The document discusses various methods of translation between a source language and target language. Methods with a source language emphasis include word-for-word translation, literal translation, and faithful translation. Target language emphasis methods are adaptation, free translation, and idiomatic translation. The document notes that semantic and communicative translation best fulfill the aims of accuracy and economy. Semantic translation is more economical and written at the author's level for expressive texts, while communicative translation is less economical and written for the readership for informative and vocative texts. The document also discusses how different text categories are best translated and mentions additional methods like service, plain prose, information, and academic translation.

1. TRANSLATION METHODS
By: Diana Priscila Montesdeoca Benitez.

2. METHODS OF TRANSLATION WITH
SOURCE LANGUAGE (SL) EMPHASIS
 Word-for-Word translation → Interlinear translation, words are translated
singly by their most common meaning. Used to understand the mechanics of
SL.
 Literal translation → SL grammatical constructions are converted to their
nearest TL equivalents, lexical words are translated singly, out of the context.
 Faithful translation → Attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning
of the original within the TL grammatical structures constraints. It’s
uncompromising and dogmatic.
 Semantic translation → It’s flexible and admits the translator’s creativity. It
take more account the aesthetic value than the faithful translation.

3. METHODS OF TRANSLATION WITH
TARGET LANGUAGE (TL) EMPHASIS
 Adaptation → Free form of translation. Used mainly for plays as comedies
and poetry.
 Free translation → Reproduces the content without the form of the original.
Also known as intralingual translation.
 Idiomatic translation → Reproduces the message of the original but kind of
distort the meaning by using colloquialisms and idioms where these don’t
exist in the original.
 Communicative translation → Attempts to render the exact contextual
meaning of the original.

4. COMMENTS IN THESE METHODS
The two methods that fulfil the two main aims of translation (accuracy and economy)
are: semantic and communicative translation.
EQUIVALENT EFFECT → It’s the desirable result of translation
 In communicative translation of vocative texts, equivalent effect is essential
 In semantic translation the more universal the text is the more the equivalent
effect is possible
Semantic translation
• More economical
• Written at the autor’s
level
• Used for expressive texts
• Is personal and individual
Communicative translation
• Less economical
• Written at the
readership’s level
• Used for informative and
vocative texts
• Is social

5. METHODS AND TEXT CATEGORIES
Text categories:
 Vocative texts → translated too literally
 Informative texts → translated too literally more closely than vocative texts
 Expressive texts → translated not literally enough, its unite of translation is
small
Other methods:
 Service translation → translation from one’s language of habitual use into
another language.
 Plain prose translation → translation of poems and poetic dramas. These are
often published in parallel with their originals.
 Information translation → conveys all the information in a non-hierarchy text.
 Academic translation → Reduces an original SL text to an elegant idiomatic
educated TL version.