The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift. Some key points: - Wegener proposed that continents were not stationary but moved over time, drifting across Earth's surface. - Evidence for this included matching coastline geometries of continents like Africa and South America, as well as matching fossil and rock sequences along continental margins. - Paleomagnetic data from ancient rocks also supported continental drift, as their magnetic signatures did not match Earth's present-day magnetic field orientation. - Wegener's theory helped explain geological features like coal deposits under Antarctica, which could only have formed when that land was in a warmer climate.

1. Alfred Wegener

2. LET’S FIT IT!
Assembling a puzzle can reveal a hidden
meaning.
Procedure:
 Choose a page of a magazine with pictures.
 Cut the page of a magazine into not more than
20pcs.
 Insert the pieces inside the brown envelope.
 Trade the envelope with the other groups.
 Try to fit the pieces of magazine together.

3. What evidence did you use to put the
pieces together?
What features of the magazine helped
you to connect the pieces perfectly?
How do the lines of prints or texts in
the help you to confirm that you have
reassembled the magazine page?
How do your pieces serve as a model
of CDT?

4. List of dominant species of plants and
animals found in the continents before
and after drifting away from each
other
photocopy of the seven continents
(letter size)
world map
pair of scissors

5. Tell the possible direction of motion of
the continents as they drifted away.
Draw fossils of plants and animals as
evidences found in the present
continents that will help solve the
puzzle in the fitting of the drifted
continents.
Reconstruct and describe Pangaea.
Predict what will happen to the world
as the continents continuously move.

6. Cut carefully the traces of the
seven continents.
Sketch the dominant species of
plants and animals found in the
continents before and after
drifting away from each other.
Put the cut-outs together.
Answer: Q13-16.

7. Make sure that you put fitting edges of
the continents side by side to form the
supercontinent Pangaea.
Answer: Q17-20
Compare Pangaea with the world map.
Now move one continent relative to its
current location. Observe carefully the
direction of its motion as it assumes
its current location and position.
Record your observation.

8. Do the same
procedure to the other
continents. Record
your observations.
Answer: Q21

9. Coal deposits have also
been found beneath the ice
of Antarctica. But coal only
forms in warm swamps. Use
Wegener’s theory to explain
how coal could be found so
near the poles.

10. refer to
Plate Tectonic Theory History PPT

13.  Continents were not
stationary, but actually
moving or drifting away from
one another.

14.  Inspection of any global
map will show that the
edges of continents such
as South America and
Africa appear to match.
 This apparent jigsaw-like
fit is no coincidence - the
two continents split
apart from one
landmass during the
Cretaceous period, and
oceanic crust developed
in between them.

18. Map of a closed
Atlantic Ocean
showing the rifts
that formed when
Pangaea was split
by a spreading
center. The rifts on
today's continents
are now filled with
sediment. Some of
them serve as the
channel ways for
large rivers.

19.  The positions and ages of
tectonic features which
occur on the various
continental landmasses
seem to join up.
 Another line of evidence is
the alignment of glacial
striations (scratches
caused by ice) in rocks
caused by the movement
of ice sheets over the
southern continents
during the Permian and
Carboniferous periods.

20.  Continents which were once
part of the same landmass
will show similar rock
sequences along their
margins up until the time
when they split apart.
 In the African and South
American plates, similar
freshwater rocks found
along the continental
margins can be correlated
up until the end of the
Lower Cretaceous, when
continental rifting split the
continents apart.

23. Fossils contained within stratigraphic
sequences which are now located on
different continents can indicate that the
two landmasses were once joined.
Mesosaurus fossils found in early Permian
freshwater shales in both Brazil and
southern Africa
Glossopteris, Cygnonathus, and
Lystrosaurus are among others

32.  1950’s: discovery
of ancient rocks
had magnetic
directions and
inclinations that
did not
correspond with
the present
magnetic pole
position.