PRINCIPAL OF COOLING TOWER
TYPES OF COOLING TOWER
DIFFERENT TERMS USED IN COOLING TOWER SPECIFICATION
AIR PROPERTIES AND
SIZING OF COOLING TOWER HEIGHT
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION FORMAT / DATASHEET
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long. The hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants,[1] although they are also used to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.
The presentation gives a basic idea of cooling towers in big industries including the Power Plants. The performance of cooling towers and the commonenly used terms with reference to the cooling towers are also discussed at length. Care to be taken while in freezing temperatures in the European countries is also discussed.
A Brief Introduction to Industrial boiler. And details about Boiler of Monnet Power Company Ltd(2X525 MW) Thermal Power Plant. Details about parts of Boiler, Water & Steam path, Oil Circuit, flue Gas Circuit.
A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between two solid interfaces.
PRINCIPAL OF COOLING TOWER
TYPES OF COOLING TOWER
DIFFERENT TERMS USED IN COOLING TOWER SPECIFICATION
AIR PROPERTIES AND
SIZING OF COOLING TOWER HEIGHT
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION FORMAT / DATASHEET
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long. The hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants,[1] although they are also used to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.
The presentation gives a basic idea of cooling towers in big industries including the Power Plants. The performance of cooling towers and the commonenly used terms with reference to the cooling towers are also discussed at length. Care to be taken while in freezing temperatures in the European countries is also discussed.
A Brief Introduction to Industrial boiler. And details about Boiler of Monnet Power Company Ltd(2X525 MW) Thermal Power Plant. Details about parts of Boiler, Water & Steam path, Oil Circuit, flue Gas Circuit.
A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between two solid interfaces.
أساسيات ومبدأ عمل أبراج التبريد
Fundamentals of Cooling Tower, Types, Applications, Performance, Energy Efficiency, Water Conservation & Service Maintenance
desert cooler is a device which van adjust the humidity of air suppplied by it according to the envoirment condition. it design by concidering factors like dry bulb,wet bulb and dew point tempratures.
Most air-conditioning systems and industrial processes generate heat that must be removed and dissipated. Water is commonly used as a heat transfer medium to remove heat from refrigerant condensers or industrial process heat exchangers. In the past, this was accomplished by drawing a continuous stream of water from a utility water supply or a natural body of water, heating it as it passed through the process, and then discharging the water directly to a sewer or returning it to the body of water.
Ventilating systems for electrical machinesPraveen Kumar
this presentation is about types of ventilation given to the electrical machines,an analysis for the best type,future improvements,and their importance in electrical machines
Study the factors on which efficiency of cooling tower can be critically accl...IJERA Editor
Water cooling is widely used in many industrial processes to control heat removal from a hot material surface.
In order to control the temperature distributions, a deeper understanding more accurate estimation of spray heat
transfer rates is needed. In a new technique combining experiment and computational modeling developed for
water cooling. It is better to understand the heat transfer mechanisms from the combustion gases to the cooling
water and then from the cooling water to the environment. To meet this need a logic tree is developed to provide
guidance on how to balance and identify problems within cooling system and schedule appropriate maintenance.
Fluid dynamics, Thermodynamics and Heat transfer are involved in developing a cooling system model and the
operation is familiar to the general operating companies. There will be the comparison and parametric
investigation of the cooling system model in the logic tree and the results are summarized as tables and charts.
The objective is to identify the several ways of improving efficiency of cooling tower. In this study we are doing
the comparison ofsome calculations regarding the cooling tower.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
1. Thermal Power Plant Engineering
COOLING TOWERS
1
1
Dr. S. VIJAYA BHASKAR
Professor in Mechanical Engineering
Sreenidhi Institute of Science &
Technology, Hyderabad
2. COOLING TOWERS
2
In power plants the hot water from
condenser is cooled in cooling tower,
so that the water can be reused in
condenser for condensation of steam.
In a cooling tower, water is made to
trickle down drop by drop so that it
comes in contact with the air moving
in the opposite direction.
So that some water is evaporated and
is taken away with air.
In evaporation the heat required for
the evaporation is taken away from
the bulk of water which is thus cooled.
4. COOLING TOWERS contd.
4
Factors affecting cooling of water in a cooling
tower are:
Temperature of air
Humidity of air
Temperature of hot air
Size and height of tower
Velocity of air entering the air
Accessibility of air to all parts of tower
Arrangement of plates in tower
Cooling towers are classified as
Natural draught cooling towers
Mechanical draught cooling towers
i) forced draught cooling towers
ii) induced draught cooling towers
5. Natural Draught Cooling Towers
5
In this type of tower the hot water
from the condenser is pumped to
the troughs and nozzles situated
near the bottom.
Troughs spray the water falls in
the form of droplets into a pond
situated at the bottom of the
tower.
The air enters the cooling tower
from air openings provided near
the base, rises upwards and takes
up the heat of falling water.
Example: Hyperbolic Cooling
Tower
6. Hyperbolic Cooling Towers
6
The Advantages of the Hyperbolic Cooling Towers over
mechanical towers are:
Low operating and maintenance cost
It gives more or less trouble free operation
Less ground area required
Cooling tower structures are self supported and
withstands high speed of winds
The enlarged top of the tower allows water to fall
out of suspension.
7. Hyperbolic Cooling Towers
7
The Drawbacks of Hyperbolic Cooling Towers are:
High initial cost
Performance varies with DBT (dry bulb temp) and RH
(relative humidity) of the air
While initial cost may be higher, the saving in fan power,
longer life and less maintenance always favour for this
hyperbolic cooling tower.
8. Mechanical Draught Cooling Towers
8
In these towers the draught of air for cooling the tower is
produced mechanically by means of propeller fans.
These are built in cells or units, the capacity depending on
the number of cells used.
Advantages
These towers require a small land area and built in all
locations
The fans give a good control over the air flow and water
temperature.
Less costly to install than natural draught towers
9. Mechanical Draught Cooling Towers
9
Disadvantages
Fan power requirements and maintenance costs make
them more expensive to operate
Local fogging and icing may occur in winter season
10. Forced Draught Cooling Towers
10
This is similar to natural draft tower
as far as construction is concerned
but the sides of the tower are closed
and form an air and water tight
structure, except for fan openings at
the base for the inlet of fresh air and
the outlet at the top for the exit of air
and vapours.
There are hoods at the base
projecting from the main portion of
tower where the fans are placed for
forcing the air into tower.
11. Forced Draught Cooling Towers contd.
11
Advantages
More efficient than induced draught
No problem of fan blade erosion because it handles dry
air only
More safe
The vibration and noise are minimum
Disadvantages
The fan size is limited to 4 metres
Power requirement is high
In cold weather, ice is formed on equipments and the
frost in the fan outlet can break the fan blades
12. Induced Draught Cooling Towers
12
In these towers fans are placed at the
top of the tower and they draw the air
in through louvers extending all round
the tower at its base.
Advantages:
Lower the first cost
Less space requirement
Capable of cooling wide range
Coldest water comes in contact with
driest air and warmest with humid
air
Recirculation is seldom a problem
Disadvantages:
air velocities are unevenly distributed
Static pressure loss is higher because
base tends to choke at high velocity
pressures
END..
