2. Background
Born in year 1916, 12 April in Brno, in the Czech Republic.
Educated amidst 'the frightful conventionality' or as he put it, Rugby School.
In 1921, he moved to UK and studied in Cambridge.
2nd world war, he serve in 8th Army in Italy.
Post-war lead to 1960s as head of modern language at Holborn College of Law, Language and
Commerce.
An influential role in the Chartered Institute of Linguists, he became President.
Launch the first postgraduate diploma in technical and specialized in translation in the UK, at the
Polytechnic of Central London, better known as the University of Westminster now.
Retired as dean of language in 1981.
Died in 2011, 9 July.
3. Achievement
● One of the main figure Translation Studies in the
English-speaking world in twentieth century.
● He also very influential on the Spanish-speaking
world.
● A series of accessible and occasionally polemical
works of his;-
1. A Textbook of Translation (1988)
2. Paragraphs on Translation (1989)
3. About Translation (1991)
4. More Paragraphs on Translation (1998)
4. Definition
● The act of translating as transferring the meaning of text,
from one language to another, taking care mainly of the
functional relevant meaning.
● For Newmark, theory of translation insist on the topic if
equivalence,
Text to text equivalence NOT simply word to word.
● It's a huge group of knowledge.
5. Semantic Translation
● Linguistic and encyclopaedic, generally the work of one translator
● Usually close to the semantic and syntactic structures of the target
language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.
● Semantic translation is accurate but may not communicate properly.
● Emphasize the 'loyalty' to the original text.
● To create precise flavor and tone of the original an preserve the
author's idiolect.
○ Exp: quotations, autobiography, private correspondences, minor
literature
6. Communicative Translation
● Its attempts to produce on its reader the effect as close as possible to
the reader of the original text.
● Easy to be comprehend by the reader of the target language.
● Translation focus on factors such as readability and naturalness.
● Transfer foreign element into the target language culture.
7. ● Author-centered
● Faithful to the culture of
the text
● Preserve everything
● Meaning for each word
translated.
● Word is the unit of
translation
● Reader-centered
● Easy to be understand
by the reader
● Convert the text culture
to the target language
culture.
● Focus on the message
of the text
Semantic
Translation
Communicative
Translation
