This document discusses various methods of translation including word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation, communicative translation, paraphrase, free translation, and idiomatic translation. Word-for-word translation focuses on understanding source language mechanics while literal translation converts source language grammar to target language equivalents. Faithful translation tries to reproduce precise contextual meaning within target language structures while preserving cultural words. Semantic translation is more flexible and allows intuitive exceptions to complete fidelity. Adaptation is the freest form and mainly preserves plots for plays by converting source culture to target culture. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning in a form and language readily acceptable to the target readership.

1. THEORY AND PRACTICE TRANSLATION
UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS
ESPE
CRISTINA BELEN PILATAXI SALGADO
Tutor: Gonzalo
Puma
TRANSLATION
METHODS

2. Word for Word Translation
The main use is to
understand the
mechanics of the
source language.
To constuct a difficult
text as a pre-
translation process
LITERAL TRANSLATION
SL gramatical
constructions are
converted to their
nearest TL equivalents.
Lexical words are again
translated singly.

3. FAITHFUL TRANSLATION
Tries to
reproduce
precise
contextual
meaning within
TL gramatical
structures.
Transfers cultural
cultural Word
and preserves
degree of
abnormality.
Faithful to
intentions
SEMANTIC TRANSLATION
More flexible.
Admits creative
exception to
100% Fidelity.
Allows translator
intuitive
with original.

4. ADAPTATION
“freest” from of
translation
Mainly for plays
Plots are usually
preserved
The SL culture
converted to the
TL culture and
the text rewritten
COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION
Attempts to render the exact contextual
meaning of the original.
Content and language readily aceptable.
Comprehensible to the readership.

5. Paraphrase.
Content without
the form of the
original.
Reproduces the
matter without
the manner.
FREE
TRANSLATION
IDIOMATIC
TRANSLATION
Reproduces the
‘message’ of the
original.
Trends to distort
nuances of meaning
by preferring
colloquialisms.
Form of lively,
‘natural’ translation.