Through this presentation , you'll come to know:- 1. WHAT IS TRANSLATION ? 2. WHY TRANSLATION ? 3. WHAT IS GOOD TRANSLATION ? 4. KINDS OF TRANSLATION 5. CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION

1. TRANSLATION

2. CONTENTS
 WHAT IS TRANSLATION ?
 WHY TRANSLATION ?
 WHAT IS GOOD TRANSLATION ?
 KINDS OF TRANSLATION
 CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION

3. WHAT IS TRANSLATION ?
The skilful art of re-creating
an equivalent message of a
work of art originally created
in one language in another
language.

4.  To “affect” larger audiences .
 Promoting mother tongues .
 Reviving dead/dying languages .
 Historical changes in languages .
WHY TRANSLATION ?

5. A GOOD TRANSLATOR
 Bilingual , bicultural proficiency .
 Transparency in grammar , syntax and idiom .
 Thorough perception of the text / content .
 Loyalty to emotion , style .
 Artistic correspondence .
 Fidelity to detail and faithfulness to text .
 Aesthetic matching the original .

6. KINDS OF TRANSLATION
SOURCE LANGUAGE EMPHASIS TARGET LANGUAGE EMPHASIS
WORD –FOR-
WORD
LITERAL
FAITHFUL
SEMANTIC
ADAPTATION
FREE/DYNAMIC
IDIOMATIC
LITERARY

7. DISASTERS OF MACHINE TRANSLATION

8. TRANSLATION–SOME CHALLENGES
 Linguistic untranslatability .
 Cultural untranslatability .
 Source text .
 Ambiguities .
 Time , effort and expenditure .

9. CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION
 != LEXICAL
 != STRUCTURAL
 != CULTURAL
 != ETHICAL
 != POLITICAL
 != AMBIGUITY

10. LANGUAGE WORD LANGUAGE WORD
ENGLISH TRANSLATION DUTCH vertaling
URDU ‫ترجمہ‬ FILIPINO Pagsasalin
HINDI अनुवाद FRENCH traduction
ALBANIAN Përkthim GERMAN Übersetzung
ARABIC ‫ترجمة‬ GREEK μετάφραση
BULGARIAN превод GUJRATI અનુવાદ
CHINESE 翻译 IRISH aistriúchán
JAPANESE 翻訳 KANNADA ಅನುವಾದ
PERSIAN ‫ترجمه‬ PUNJABI ਅਨੁਵਾਦ
TAMIL ம ொழிமெயர்ப்பு RUSSIAN перевод
SPANISH traducción ZULU ukuhumusha

11. FACTS OF TRANSLATION ?
• Living languages in the world – 6912 .
• Languages spoken in INDIA – about 1600 .
• Language with the most words: ENGLISH (approx. 250,000
distinct words ) .
• Language with the fewest words: TAKI TAKI , also called
SRANAN (only 340 words ) .

12. THANK YOU