Conventional Encryption, also known as symmetric encryption, uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. It has the following properties: - The sender encrypts the plaintext using a secret key known to both sender and receiver. - The encrypted data called ciphertext is transmitted to the receiver. - The receiver decrypts the ciphertext using the same secret key to retrieve the original plaintext. - It is a fast and simple encryption technique as it uses a single key. However, secure key distribution between communicating parties is a challenge. - The encryption and decryption algorithms are reversible i.e. decrypting the ciphertext using the secret key reproduces the original plaintext. - Popular symmetric encryption algorithms are AES

1. CONVENTIONAL
ENCRYPTION
Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Mrs. Shubha Chaturvedi
Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering & System Sciences
MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan

2. INTRODUCTION TO CONVENTIONAL
ENCRYPTION
CONVENTIONAL ENCRYPTION ARE CRYPTOGRAPHIC
SYSTEM WHICH USES SAME KEY USED BY SENDER TO
ENCRYPT MESSAGE AND BY RECEIVER TO DECRYPT
MESSAGE. IT WAS ONLY TYPE OF ENCRYPTION IN USE
PRIOR TO DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION.
IT IS STILL MUCH PREFERRED OF THE TWO TYPES OF
ENCRYPTION SYSTEMS DUE TO ITS SIMPLICITY. IT IS A
RELATIVELY FAST PROCESS SINCE IT USES A SINGLE KEY
FOR BOTH ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION IN THIS
ENCRYPTION MODEL, THE SENDER ENCRYPTS PLAINTEXT
USING RECEIVER’S SECRET KEY, WHICH CAN BE LATER
USED BY RECEIVER TO DECRYPT CIPHERTEXT.

3. BELOW IS FIGURE THAT
ILLUSTRATE THIS CONCEPT.

4. EXPLANATION :
SUPPOSE A WANTS TO SEND A MESSAGE TO B, THAT MESSAGE IS CALLED
PLAINTEXT. NOW, TO AVOID HACKERS TO READ PLAINTEXT, PLAINTEXT IS
ENCRYPTED USING ALGORITHM AND A SECRET KEY (AT 1). THIS
ENCRYPTED PLAINTEXT IS CALLED CIPHERTEXT. USING SAME SECRET KEY
AND ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM RUN IN REVERSE(AT 2), B CAN GET
PLAINTEXT OF A AND THUS MESSAGE IS READ AND SECURITY IS
MAINTAINED.
THE IDEA THAT USES IN THIS TECHNIQUE IS VERY OLD AND THAT’S WHY
THIS MODEL IS CALLED CONVENTIONAL ENCRYPTION

5. A CONVENTIONAL ENCRYPTION HAS MAINLY 5 INGREDIENTS
• Plain text – thus message is read and security is maintained.
• Encryption algorithm –Encryption algorithm performs various
transformations on plain text to convert it into cipher text.
• Secret key –Secret key is also an input to the algorithm. The
encryption algorithm will produce different output based on
the keys used at that time.
• Cipher text –It contains encrypted information because it
contains a form of original plaintext that is unreadable by a
human or computer without proper cipher to decrypt it. It is
output from algorithm.
• Decryption algorithm – This is used to run encryption
algorithm in reverse. Cipher text and Secret key is input here
and it produces plain text as output.

6. ADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL ENCRYPTION
1. Simple :
This type of encryption is easy to carry out.
2. Uses less computer resources :
Conventional encryption does not require a lot of computer
resources when compared to public key encryption.
3. Fast :
Conventional encryption is much faster than asymmetric
key encryption.

7. DISADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL ENCRYPTION
1. Origin and authenticity of message cannot be guaranteed,
since both sender and receiver use the same key, messages
cannot be verified to have come from a particular user.
2. It isn’t much secured when compared to public key
encryption. If the receiver lost the key, he/she cant decrypt
the and thus the whole
3. This scheme does not scale well to a large number of users
because both the sender and the receiver to agree on a secret
key before transmission.

8. SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION:

9. SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION IS A FORM OF CRYPTOSYSTEM IN WHICH
ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ARE PERFORMED USING THE SAME KEY. IT IS
ALSO KNOWN AS CONVENTIONAL ENCRYPTION.
Two requirements for secure use of symmetric encryption:
– A strong encryption algorithm
– A secret key known only to sender / receiver
Y = EK(X)
X = DK(Y)
.assume encryption algorithm is known
.implies a secure channel to distribute key

10. A source produces a message in plaintext, X = [X1, X2… XM] where M are the
number of letters in the message. A key of the form K = [K1, K2… KJ] is generated. If
the key is generated at the source, then it must be provided to the destination by
means of some secure channel.
With the message X and the encryption key K as input, the encryption algorithm
forms the cipher text Y = [Y1, Y2, YN]. This can be expressed as
Y = EK(X)
The intended receiver, in possession of the k e y ,is able to invert
the transformation:
X = DK(Y)
An opponent, observing Y but not having access to K or X, may attempt to recover X
or K or both. It is assumed that the opponent knows the encryption and decryption
algorithms If the opponent is interested in only this particular message, then the
focus of effort is to recover by generating a plaintext estimate. Often if the opponent
is interested in being able to read future messages as well, in which case an attempt
is made to recover K by generating an estimate.

11. ASSIGNMENT
Q1. Explain the Conventional Encryption model in Detail?