This document lists various cranial nerve syndromes, their typical causes, and locations in the brain. It describes several syndromes defined by their associated cranial nerve palsies and other neurological symptoms, as well as the lesions that usually cause each syndrome. For example, Foix syndrome involves cranial nerves 3, 4, 5 and 6 and is caused by invasive tumors of the sphenoid bone. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome affects cranial nerves 3, 4, 5 and 6 and results from aneurysms or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus.

1. CRANIAL NERVE SYNDROMES –EXTRAMEDULLARY
CRANIAL NERVE SYNDROMES –INTRAMEDULLARY
SITE CRANIAL NERVES EPONYMIC
SYNDROME
USUAL CAUSE
SPHENOIDAL
FISSURE
3,4,OPTHALMIC,5,
6
FOIX INVASIVE TUMOURS OF SPHENOID
BONE
Lateralwall of
cavernous sinus
3,4,opthalmic ,5
6
Tolosa hunt Aneurysm or thrombosis of cavernous sinus
Retrosphenoidal space 2,3,4,5,6 jaccoud Large tumours of middle cranial fossa
Apex of petrous bone 5,6 gradenigo Petrositis,tumours of petrous bone
Internal auditory meatus 7,8 - tumours of petrous bone, tumours of petrous
bon
Pontocerebellar angle 5,7,8, and sometimes 9 - Acoustic neuroma
Jugular foramen 9,10,11 vernet Tumours and aneurysms
Posterior laterocondylar
space
9,10,11,12 Collet -sicard Tumours of parotid gland ,carotid
body,tubercuous adenitis
Posterior retroparotid
space
9.10,11,12 and horners
syndrome
villaret Same
Syndrome Ipsilateral contralateral Lesion site
Weber’s Oculomotor palsy Hemiparesis Cranial nerve III ,
cerebralpeduncle
Benedikt’s Oculomotor palsy Tremors ±
Hemianaesthesia
Cranial nerve III , Red
nucleus
± medial longitudinal
fasciculus, spinothalamic
tract
Claude’s Oculomotor palsy Tremor and ataxia Cranial nerve III, red
nucleus, brachium
conjuctivum
Nothnagel’s Oculomotor palsy y&
Ataxias
Oculomotor palsy+ ataxia
-
Cranial nerve III,
brachium conjuctivum
Plus-minus lid Ptosis Lid retraction CN III fascicles to the
levator palpebrae muscle;
nucleus of