrombocytopenia) or vascular disorders (e.g. Henoch-Schönlein purpura). Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is the most common cause in children, often preceded by a viral infection. Henoch-Schönlein purpura is the most common vasculitis in children and features palpable purpura. A thorough history and physical exam are important first steps to identify potential causes and guide further evaluation.
MENINGITIS.pptx hbhbbhnsdvjjjhhvdssxvhuhhhh
This document discusses meningitis, including the different types (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic), symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides details on the typical causes and presentation of bacterial meningitis in different age groups. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on the identified organism but generally involves antibiotics, antifungals, or other drugs, along with measures to address complications.
AHD SURGERY.pptx
The document discusses several acquired heart diseases including rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, infective endocarditis, acute pericarditis, and myocarditis. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that occurs after a streptococcal infection and can cause damage to heart valves. It commonly affects children ages 6 to 15. Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile vasculitis that causes inflammation of blood vessels and is largely seen in children under five. Infective endocarditis involves infection of heart valves or inner lining of the heart. It requires diagnosis via blood cultures, echocardiography, or clinical findings like Roth spots. Acute pericarditis causes painful inflammation of the sac around the
Viral heamorraghic fever
This document provides an overview of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) and focuses on yellow fever. It classifies VHFs and describes their pathogenesis. Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. It presents with fever, bleeding, liver and kidney damage. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low platelets and clotting factors. Treatment focuses on supportive care; vaccines can prevent yellow fever.
Vasculitis
This document discusses vasculitis, which is inflammation of blood vessels. It defines vasculitis and describes the different types including large vessel, medium vessel, and small vessel vasculitis. Specific conditions are discussed such as giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Behcet's disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, and infectious vasculitis. The pathology, clinical features, morphology, and treatment of some of these conditions are summarized. Images are also included showing histological features.
Pericarditis
Myocarditis and pericarditis are inflammatory conditions of the heart muscle and sac surrounding the heart respectively. Myocarditis has many causes including viral infections, drugs, and connective tissue diseases. It can cause chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias. On biopsy, lymphocytic infiltrate is often seen. Pericarditis can be acute and self-limiting due to viruses, or chronic with fibrosis in conditions like tuberculosis which can lead to constrictive pericarditis. Both conditions require diagnosis via biopsy or imaging and treatment of the underlying cause.
cvs2-121214034908-phpapp02.pdf
This document discusses the cardiovascular system and diseases that affect it. It covers topics such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, aneurysms, vasculitis, tumors of blood vessels, diseases of the heart including heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include age, sex, genetics, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves chronic endothelial injury, inflammation, accumulation of lipids, and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Cardiomyopathy
1. The document discusses various types of cardiomyopathies including dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
2. Common causes discussed are genetic mutations affecting sarcomeric proteins or cytoskeletal proteins, viral myocarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
3. Signs and symptoms depend on the type but often include exertional intolerance, edema, and arrhythmias. Diagnosis involves imaging, biopsy, and family history.
Myocarditis, pericarditis sushila
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other infectious agents. It involves inflammation and damage to cardiac myocytes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure over time. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, chest pain, abnormal heart sounds, and changes on electrocardiogram or elevated cardiac markers. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and underlying cause.
Ankur osce
This patient with end-stage renal disease developed skin changes after an imaging procedure. The thickening and induration of the skin on the arms is characteristic of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a rare systemic fibrotic disorder associated with exposure to gadolinium-containing MRI contrast agents in patients with kidney disease. NSF causes fibrosis of the skin, joints, and internal organs. The FDA recommends avoiding gadolinium contrast for patients with renal insufficiency due to the risk of developing NSF.
Similar to American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease) (20)
Spinal Cord Disease - Clinical Presentations and Management
Spinal Cord Disease - Clinical Presentations and Management
More from João Antônio Granzotti
NOÇÕES BASICAS SOBRE MICROORGANISMOS
Este documento resume las clasificaciones de los seres vivos, incluyendo bacterias, virus, hongos y protozoos. Describe varias enfermedades causadas por estos microorganismos como el sarampión, la poliomielitis y la tuberculosis. Explica que los virus no son considerados seres vivos y se replican dentro de las células. También proporciona una lista de vacunas disponibles contra enfermedades virales e infecciosas.
Imunidade
Este documento resume los conceptos de inmunidad innata y adquirida, así como los tipos de inmunización pasiva y activa. Explica que la inmunidad innata es no específica y que la inmunidad adquirida se obtiene por exposición a patógenos o vacunas que introducen antígenos en el organismo y generan una respuesta de anticuerpos y memoria celular. También describe los tipos de vacunas como virus inactivado, atenuado, fragmentos virales, proteínas y ARNm, e incluye una lista de vacunas
Imunidade E IMUNIZAÇÃO
El documento habla sobre la inmunidad innata y adquirida. La inmunidad innata incluye macrófagos, neutrófilos y linfocitos NK que fagocitan células dañinas. La inmunidad adquirida se obtiene por exposición a patógenos o vacunas y implica linfocitos B y T que producen respuestas humorales y celulares. Las vacunas pueden contener virus inactivados, atenuados, proteínas virales o ARNm. Las inmunoglobulinas IGM e IGG juegan un papel
Pandemia (1)
O documento resume as principais informações sobre o coronavírus causador da COVID-19. Ele descreve que o vírus é um betacoronavírus RNA que causa pneumonia atípica e que os primeiros casos foram detectados em Wuhan, China em dezembro de 2019, dando início à pandemia global. Também lista medidas preventivas e vacinas aprovadas contra a doença.
Pandemia (1)
O documento discute a COVID-19, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Ele é um betacoronavírus RNA que causa pneumonia atípica e surgiu em Wuhan, China em dezembro de 2019, desencadeando uma pandemia. A taxa de mortalidade da COVID-19 é de aproximadamente 2-4% e seu reservatório natural são morcegos, com pangolins possivelmente servindo como hospedeiros intermediários.
Constituicao norte america
Este documento apresenta a Constituição dos Estados Unidos. Ele estabelece o Congresso como o ramo legislativo do governo federal, composto por uma Câmara dos Representantes e um Senado. Também define os poderes e responsabilidades do Congresso, incluindo a regulação do comércio, declaração de guerra, e criação de leis uniformes.
CONSTTUICÃO FEDERAL BRASILEIRA 1988
O documento descreve parte da Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988, especificamente o Título I sobre os Princípios Fundamentais e parte do Título II sobre Direitos e Garantias Fundamentais. Ele lista diversos direitos e garantias individuais e coletivos como a igualdade perante a lei, liberdade de expressão, inviolabilidade do lar, sigilo de correspondência e comunicações, livre exercício de trabalho, entre outros.
Diretrizes Brasileiras para o uso de antiagregantes e anticoagulantes
1) O documento apresenta diretrizes brasileiras sobre o uso de antiagregantes plaquetários e anticoagulantes em cardiologia.
2) Ele fornece informações detalhadas sobre o medicamento clopidogrel, incluindo indicações, contraindicações, precauções, interações medicamentosas e efeitos colaterais.
3) O documento também lista os autores responsáveis pela elaboração das diretrizes e fornece informações sobre a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.
Laws of-the-game-2018-19
The document provides an introduction and overview of the Laws of the Game for 2018/19. It discusses the philosophy and spirit of the Laws, how changes are managed, the background and future direction. Key points include:
- The Laws aim to keep football fair and apply universally at all levels of the game.
- Changes are carefully considered by The IFAB to benefit football.
- Recent revisions have focused on clarity, modern needs, and optional rules like VAR and extra subs in extra time.
- Future focus areas include player behaviour, penalty kicks, cards for non-playing members, and handball/offside rules.
Thesis of PhD of Dr. José Pedro da Silva
Dr J P da Silva criou uma nova técnica para correção da anomalia de de Ebstein obtendo sucesso absoluto. Recebeu reconhecimento internacional A técnica recebeu o nome "cirurgia do cone" ou reparação anatômica da valvula tricuspide
Diagnostico precoce das cardiopatias congênitas criticas
[1] O documento discute a importância do diagnóstico precoce de cardiopatias congênitas críticas em recém-nascidos através da oximetria de pulso, que mede a saturação de oxigênio, para evitar complicações graves e óbitos. [2] A oximetria de pulso mostrou alta sensibilidade e especificidade na detecção destas cardiopatias, porém algumas podem ser perdidas, principalmente a coartação de aorta. [3] A realização deste teste rotineiro em recém-n
Russia Mocow
The document provides information about Russia and its capital city Moscow. It includes Russia's population and area, a map of Russia, images of landmarks in Moscow like the Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral, and notes on Moscow's metro system, business centers, universities, and rivers. Additional details are given about Moscow's districts, the Russian Federation assembly, and population development over time in Moscow.
Toronto Canada
The document provides basic information about Canada including its population, total area, flag, governor general, senate chamber, map, cities of Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary, and images of landmarks like the Toronto city hall, airport, union station, university, and supreme court building in Ottawa. It thanks the reader at the end.
OREGON USA
Oregon is a state located in the western United States that borders the Pacific Ocean. It has 26 counties and its capital and largest city is Salem. Some of Oregon's notable features include the University of Oregon located in Eugene, Mount Hood which is 3,426 meters high, waterfalls, and access to the Pacific Ocean along its coastline.
Argentina
The document provides information about various locations in Argentina including the Casa Rosada presidential palace and Congresso Nacional in Buenos Aires, La Plata Cathedral, Colon Theater, and Justice Palace. It mentions the La Bombonera stadium home to Boca Juniors football club, Recoleta neighborhood, and Port Madero area of Buenos Aires. Other areas mentioned include the downtown of Mendoza, the highway between Rosario and Cordoba, Cerro Cathedral in Bariloche, and Mount Aconcagua. It also notes Rosario and the General Motors plant there as well as the nightlife in Cordoba and the University of Cordoba School of Medicine. The document concludes by listing several Argentine Nobel Prize winners.
Uruguay
Uruguay is a country located in South America between Argentina and Brazil. Some of the major landmarks and cities include Montevideo, which is the capital and largest city, as well as Punta del Este. Uruguay shares a border with Brazil along the Uruguay River.
Manual pediatria; Normas da ANVISA para controle de infecção hospitalar em Pe...
Manual pediatria; Normas da ANVISA para controle de infecção hospitalar em Pe...João Antônio Granzotti
O documento discute a importância do monitoramento dos riscos à saúde decorrentes das inovações tecnológicas e a necessidade do Estado regular essa relação, adotando medidas de controle e prevenção. A Anvisa publica a série de guias com o objetivo de fornecer ferramentas para o gerenciamento dos riscos sanitários e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações seguras na área da saúde.Doença de Pompe um espectro clínico
O documento resume as principais características da doença de Pompe, uma doença rara e progressiva causada pela deficiência de alfa-glicosidase ácida. Apresenta um espectro clínico que varia da forma infantil grave à forma tardia mais leve. A forma infantil se caracteriza por fraqueza muscular grave, cardiomegalia e evolução para insuficiência cardíaca e respiratória, levando ao óbito precoce.
Osteoporose
O documento discute osteoporose, uma condição de perda da massa óssea que ocorre com maior frequência em mulheres pós-menopausa. Fatores como baixa ingestão de cálcio e vitamina D, uso de certos medicamentos como corticosteroides, e condições médicas como artrite reumatoide podem predispor uma pessoa à osteoporose. A densitometria óssea é o principal método de diagnóstico e fraturas ósseas devido a pequenos traumas são um sintoma comum.
Lesões do Plexo Braquial
O documento descreve o plexo braquial, seus principais nervos e lesões. Ele lista os nervos do plexo braquial, suas relações anatômicas, dermatomas e principais causas de lesão, como trauma obstétrico, esportivo ou acidentes. As lesões podem causar dor, fraqueza no braço, redução de reflexos e paralisias como a de Erb-Duchenne ou Klumpke.
More from João Antônio Granzotti (20)
Diretrizes Brasileiras para o uso de antiagregantes e anticoagulantes
Diretrizes Brasileiras para o uso de antiagregantes e anticoagulantes
Diagnostico precoce das cardiopatias congênitas criticas
Diagnostico precoce das cardiopatias congênitas criticas
Manual pediatria; Normas da ANVISA para controle de infecção hospitalar em Pe...
Manual pediatria; Normas da ANVISA para controle de infecção hospitalar em Pe...
Recently uploaded
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montrealPune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
biomechanics of running. Dr.dhwani.pptx
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Recently uploaded (20)
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)
- 1. WHAT IS IT? Infectious disease is caused by trypanosome cruzi, infection that destroy especially the neurons cells of the digestive system and the heart muscle. Denervation of these tissues leading as a consequence the development of megas: Megaesophagus; megacolon HEART DISEASE The disease leading also a severe heart disease characterized by cardiac enlargement, aneurysm of the tip of the heart and arrhythmias.
- 2. CLINICAL FINDINGS Signs and symptoms of heart failure and cardiac arrhitmias Symptoms of megacolon and megaesophagus: Intestinal constipation and dysphagia SEROLOGY Elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (Indirect Immunofluorescence IFIS) (HAI indirect hemagglutination) Chronic phase (determineded and underterminated) In acute stage : Microscopy of blood thick films
- 3. TRIATOMINES The triatome, hematofagus bug, contaminated by the blood of wild rodents and skunks transmit the disease to men, sucking blood and defecating the parasite that penetrates the blod stream RHODNIUS PROLIXUS
- 6. Acute Phase myocarditis, meningoencephalitis. Chronic phase : A detemineted B undetermneted : without simptoms
- 8. Pest control with insecticides
- 9. Anti-parasitic drugs : 1-Benznidazol (rochagan): 5 mg/d b.i.d. during 30 - 60 days for acute and chronic stages (Undetermined); is not effective in determided stage Nifurtimox Allopurinol and itraconazole are under evaluation Pacemaker to A-V Block Surgery for megaesophagus and megacolon