This document outlines eight types of translation: 1) Word-for-word translation focuses on preserving source language word order and translating words individually without context. 2) Literal translation converts source language grammar to target language equivalents while translating words individually. 3) Faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning and transfers cultural words. 4) Semantic translation considers aesthetic value and allows exceptions to complete fidelity. 5) Adaptation is the freest form used for plays and poetry, converting source culture to target culture.

1. Student: Aura Villa
Teacher: Gonzalo Puma

2. EIGHT TYPES OF TRANSLATION:
1. Word for word translation:
 The SL word-order is preserved and the words
translated individually by their most common
meanings, out of context.
 Cultural words are translated literally.
 The main use of this method is to understand the
mechanics of the source language or to construe a
difficult text as a pre-translation process.
2. Literal translation:
 The SL grammatical constructions are converted to
their nearest TL equivalents.
 Lexical items are translated individually out of context.

3. 3. Faithfull translation:
 It attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of
the original text.
 It transfers cultural words and preserves the degree of
grammatical and lexical abnormality in the translation.
 In conclusion its goal is to be completely faithful to the
intentions of the SL writer.
4. Semantic translation:
 It takes more account of the aesthetic value ( beautiful and
natural sounds of the texts).
 It may translate less important cultural words, but not by
cultural equivalents.
 It is a flexible, admits the creative exception to 100%
fidelity and allows for the translator´s intuitive empathy
with the original.

4. 5. Adaptation:
 It is the freest form of translation.
 It is used mainly for plays ( comedy and poetry)
 The SL culture converted to the TL culture and the text
rewritten.
6. Free Translation:
 It reproduces the matter without the manner, or the
content without the form of the original.
 It is a paraphrase much longer than the original (
intralingual translation).

5. 7. Idiomatic translation:
 It reproduces the message of the original but tends to
distort nuance of meaning by preferring
colloquialisms and idioms.
8. Communicative translation:
 It attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of
the original in such a way that both content and
language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to
the readership.

6. Other methods:
 1. Service Translation: It translates from one´s
language of habitual use into another language.
 2. Plain prose translation: The reader can appreciate
the sense of the work without experiencing equivalent
effect.
 3. Information translation: It convers all the
information is a non-hierary text.
 4. Cognitive translation: It reproduces the information
in a SL real converting the SL grammar to its normal
TL transpositions.
 5. Academic translation: It reduces an original SL text
to an elegant idiomatic educated TL version.