Block cipher modes of operation describe how a block cipher can be used for encrypting messages larger than the cipher's block size. The document discusses the five main modes of operation - electronic codebook (ECB), cipher block chaining (CBC), cipher feedback (CFB), output feedback (OFB), and counter (CTR) mode. It provides details on how each mode works, including diagrams, as well as advantages and disadvantages of some of the modes.
this presentation is on block cipher modes which are used for encryption and decryption to any message.That are Defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Block cipher modes of operation are part of symmetric key encryption algorithm.
i hope you may like this.
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on ... Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as .... Finally, the cipher should be easily cryptanalyzable, such that it can be ...
The presentation include:
-Diffie hellman key exchange algorithm
-Primitive roots
-Discrete logarithm and discrete logarithm problem
-Attacks on diffie hellman and their possible solution
-Key distribution center
this presentation is on block cipher modes which are used for encryption and decryption to any message.That are Defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Block cipher modes of operation are part of symmetric key encryption algorithm.
i hope you may like this.
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on ... Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as .... Finally, the cipher should be easily cryptanalyzable, such that it can be ...
The presentation include:
-Diffie hellman key exchange algorithm
-Primitive roots
-Discrete logarithm and discrete logarithm problem
-Attacks on diffie hellman and their possible solution
-Key distribution center
In this whole idea of v symmetric cipher model and also cryptography and cryptanalytics, also substitution techniques and transposition techniques and steganography.
This presentation contains the contents pertaining to the undergraduate course on Cryptography and Network Security (UITC203) at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology. This covers the ElGamal Cryptosystem.
The Advanced Encryption Standard, also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S.
In this whole idea of v symmetric cipher model and also cryptography and cryptanalytics, also substitution techniques and transposition techniques and steganography.
This presentation contains the contents pertaining to the undergraduate course on Cryptography and Network Security (UITC203) at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology. This covers the ElGamal Cryptosystem.
The Advanced Encryption Standard, also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S.
THE UNIFIED OPERATION STRUCTURE FOR SYMMETRIC-KEY ALGORITHMcscpconf
In Cloud Computing, information exchange frequently via the Internet and on-demand. Modern
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provides a common solution for multi-mode and this is very suitable for ubiquitous computing with several resources and environments. The study indicates a better well-organized structure for symmetric block ciphers so as to improve their application scenarios.
CNIT 141: 5. More About Block Ciphers + Modular Arithmetic 2Sam Bowne
A lecture for a college course -- CNIT 140: Cryptography for Computer Networks at City College San Francisco
Based on "Understanding Cryptography: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners" by Christof Paar, Jan Pelzl, and Bart Preneel, ISBN: 3642041000
Instructor: Sam Bowne
More info: https://samsclass.info/141/141_F17.shtml
In cryptography, a mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide an information service such as confidentiality or authenticity. A block ...
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Block Cipher modes of
Operation
Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Mrs. Shubha Chaturvedi
Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering & System Sciences
MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan
2. • Encryption algorithms are divided into two
categories based on input type, as block cipher
and stream cipher.
• Block cipher is an encryption algorithm which
takes fixed size of input say b bits and produces a
ciphertext of b bits again. If input is larger
than b bits it can be divided further.
• For different applications and uses, there are
several modes of operations for a block cipher.
4. Electronic Code Book (ECB) –
• Electronic code book is the easiest block cipher mode of functioning. It is easier
because of direct encryption of each block of input plaintext and output is in form
of blocks of encrypted ciphertext. Generally, if a message is larger than b bits in
size, it can be broken down into bunch of blocks and the procedure is repeated.
• Procedure of ECB is illustrated below:
5. Advantages of using ECB –
1. Parallel encryption of blocks of bits is possible thus
it is a faster way of encryption.
2. Simple way of block cipher.
Disadvantages of using ECB –
1. Prone to cryptanalysis since there is a direct
relationship between plaintext and ciphertext.
6. Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
• Cipher block chaining or CBC is an advancement made on ECB since ECB
compromises some security requirements. In CBC, previous cipher block is given as
input to next encryption algorithm after XOR with original plaintext block. In a
nutshell here, a cipher block is produced by encrypting a XOR output of previous
cipher block and present plaintext block.
• The process is illustrated here:
7. • Advantages of CBC –
1. CBC works well for input greater than b bits.
2. CBC is a good authentication mechanism.
3. Better resistive nature towards cryptanalsis than
ECB.
• Disadvantages of CBC –
1. Parallel encryption is not possible since every
encryption requires previous cipher.
8. Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB) –
• In this mode the cipher is given as feedback to the next block of encryption with
some new specifications: first an initial vector IV is used for first encryption and
output bits are divided as set of sandb-s bits the left hand side sbits are selected
and are applied an XOR operation with plaintext bits. The result given as input to a
shift register and the process continues. The encryption and decryption process for
the same is shown below, both of them use encryption algorithm.
9. • Advantages of CFB –
1. Since, there is some data loss due to use of
shift register, thus it is difficult for applying
cryptanalysis.
10. Output Feedback Mode
•
The output feedback mode follows nearly same process as the Cipher
Feedback mode except that it sends the encrypted output as feedback
instead of the actual cipher which is XOR output. In this output feedback
mode, all bits of the block are send instead of sending selected s bits. The
Output Feedback mode of block cipher holds great resistance towards bit
transmission errors. It also decreases dependency or relationship of cipher
on plaintext.
11. Counter Mode
• The Counter Mode or CTR is a simple counter based block cipher implementation.
Every time a counter initiated value is encrypted and given as input to XOR with
plaintext which results in ciphertext block. The CTR mode is independent of
feedback use and thus can be implemented in parallel.
• Its simple implementation is shown below:
