knowing the correct anatomy and applied aspect of osteology helps in accurate diagnosis.this ppt provides insight into different bones of head and neck and their applied aspects through images.

1. OSTEOLOGY OF HEAD AND NECK

6. SKULL JOINTS

8. SERRATE SUTURE (SAGITTAL)
Present between two parietal bones

10. Between parietal bones
and occipital bone
DENTICULATE SUTURE

11. PLANE SUTUTRE
Between two palatine
bones

14. ANATOMIC POSITION
OF SKULL

16. METHODS OF
STUDY OF SKULL

17. SUPERIOR VIEW OR
NORMA VERTICALIS
POSTERIOR VIEW OR
NORMA OCCIPITALIS
ANTERIOR VIEW OR
NORMA FRONTALIS
LATERAL VIEW OR
NORMA LATERALIS
INFERIOR VIEW OR
NORMA BASALIS
EXTERNALLY
INTERNALLY
CRANIAL VAULT
CRANIAL BASE
DIVIDED INTO 3
CRANIAL
FOSSAS
ANTERIOR
MIDDLE
POSTERIOR

18. NORMA
VERTICALIS

22. BRACHYCEPHALY- FLATTENED HEAD
PREMATURE BILATERAL FUSION OF
CORONALSUTURES
ASSOSIATEDWITH SYNDROMES SUCH AS
APERT SYNDROME
CARPENTER SYNDROME
CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS.
DOWNS SYNDROME.

23. PLAGIOCEPHALY- SKEW HEAD.
DUE TO UNILATERAL FUSION OF CORONAL
SUTURE

24. SCAPHOCEPHALY OR DOLICOCEPHALY – ELONGATED
HEAD
DUE TO PREMATURE CLOSURE OF SAGGITAL SUTURE.
ASSOCIATED WITH SYNDROMES LIKE
CROUZON SYNDROME AND MARFAN
SYDROME

25. TRIGONOCEPHALY- TRIANGULAR HEAD
DUE TO PREMATURE FUSION OF METOPIC SUTURE.

26. OXYCEPHALY-HIGH HEAD
DUE TO PREMATURE CLOSURE OF CORONAL
SUTURE, PLUS LAMBDOID SUTURE

27. NORMA OCCIPITALIS

31. NORMA FRONTALIS

34. The metopic suture is always present at birth but usually disappears at 6-7 yrs.
( metopon= forehead)
The metopic suture may persist throughout life and be mistaken for
a fracture

35.  The paired frontal sinuses are
posterior to the superciliary
arches, between the upper and
inner tables of the frontal bone.
 Each usually underlies a
triangular area on the surface of
the face, its angles formed by
the nasion, a point 3 cm above
the nasion and the medial one-
third and lateral two-thirds of the
supraorbital margins.
 They are rarely symmetrical
 The average dimensions of an
adult frontal sinus are height 3.2
cm, breadth 2.6 cm , depth 1.8
cm.
 They open into anterior part of
corresponding middle meatus or
medial to hiatus semilunaris.
 They are rudimentary or absent
at birth , generally well
developed between the seventh
and eigth years, but reach full
size after puberty.
Frontal air sinuses

36. Frontal bossing

38. Blow out fracture of the orbit

46.  Maxilla ossifies in membrane from three centres
One from maxilla proper and Two from
premaxilla.
 The centre for maxilla proper appears above
canine fossa during the sixth week of intrauterine
life.
 Of the two premaxillary centres, the main centre
appears above the incisive fossa during seventh
week of intrauterine life.
 The second centre appears at the ventral margin
of nasal septum during tenth week and soon
fuses with the palatal process of maxilla.
Ossification of maxilla

48. a) Fronto-nasal
buttress
b)Malar-zygomatic
buttress
c) Pterygoid
buttress
Vertical trajectories of force

50.  The largest of the paranasal
sinuses and completely fills
the bodies of maxillae
 Pyramidal in shape
 Innervated by infra-orbital and
alveolar branches of maxillary
nerve
 Drains in middle meatus
through hiatus semilunaries
 The size of the sinus is
variable. Average
measurements are
Height- 3.5 cm
Width-2.5 cm
anterioposterior depth-
3.5 cm
 Clinical note: Extraction of
upper teeth might lead to
fistula formation and sinusitis
Maxillary sinus

55. The mandible is the second bone , next to the
clavicle , to ossify in the body.
Its greater part ossifies in membrane.
The parts ossifying in the cartilage include the
incisive part below the incisor teeth, the coronoid
and the condyloid processes, and the upper half
of the ramus above the level of the mandibular
foramen.
Each half of the mandible ossifies from only one
centre which appears at about 6th week of the
intrauterine life in the mesenchymal sheath of
Merckel’s cartilage near the future mental
foramen.
Ossification of mandible

62. •From beneath the teeth trajectories join together in
common pillar- ends at condyle.
•Mandibular nerve and canal are protected
•Trajectories from sympysis, gonial angle and coronoid
process join this main pillar.

63. Mandibular fractures

72. Facial bone fractures result from
direct trauma and usually follow
one of only a small number of
patterns. Some search patterns
can aid in the interpretation.The
eye follows these lines to check
these common fracture
patterns.

73. McGrigor-Campbell lines

74. Campbell's and Trapnell's lines

76. NORMA LATERALIS

82. keens Transoral approach

85. Elongation of styloid
process in eagles
syndrome

90. Gilles Temporal approach

92. NORMA BASALIS

93. Pharyngeal
tubercle

95. Anterior part of norma
basalis

97. GUERIN’S SIGN

99. TREATMENT SCHEDULE

100. Latham appliance

101. Vanderwoude syndrome

102. Middle part of norma
basalis

110. posterior part of norma
basalis

113. Foramen magnum

115. Jugular foramen

116. INTERNAL SURFACE OF
CRANIAL VAULT

118. INTERNAL SURFACE OF
BASE OF THE SKULL

121. Anterior fossa

123. Cibriform plate of ethmoid

128. Racoon eyes Rhinorrhea
ANTERIOR
CRANIAL
FOSSA

130. Middle cranial fossa

131. Sphenoid bone

135. Foramen Lacerum
Structures passing whole length:
1. Meningeal branch of Ascending pharyngeal
artery
2. Emissary vein
3. Internal carotid artery
4. Greater petrosal nerve

140. Sphenoidal air sinus
 The sphenoidal sinuses are
two large irregular cavities
within the body of the
sphenoid and therefore lie
posterior to the upper part
of nasal cavity.
 At birth the sinuses are
minute cavities, and their
main development occurs
after puberty.
 The average adult
dimensions are vertical
height 2cm, Transverse
breadth 1.8 cm ,
anterioposterior depth 2.1
cm.

142. MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
Hemotympanum CSF leak ottorhea

145. Foramen magnum

146. Jugular foramen

147. Posterior cranial fossa
Battle’s sign

148.  Bruising over sub-occipital region
 Cranial nerve injuries
Double ring sign-
Fluid from ear or nose placed on
filter paper and a halo of double ring
may be seen.

149. HYOID BONE

153. Attachments to hyoid bone

155. CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

157. Typical cervical vertibrae

158. Atlas

159. Axis

162. Seventh cervical vertebra